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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epidemiology of inguinal hernia was investigated in a community survey in a neighbourhood of western Jerusalem in 1969-71. The current prevalence rate, excluding operated hernias, was 18 per 100 men aged 25 and over, and the lifetime prevalence, including operated hernias, was 24 per 100. Prevalence rose markedly with age; the lifetime prevalence rate reached 40 per 100 men at the ages of 65-74 and 47 per 100 at 75 and over. The prevalence of hernia was significantly higher in the presence of varicose veins, in men who reported symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy, and, among lean men only, in the presence of haemorrhoids. These associations may reflect the role of increased abdominal pressure. The prevalence of hernia was low in the presence of overweight or adiposity, suggesting that obesity is a protective factor. No significant age-independent associations were found with chronic cough, constipation, physical activity at work, or a number of other variables. Two-thirds of the hernias had not been operated upon. The prevalence of unrepaired hernias rose with age; 13% of all men aged 65-74 and 23% of those aged 75 and over had unoperated groin swellings. One in every five operated hernias showed evidence of recurrence. No significant age-independent associations were found between evidence of occurrence and other characteristics. A comparison of interview responses and examination findings showed that interview data on the presence of hernias were of low validity, mainly because of under-reporting.
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PMID:The epidemiology of inguinal hernia. A survey in western Jerusalem. 9 77

Regular exercise is an effective nonpharmacologic therapy for stress, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety, as well as such chronic conditions of aging as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and constipation. Pre-exercise office assessment of cardiac risk, possible limitations, and contraindications is advised. A balanced fitness training program includes activities to increase flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular endurance. The most effective exercise prescription begins with a type of aerobic activity the patient enjoys. A prescribed schedule of stepwise increments in frequency, duration, and intensity gradually leads to a maintenance level of fitness.
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PMID:Prescribing physical activity for older patients. 163 24

Reports of adults with Williams syndrome (WS) have been rare. We have evaluated 13 adult WS patients and reviewed 16 case reports of WS in patients older than age 16 years. Adults in our study had progressive multisystem medical problems. Cardiovascular complications were common (12/13) including hypertension (8), supravalvular aortic stenosis (9), aortic hypoplasia (3), pulmonic artery stenosis (4), peripheral stenoses (3), and mitral valve prolapse (2). Joint limitation (12/13) was progressive, often accompanied by kyphoscoliosis and lordosis. Recurrent urinary tract infections in 6 individuals led to radiologic studies showing urethral stenosis in 2, and bladder diverticula and vesicoureteral reflux in 3. Gastrointestinal problems included obesity (5), chronic constipation (7), diverticulosis (3), and cholelithiasis (4). Hypercalcemia was documented in 5 patients, although others had hypercalcemic symptoms (abdominal pain, polyuria, and constipation). One 45-year-old man had parathyroid hyperplasia. Previous reports likewise document significant morbidity. Thus, Williams syndrome in an adult appears to dictate aggressive evaluation and monitoring. Investigation of calcium metabolism should be undertaken in each adult WS patient.
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PMID:Adults with Williams syndrome. 189 83

The prevalence of some diseases was studied in 238 android and 720 gynoid obese women and 180 android obese men with the aim to establish the relationship between the type of obesity and relevant diseases. In the selected group of obese patients (25 android and 90 gynoid obese women and 26 android obese men) fed on a reducing diet (1000 kcal--4.2 M.J.) 67 women were engaged in intensified physical activity during the 90 days of dieting. The relationship between the weight loss and the type of obesity as well as the relationship between the weight loss in women engaged in intensified physical activity and those abstaining from it was investigated. The investigation has shown that the prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes was much higher in men and women affected by the android type of obesity than in women affected by the gynoid type of obesity. The prevalence of gallbladder's as well as venous system diseases and spondylosis in women affected by both types of obesity was much higher than in android obese men, but the prevalence of constipation was higher in gynoid obese women. From data relating to response to reducing diet it is concluded that the weight loss was equal among the women affected by the android and gynoid types of obesity, but the weight loss in android and gynoid obese women engaged in intensified physical activity was significantly higher than in those abstaining from it.2+herefore, for the prevention and
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PMID:[Android and gynecoid types of obesity as factors in the onset of certain related diseases]. 274 16

The lack of fiber in the western diet may contribute to the development of several diseases including gastrointestinal disorders; the clinical effects of a new substance (AGIOLAX) made from plantago seeds and senna pods were studied. 100 patients of both sexes, aged from 40 to 60 years (30 with diabetes mellitus, 40 with obesity and 30 with hyperlipidemia) were treated; everyone complained a slowness, of different degree, of normal intestinal transit time or chronic constipation. The experiment was carried out without the use of a control group. Aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the product. In addition to the clinical evaluation of the symptoms, laboratory tests were performed. The patients were treated for 3 months with a daily dose of 2 teaspoons every evening. In the majority of the subjects a good clinical response was obtained; 88% of the patients presented a normalization of the gastrointestinal transit time; only 12% of them did not respond satisfactorily to the substance. Further the drug was well tolerated by 86% of the patients. In conclusion the authors report a good efficacy and tolerability of the product; thus they recommend its use in those disorders characterized by slow intestinal transit time and/or constipation.
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PMID:[Clinical study of a new preparation from plantago seeds and senna pods]. 295 23

