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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is the first published report in Israel of ischemic colitis in a woman using the contraceptive pill; 20 such cases have been reported in other parts of the world. The patient was a 46 year old married woman with 3 children; she had been in good health except for obesity and chronic hypertension. Her medications included an oral contraceptive for a period of 3 years, and methyldopa for treatment of her hypertension. She presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea of 5 weeks duration. She underwent surgical reanastamosis of the bowel and was doing well at follow-up 1 year after surgery. The presence of ischemic colitis was definitively diagnosed by histological examination; the differential diagnosis included cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and infectious disease. The authors note that although there is possible association between taking oral contraceptives and the appearance of ischemic colitis, there is not yet any statistical evidence for such a relationship. Similar cases have been reported among young women who were not using oral contraceptives.
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PMID:[Ischemic colitis in a woman on contraceptive pills]. 84 35

More than 250 patients with extreme obesity were treated at the Chir. Univ.-Klinik Erlangen by 30 + 20 cm jejunoileostomy. The patients lose overweight and reach nearly normal weight after 9-12 months. Carbohydrate intolerance and hypertriglyceridema disappear. Ensuing malabsorption and also the surgical procedure are responsible for complications like wound infection or intussuception. The resulting chronic vomitting causes hypoproteinemia, hypokaliemia and liver dysfunction. Continuous therapeutical substitution is necessary, especially of potassium, to avoid deficiency. The diarrhea is treated by drug administration, i.e Reasec. The long time results are not yet sufficiently known. Calcium deficiency may occur many years later. The rate of cholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis ranges from 2 to 10%. The over-all lethality over 5 years is 2,8% as seen in the patients of our clinic during the past 6 years.
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PMID:[Internal complications following jejunoileostomy in the treatment of extreme obesity]. 88 50

Thirty-two patients, 28 women and 4 men aged from 17 to 57 years were treated surgically for obesity. Their body weight ranged from 90 to 184 kg, with an excess weight from 42% to 180%. In 6 cases the Salmon operation and in 26 the Payne-de Wind operation were performed. Two patients died. In the remaining cases the postoperative course was uneventful and relatively mild. The longest follow-up period was 22 months. Weight loss rate was highest in the first period after the operation and the monthly rate of the weight loss in the first year after the operation was 3.5 to 6 kg. Diarrhea disappeared usually after 4 months. In some patients a transient fall in serum potassium and calcium level was observed. Other favorable results included a significant fall in the serum levels of cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins and improved value of BSP retention test. The condition of the patients is good and they have returned to work.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of obesity. 99 59

Certain aspects of the pathogenesis of the diarrhea after bypass procedures of the small intestine for obesity have been evaluated. In the late postoperative period, a significant increase occurred in fecal weight and in fecal bile salt and free fatty acid output. There was a significant direct correlation between fecal weight and fecal bile salt output. There was no significant correlation between fecal weight and fecal fatty acid output. This suggests that, after bypass procedures of the small intestine, bile salts play a more significant role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea than do free fatty acids.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of diarrhea after bypass of the small intestine. 126 8

Fluoxetine is a highly specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In studies that used a dose of 60 mg once daily, fluoxetine-treated patients consistently had greater weight loss than placebo-treated patients. In six double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of 6-8 wk duration, mean weight changes on fluoxetine were approximately 0.5 kg/wk. Longer term studies have shown maximum mean weight loss to occur at 12-20 wk of therapy. Studies have consistently shown improvements in indices of glycemic control as well as weight loss in obese diabetic patients. Safety analysis has been performed on data from 3491 obese patients in controlled clinical trials of up to 52 wk duration. Adverse events with an incidence of greater than 5%, which were reported significantly more frequently by fluoxetine-treated patients, were headache, asthenia, nausea, diarrhea, somnolence, insomnia, nervousness, sweating, and tremor. Fluoxetine is effective, well tolerated, and safe in the treatment of obesity and obese diabetics.
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PMID:Clinical studies with fluoxetine in obesity. 172 31

A new disaccharidase inhibitor, AO-128, showed 190-3900-fold more potent inhibition of purified rat small intestine sucrase-isomaltase (S-1) complex and 23-33-fold more potent inhibition of semipurified porcine small intestine disaccharidases than acarbose. AO-128 suppressed elevation of the blood glucose concentration after oral sucrose, maltose, and starch, but not after oral glucose, fructose, and lactose. The chronic addition of AO-128 to the diet produced antiobesity and antidiabetic actions in obese and/or diabetic animals. Undesirable side effects, such as diarrhea and soft feces, were observed only for the first 5-7 d and suppression of intestinal disaccharidase activities was observed even at the end of the experiment, suggesting that the suppressive or delaying effect of AO-128 on elevation of the postprandial blood glucose concentrations is involved in reduction in body weight gain and prevention and/or amelioration of the diabetic state. Thus, AO-128 is useful as an adjunct to the dietary management of obesity and diabetes.
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PMID:Effect of an intestinal disaccharidase inhibitor (AO-128) on obesity and diabetes. 172 46

