Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disability documents of all diabetic persons (n = 1,707) granted a disability pension in Sweden during 1980 were studied. The following factors were analysed: age, sex, civil status, profession, unemployment, being a housewife, immigration status, form for disability pension application, duration of diabetes, type of treatment, presence of classical late complications and age at onset of diabetes, obesity and alcohol problems. Functional handicaps and symptoms related to a clinically advanced diabetes mellitus could be regarded as the basis for the decision to grant a disability pension to 20-25% of the pensioners. For the remaining 75-80% neither the diabetic state nor its late complications could be held responsible for reduced work capacity. Rather, symptoms like angina pectoris and rheumatic symptoms and many other factors such as obesity, alcohol problems, being an immigrant, or being unemployed influenced the decision to grant a disability pension.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes mellitus and disability pension. A descriptive study of all diabetic subjects granted disability pension in Sweden in 1980. 252 66

Eight studies that examined the relation between snoring and vascular disease were identified. The prevalence of habitual snoring, measured by questionnaire or interview, varied from 3% to 29% of adults and was dependent on age, sex, obesity, and smoking habit. In men, habitual snoring was associated with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease, with adjusted relative risks in the range 1.3-2.0. For women, only one study provided adjusted estimates of relative risk, which were 2.8 for hypertension and 1.2 for angina. Adequately adjusted relative risks for cerebrovascular disease have not been reported, but unadjusted estimates varied from 1.6 to 10.3. These studies had several limitations, including the lack of a standard definition of snoring, the use of unvalidated questionnaires, and failure to account for confounding variables and the possibility of reporting bias. Only one study was prospective. Epidemiological criteria for a causal association between snoring and vascular disease have not been satisfied. The apparent excess risk is probably due to the consequences of sleep apnoea rather than snoring itself.
 ...
PMID:Is snoring a cause of vascular disease? An epidemiological review. 256 56

A baseline examination of all residents aged 40 years and over, in the A-I district, Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, was conducted in July 1977. The response rate for this examination was 84.5% for males and 92.6% for females. Nine hundred sixty males and 1,339 females, who were initially free from stroke, constituted the stroke cohort. Similarly 984 males and 1,342 females, who were free from myocardial infarction and angina pectoris on effort, made up the ischemic heart disease cohort. Both cohorts were followed for 10 years through June 1987. It is concluded that, in the agricultural community, the strongest risk factor for not only stroke but ischemic heart disease was hypertension, and that the attribution of hypercholesterolemia and obesity was small. The population that was studied experienced a period of relative economic deprivation before 1950, and there seems to be residual effects from this period to this day. The definition of cerebral infarction used in this study includes several pathologically different types (cerebral infarction of the cortical branches, cerebral infarction of the perforating branches, cerebral embolism and so on), and this may affect the results. On the other hand, the strongest risk factor for ischemic heart disease found in the A-I district is hypertension. This differs from the European/American type of ischemic heart disease, to which hypercholesterolemia and obesity are basic. These results also suggest the possibility that there is a difference not only etiologically but pathologically between the two types.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of risk factors to subsequent development of stroke and ischemic heart disease in a rural community. 262 42

Coronary artery disease has been demonstrated to conform to the principles of an epidemic disease. Therefore, the incidence of the occurrence of the disease is dependent in large part on "disturbances of human culture." These primarily include a cholesterol-rich diet, obesity, cigarette smoking, elevated blood pressure and sedentary life-style. It is gratifying that during the last quarter of a century, large segments of society in the United States have modified many of their adverse patterns of living. As a result, there has been a striking decline in both the incidence of the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and the frequency of premature death due to the disease process. Sudden cardiac death is frequently an unexpected first clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease and, despite heroic efforts, treatment of sudden death victims is frequently unsuccessful. Furthermore, progression of coronary artery disease, even in patients who present with angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction, is unpredictable. Coronary arteriography, the "gold standard" used for evaluation, gives insight primarily into anatomy and ventricular function (under experimental conditions) existing at a given instant in time. Which lesions are serious and likely to progress are usually unknown, even to the most experienced angiographer. Therefore, surgical and catheter-directed therapeutic approaches are at best only "shotgun" or partial techniques. For these reasons, the principal and continuing therapeutic efforts to reduce the occurrence and control the ravages of coronary artery disease should be directed toward prevention. Such efforts should begin in early childhood and become a lifelong practice, one that all physicians, including the most procedure-dominated specialists, should personally adopt and teach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death: a clinical perspective. 266 27