Technological advances have reduced and refined man's plant food intake and consequently brought about an unprecedented decline in his consumption of dietary fibre (DF). The emergence of certain diseases selectively in regions which have been affected the most by this dietary change has led to an enhanced awareness of the functions of DF. DF is a heterogeneous group of substances which resist digestion by the endogenous enzymes of the human gut, although they are fermented to a substantial extent by the bacterial flora of the large intestine. Chemically, DF essentially consists of nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin, and its major constituents are cellulose, hemicelluose, lignin and pectin. The physiological effects of DF are attributable largely to its physicochemical properties. DF primarily affects gastrointestinal (GI) function; its effects are observable at all stages from ingestion through defaecation. It restricts caloric intake, shows gastric and small intestinal transit, and affects the activity of digestive enzymes and release of GI hormones. Its overall impact is to reduce apparent digestibility of nutrients marginally but consistently. In the large intestine, DF accelerates transit, supports bacterial growth and serves to hold water. As a result, the faecal weight and water content increase, and the transit time generally becomes shorter. Secondary to its GI effects, DF attenuates postprandial glycaemia and has long term effects on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein metabolism. These effects have important implications in the aetiopathogenesis of constipation and its sequelae including diverticulosis, cholesterol gallstones, colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. DF has traditionally been used therapeutically for constipation; now its use in diabetes is also well established. Our appreciation of the role of DF in human nutrition has undergone a major change in the last two decades. From a redundant constituent of plant foods, it has now moved to the position of an essential nutrient, the deficiency of which seems to have serious consequences.
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PMID:Dietary fibre: consensus and controversy. 301 Mar 80

Recent studies of vegetarian diets and their effects on morbidity and mortality are reviewed. Vegetarian diets are heterogeneous as are their effects on nutritional status, health, and longevity. Mortality rates are similar or lower for vegetarians than for nonvegetarians. Risks of dietary deficiency disease are increased on vegan but not on all vegetarian diets. Evidence for decreased risks for certain chronic degenerative diseases varies. Both vegetarian dietary and lifestyle practices are involved. Data are strong that vegetarians are at lesser risk for obesity, atonic constipation, lung cancer, and alcoholism. Evidence is good that risks for hypertension, coronary artery disease, type II diabetes, and gallstones are lower. Data are only fair to poor that risks of breast cancer, diverticular disease of the colon, colonic cancer, calcium kidney stones, osteoporosis, dental erosion, and dental caries are lower among vegetarians. Reduced risks for chronic degenerative diseases can also be achieved by manipulations of omnivorous diets and lifestyles.
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PMID:Health aspects of vegetarian diets. 304 2

Children who have been sexually abused develop a variety of emotional and physical complaints, often unrelated to the genital area. Emergency department records of children diagnosed as being sexually abused were reviewed for the period covering January 1984 through June 1985. Of 26,000 patients seen, 300 cases of sexual abuse were identified. Of these, 57 were patients who presented with initial complaints other than sexual abuse. The data were analyzed for age, sex, chief complaint, time of presentation, physical findings, and person accompanying the child. The most common presenting complaints of these 57 patients were abdominal pain (26%) and vaginal symptoms (26%) The latter included pruritus, discharge, and bleeding. Other complaints included rectal bleeding or constipation (9%), chronic urinary tract infection (5%), straddle injury (4%), and suicide attempt (2%). The remaining 26% included fever, respiratory infections, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, obesity, mastoiditis, and weight loss. Because resident physicians are instructed to conduct complete anal and genital examinations on all patients, sexual misuse was often diagnosed with seemingly unrelated complaints. A protocol developed for use in the emergency department is described.
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PMID:Presentation and evaluation of sexual misuse in the emergency department. 378 20

Baduanjin (Eight-Treasured Exercises) is one of the many health-promoting ancient Chinese exercises that can easily be learnt without a teacher. Its therapeutic value is unproven, however, it is claimed to be valuable for indigestion, constipation, asthma, osteoarthritis, obesity and neurasthenia. Although the exercise may be practiced by following the pictures and instructions, success really depends on concentration, relaxation and daily practice.
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PMID:Baduanjin -- an ancient Chinese exercise. 718 3

A survey of 200 patients ranging in age from 5-21 yr was undertaken in 3 facilities in central Pennsylvania: state- (100), county- (13), and privately-operated (66), together with 21 children being cared for at home. Their diagnoses included chromosomal, metabolic, and anatomic abnormalities, and other encephalopathies. The following nutritional problems were identified: 1) inadequate nutrient intake due to feeding technique, swallowing difficulties, or regurgitation; 2) obesity and low activity level; 3) constipation; 4) nutrient-drug interactions and allergies; and 5) inadequate standards with which to compare growth and adequacy of nutrient intake. The nutritional problems encountered in these pediatric patients with neuromotor disorders warrant management by a physician-nutritionist team skilled in nutritional assessment and techniques of providing nutritional support.
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PMID:Survey of nutritional problems encountered in children with neuromotor disorders. 719 14


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