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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From pluripotent pancreatic rat islet tumor tissue we have previously reported the isolation of stable transplantable glucagonoma tumor phenotypes in rats characterized by acute onset of anorexia. We now report that these tumors also cause severe adipsia. Food and water intake is reduced by more than 95% and is immediately cured upon tumor removal. Four anorectic tumor lines were all characterized as glucagonomas with high levels of proglucagon mRNA, and of two tested both were associated with highly elevated plasma levels of glucagon as well as of Glp-1(7-36amide) in the host rat. This fetal processing pattern of proglucagon may be indirectly linked to the anorectic phenotype, since we have now isolated a non-anorectic glucagonoma with similar levels of proglucagon mRNA. Lack of anorexia/adipsia in SV-40-T-antigen driven glucagonomas in transgenic mice with similar fetal processing as reported by other suggests that our tumors produce a novel anorectic substance. This factor ranges among the most potent of its kind as a peripheral mediator involved in appetite and thirst regulation. In summary, the glucagonomas provide an interesting tool with which to study the nature of severe anorexia as well as adipsia, and the identification of the active substance(s) may provide novel therapeutics for the treatment of obesity-related disorders such as NIDDM.
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PMID:Transplantable glucagonomas derived from pluripotent rat islet tumor tissue cause severe anorexia and adipsia. 765 79

Primary torsion of the omentum is an unusual cause of an acute abdomen and commonly mimics acute appendicitis. The following report of four obese children is supportive of obesity as a predisposing factor. The paucity of gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and the relatively long duration of symptoms, may increase the index of suspicion. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis is made intraoperatively by digital exploration through the muscle-splitting incision. The torsed omentum is easily delivered through the same incision, and excision results in complete recovery.
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PMID:Primary omental torsion in children. 766 14

The male adolescent may present several endocrinological problems, the most frequent of which is the retardation or absence of puberty due to constitutional delay of growth and development. This form does not require therapy and must be distinguished from other forms of hypogonadism (primitive or secondary) by endocrine tests (LHRH test, nightly pulses LH secretion, plasmatic basal level of testosterone and after HCG, cerebral NMR). Hypogonadism treatment consists of replacement therapy with testosterone or testes stimulation with HCG or LHRH. Another frequent disease is gynecomastia, usually due to physiological enlargement of mammary gland during pubertal development, sometimes it may be secondary to hypogonadism, tumors, liver function abnormalities. Severe or psychologically disturbing gynecomastia can be corrected by reductive mammoplasty. Very often, adolescents may present diseases related to incorrect food habits. Obesity is common and anorexia is becoming an important problem also in males.
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PMID:[Endocrinological problems in male adolescents]. 770 35

The main forms of eating disorders are anorexia and bulimia nervosa and obesity. The clinical features, aetiology, treatment and prognosis of anorexia and bulimia nervosa are described to highlight the similarities and differences between these two conditions. Both conditions affect predominantly the young female population with body image disturbance as one of the core symptoms. Whilst the body weight of anorexics are by definition low, most bulimics have normal or near normal body weight. Sufferers of anorexia nervosa tend to deny their illness while those with bulimia are often miserable and acutely aware of their eating difficulties. The aetiological factors in both conditions overlap to a large extent. The outcome of treatment for bulimia is reportedly better than that of anorexia nervosa. Obese people often become depressed and anxious as a result of low self-esteem causing them to seek psychiatric treatment. The severely obese who are placed on very low calorie diets may develop adverse emotional disturbances whilst weight gain may follow a major depressive illness or develop as a side effect of psychotropic medications. A subgroup of the obese population engage in frequent binge eating and preliminary criteria are being developed for this condition called "binge eating disorder". Behaviour therapy is the treatment of choice for obesity. Other forms of treatment include individual and group psychotherapy, use of appetite suppressants and in the severely obese, surgical methods.
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PMID:Eating disorders. 776 92

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were determined in basal conditions and after infusion of 1000 ml of 0.9% NaCl in women with anorexia nervosa, in normotensive obese women and in healthy women of the control group. Additionally, in the obese women and in the controls, plasma ANP was measured after iv injection of clonidine. Anorectic patients were investigated in the period of weight loss (mean deficit of body weight was 40%). The mean body mass index (BMI) in the obese women was 36.44 +/- 0.36 kg/m2. Basal plasma ANP concentrations were significantly higher in both anorectic and obese women (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The response of ANP to acute water load was markedly blunted in anorexia nervosa and in obesity (delta % = 232% in control group, 14% in anorexia nervosa and 21% in obesity. A significant increase of ANP was found after iv injection of clonidine in the control group and in obesity (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, the increase of response (expressed as a percentage change) in obese patients was lower than that in the control group (delta % = 64% and 199%, respectively). The response of ANP to alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation was higher than to hemodynamic stimulus. Our results suggest that the disturbed control of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters as well as changes in peripheral metabolism may explain the impaired responsibility of ANP to hemodynamic stimuli in anorectic and obese patients.
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PMID:Impaired response of atrial natriuretic peptide to acute water load in obesity and in anorexia nervosa. 924 7