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) constitutes two-thirds of all glucose intolerance in the United States and is a major risk factor for diabetes. Despite these findings, the clinical and epidemiological significance of IGT has not been well investigated. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional study in which 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed, has provided an opportunity to examine the characteristics of IGT in the U.S. population. Data from the survey have been extrapolated to represent all U.S. residents. The findings indicate that approximately 11.2% of Americans aged 20-74 yr have IGT compared to 6.6% with diabetes. Rates of IGT increased with age for White men and women and Black men but declined for Black women greater than 54 yr of age, possibly because greater obesity in Black women precipitated earlier conversion of IGT to diabetes. The distribution of 2-h glucose values showed IGT to be part of a continuum of glucose intolerance extending from normal to diabetes. Individuals with IGT had rates of risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes (age, plasma glucose, past obesity, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity) that were intermediate between those of individuals with normal glucose tolerance and those with diabetes, although current obesity was similar for IGT and diabetes. The proportion of people with medical histories of diabetes-related conditions did not differ between IGT and normal glucose tolerance. However, several cardiovascular findings were more prevalent in individuals with IGT than in those with normal glucose tolerance, including hypertension, serum cholesterol, angina, abnormal heart findings, and medical history of arteriosclerosis and stroke. Both obesity and reported family history of diabetes were associated with higher rates of IGT, with the effect of weight gain on the prevalence of IGT occurring at lower levels than for diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Impaired glucose tolerance in the U.S. population. 275 51

The work-related aspects of coronary heart disease have been studied from the view-point of work physiology. The purpose of the following three studies has been to clarify how physical load at work and at leisure affects the risk of developing coronary heart disease. The first study included 120 men, mean age 41 years. They were intensively studied in the laboratory and field conditions, and were classified into four activity categories according to their work and leisure time activities. The results indicated that the highest prevalence rates of obesity, hypertension and angina pectoris symptoms were found among men doing heavy physical work and having no sporting leisure activities. The second study included a postal questionnaire to Finnish municipal employees in 1981 and 1985. Altogether 1999 women and 1419 men responded in both years. Their mean ages at the two survey times were 50.5 and 54.7 years, respectively. The 4-year incidence rates of coronary heart diseases diagnosed by the doctor (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency, hypertension) were the highest in occupations with physical demands, both among women and especially among the men. The incidence rate of hypertension was commonest (greater than 7.0%). Among men doing physical work the incidence rate of coronary artery disease was 5.0%. The risk ratios for muscular work among men were 5.8 in the 44--49 year age group and 2.2 in the 50--58 year age group. The third project was a case-control study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Work and cardiovascular health: viewpoint of occupational physiology. 278 39

In this study 74 men, 40-60 years old, with incapacitating angina pectoris and angiographically verified coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared to an equal number of randomly sampled healthy men matched for age, occupation and place of living. Obesity and smoking were more common in patients than in controls. The patients had elevated cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), and phospholipid (PL) levels dependent on raised concentrations of these lipids in the VLDL and LDL. The C and PL levels in the HDL fraction were decreased. Obesity had a significant influence on the VLDL and HDL levels. Also after taking this influence into account, the CAD patients had higher VLDL and LDL levels and a lower HDL concentration than the controls. Furthermore, regardless of the influence of the TG concentration, the HDL level was reduced in the patients. Smoking habits had no significant influence on the lipoprotein levels. Treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs was not associated with any significant alteration of the VLDL or the HDL level. The results strengthen the importance of lipoprotein aberrations as risk factors for coronary heart disease also if observed in association with obesity, smoking and treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs.
 ...
PMID:Aberrations in lipoprotein lipids in men with coronary artery disease and the influence of obesity, smoking and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. 285 66