As a second line therapy after failure to previous therapies, a combination therapy with MPA 1,200 mg po and 5'DFUR 1,200 mg po daily was given to 31 patients with recurrent breast cancer. At a median follow up period of 18 months, the overall response rate was 42%. The response rates for bone and visceral lesions were still good for the second line therapy. Patients previously exposed to tamoxifen (24 patients), 5-FU or its derivatives (21) and/or adriamycin (18) had response rates of 42%, 33%, 33%, respectively. The median duration of response in responders was 10 months. The overall median survival for the entire series was 9 months after start of the treatment. Thirteen (81%) of 16 patients with bone lesions were relieved from their bone pain. It is of special interest that the pain relief was also obtained in 7 out of 10 NC/PD patients with bone lesions, resulting in much improvement of their performance status. Side effects included obesity 52%, edema of the leg 35%, diarrhea 16% and so on. One patient developed venous thrombosis of her lower extremities and 4 were suspected to have the same condition. Fifty-five % of the patients underwent dose reduction of MPA at the 5th month of treatment in a median. This combination therapy is useful for recurrent disease even in late stages, so long as close observation is made for the occurrence of thrombosis.
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PMID:[Combination therapy with 5'DFUR and MPA as a second line treatment for advanced/recurrent breast cancer]. 214 Oct 52

The lessons learned from developing countries which are applicable equally to developed countries include the recognition that poverty and social justice are an integral part of a health strategy, that disease prevention involved active participation of the population, that better cost effective measures are desirable, and that individual and community involvement need to be encouraged. Prior to 1940, health care strategy involved the doctor as the locus of care for curing disease. Thereafter, through the agenda of the WHO, there was a shift towards emphasis on community health, environmental sanitation, health education, and prevention; the goal was health for all. The 1978 WHO meeting in Alma-Ata set goals for the year 2000 as 1) health care users being actively involved in caring for themselves, 2) the implementation of cost effective strategies, 3) expanding the health team to other disciplines, and 4) achieving equity in services provided and outcomes. Primary health care approaches have successfully reduced infant and child mortality through immunization, clean water and sanitation efforts, breast feeding, household involvement in treatment of diarrhea, and monitoring growth and nutrition. The lesson to be learned from developed countries is that prevention is more cost effective than illness management, particularly with the availability of new expensive technologies. Education and other primary prevention efforts can be successful in reducing smoking, auto fatalities, environmental contamination, and AIDS. Health in the US: 50-100 years ago was similar to that in developing countries today, and the shift from infectious disease to chronic disease was not smooth. Countries like Mexico are already straining under the difficulties of both disease patterns, while Brazil's public resources spent on illness treatment have jumped from 36% in 1965 to 85% in 1982, or 6% of the GNP. This could easily expand to the US figure of 12% due to similar problems with injuries, heart and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, dietary patterns of high salt and fat intake inadequate exercise and obesity, and environmental risks.
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PMID:Prevention in developing countries. 223 Oct 55

The paper presents the results of treatment in 22 obese persons with hypoenergetical nutrition of 4200 kJ with the simultaneous application of dexfenfluoramine in the daily dose of 30 mg in the course of three months. During this period of time an average weight loss of 7.5 kg was achieved, and a loss of 10 kg and more in one third of the patients. The controlled laboratory parameters did not show any significant deviations, and side effects in the form of mouth dryness and diarrhea were rare, and of a lighter intensity so that they did not demand the stop of therapy. When correctly indicated, dexfenfluoramine presents a valuable supplement in the therapeutic arsenal for obesity treatment, because thanks to its anorexigenic effect it eases the conducting of hypoenergetical nutrition and improves the treatment effect of this pathological condition.
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PMID:[Drug therapy of obesity--results of treatment with dexfenfluramine]. 228 9

Seventeen patients were operated on with intestinal shunts for morbid obesity, in eight a biliointestinal bypass (BI) was constructed and in the rest a conventional jejunoileal (JI)-shunt. The reduction in weight was similar in both groups, and so was malabsorption of fat, but the BI-group had significantly less bowel motions with less watery diarrhoea. Bile acid malabsorption was measured both chemically by estimating the total amount of faecal bile acids excreted, as well as indirectly by using a 75Se-labelled synthetic bile acid (SeHCAT). Both techniques revealed a substantial loss of bile acid after both types of operation, but patients with BI bypass surgery had significantly lower elimination time of the bile acid than those with JI-shunts. There was a significant negative correlation between SeHCAT retention and total faecal bile acids. However, some patients with low SeHCAT retention had normal or even reduced output of faecal bile acids. Estimation of faecal bile acids may display false negative results when the bile acid pool is decreased. The SeHCAT-test seems to be a better technique for measuring bile acid losses. The study suggests that BI bypass surgery for obesity seems to be advantageous over the JI shunt in reducing the postoperative loss of bile acids and choleretic diarrhoea, without influencing the weight loss.
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PMID:Bile acid malabsorption after intestinal bypass surgery for obesity. A comparison between jejunoileal shunt and biliointestinal bypass. 231 16


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