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin are members of an important family of gastroenteropancreatic polypeptides. Distribution of CCK both in the digestive system and central and peripheral nervous structures correlates with the variety of its actions; more than a classic hormone, CCK is a peptidergic neurotransmitter. CCK plays a predominant role in multiple digestive functions: contraction and emptying of the gallbladder, stimulation of pancreatic secretion of enzymes, delay of gastric emptying, diminution of gastric acid secretion, regulation of insulin secretion, reduction of food intake, etc. Distinction between pharmacologic and physiologic effects has been difficult in all of these areas. Modern technological procedures have generated significant progresses: reliable plasmatic bioassay, understanding of molecular heterogeneity, identification and characterization of receptors and their subtypes, agonists and antagonists, some of them currently available for research studies. The integrationist perspective of normal and pathological physiology has been considerably enhanced. Therapeutic use of CCK and its derivatives in some specific problems, i.e. obesity and anorexia, remains incipient and restricted.
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PMID:[Advances in gastrointestinal hormones: cholecystokinin]. 800 26

Adolescence is an intense anabolic period. The requirement for all nutrients is increased, but particularly that for dietary calcium. A balanced intake of the macronutrients (protein, fats and carbohydrates) is recommended to prevent the chronic degenerative disorders of adulthood. The temporal pattern of the calorie intake also deserves attention since it may affect homeostatic regulation. Adolescents often show disorders of dietary behaviour predisposing them to both obesity and anorexia. Dietary intervention in this age-group should promote the regular consumption of breakfast, a balanced intake of animal and vegetable foods and an increased calcium supply to maximize bone density. Dairy products and vegetables (mainly enriched cereals) constitute the basis of a good diet for adolescents, to supply their needs for growth and for subsequent good health.
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PMID:Dairy products and adolescent nutrition. 802 Jun 40

The literature is contradictory concerning a possible connection between sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders. In the present study, the medical records and psychotherapeutic courses of all female patients (n = 127) were reviewed for the years 1987-1989 in the Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy at Steglitz Medical Center in Berlin in order to record any reported incidences of pre-onset sexual abuse as well as the age at the time of abuse. The women were subdivided into four diagnostic groups: obesity (n = 14), bulimia (n = 18), anorexia (n = 22) and others without eating disorders (n = 73). Altogether, sexual abuse was reported in 19% with and 10% without eating disorders (difference not statistically significant). Comparison of the individual diagnostic groups unexpectedly revealed a significantly higher frequency of sexual abuse among obese patients than among those without eating disorders (36% vs. 10%, p = 0.028).
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PMID:[The incidence of sexual abuse in women with eating disorders]. 802 80

An anti-obesity effect was observed for cholest-4-en-3-one (cholestenone) which is an intestinal catabolite of cholesterol. Body weight gain and body fat accumulation of CDF1 mice were inhibited by 0.5% dietary exposure to this chemical. Dose response for the effect of cholestenone was found to increase as the dose rose from 0.1 to 0.3% and 0.5%. No obvious anomaly due to consumption of cholestenone was detected by necropsy and clinical observation. The mechanism of this effect of cholestenone is not known at present, but it was not due to anorexia.
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PMID:Anti-obesity effect of cholest-4-en-3-one, an intestinal catabolite of cholesterol, on mice. 812 Jun 78

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent orexigenic peptide. Structure-activity studies have revealed that nearly the entire sequence of NPY is required to elicit feeding responses. Therefore, in order to develop antagonistic peptides for NPY-induced feeding, we synthesized full-length analogs of NPY, substituting D-Trp in the C-terminal receptor binding region, and screened their activity in rat hypothalamus. Although [D-Trp36]NPY and [D-Trp34]NPY inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated hypothalamic membrane adenylate cyclase activity, [D-Trp32]NPY exhibited no intrinsic activity. Furthermore, [D-Trp32]NPY inhibited [125I]NPY binding to rat hypothalamic membranes with a potency comparable to that of NPY. The presence of 30 and 300 nM concentrations of [D-Trp32]NPY shifted the inhibitory dose-response curve of NPY on isoproterenol-stimulated hypothalamic membrane adenylate cyclase activity parallel to the right with comparable KB values. Moreover, in vivo experiments in rats revealed that [D-Trp32]NPY (10 micrograms) significantly attenuated the 1-h feeding response induced by NPY (1 microgram). Several other substitutions at position 32 including 2-D-Nal resulted in agonist activity, suggesting that there are strict structural requirements to induce the antagonistic property in NPY. These findings confirm that [D-Trp32]NPY is a competitive antagonist of NPY in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Analogs based on [D-Trp32]NPY may have potential clinical application, since NPY has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of feeding disorders including obesity, anorexia, and bulimia.
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PMID:[D-TRP32]neuropeptide Y: a competitive antagonist of NPY in rat hypothalamus. 814 32


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