We studied 17 severely obese subjects (age range 26 to 42 years), without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, angina, or clinical signs of heart failure or respiratory disease, and 16 age-matched control subjects. X-teleroentgenographic findings (transverse cardiac diameter and cardiothoracic ratio), blood pressure, and mechanocardiographic parameters were analyzed in both groups. By means of conventional simultaneous recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, and carotid pulse (100 mm/sec), systolic time intervals were calculated as mean values from 10 beats in the morning. The following comparisons were made by means of analysis of variance: heart rate, preejection period (PEP), rate-corrected PEPI (PEPI), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and QS2 interval (QS2); the latter two were both corrected for heart rate, respectively, as LVETI and QS2I and the PEP/LVET ratio. Abnormal x-ray data were shown in the obese group along with higher values for heart rate, PEP, PEPI, and PEP/LVET and a shorter LVETI; there were no differences in QS2I or blood pressure. There was a correlation between the amount of overweight and, respectively, transverse cardiac diameter (r = 0.84), heart rate (r = 0.69), PEP (r = 0.49), PEPI (r = 0.59), LVETI (r = -0.61), and PEP/LVET ratio (r = 0.72). A correlation was also found between transverse cardiac diameter and PEP/LVET (r = 0.67). We conclude, therefore, that abnormalities in the mechanocardiographic parameters are related to cardiac enlargement, suggesting a preclinical cardiac dysfunction secondary to chronic cardiocirculatory overload in severe obesity. Thus systolic time intervals appear to be affected by preclinical abnormalities of cardiac performance in these subjects.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal systolic time intervals in obesity and their relationship with the amount of overweight. 294 49

There are 2 striking differences in the practice of medicine in the US and in the UK: 1) in the former, there is a great emphasis on private medicine, and 2) in the US there is a much higher incidence of litigation, whereas in the UK, family planning services are free, and litigation in this area is almost unknown. British medical opinion agrees with the US on the following oral contraceptive contraindications: 1) cancer of the breast, ovary, uterus, vagina, or cervix; 2) coronary thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, angina pectoris, or stroke; and 3) unusual or unexplained vaginal bleeding. Both countries agree that it is inadvisable to give the combined pill over the age of 45, and over the age of 35 in smokers. The UK agrees with 75% of the routines adopted by US doctors on a patient's 1st visit for oral contraceptives. However, a patient who becomes amenorrheic while taking the pill is not regarded as lightly in the UK as she would be in the US; she is closely monitored. If 1 of 4 risk factors (age 35 or over, hypertension, obesity, or smoking) is evident, a patient in the UK is closely supervised while taking the pill. If more than 2 risk factors are present, a UK doctor may advise against the pill. Since the 1960s the media have both praisd and condemned the pill. There is no doubt that, in the field of contraceptive advice, the US and the UK lead the way, and a closer liaison between the 2 medical professions is essential to reassure patients.
 ...
PMID:Contraceptive advice: how the English differ from the Americans. 309 Feb 54

The results presented in this paper concerning regional obesity as a health hazard in women refer to a 12-year longitudinal population study of 1,462 women, aged 38-60, which was carried out in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1968-69. In univariate analysis the ratio of waist-to-hip circumference showed a significant positive association with the 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, diabetes mellitus and death. The association with incidence of myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus remained in multivariate analysis. The relation between the ratio of waist-to-hip circumference and the end points studied was stronger than for any other anthropometric variable studied.
 ...
PMID:Regional obesity as a health hazard in women--a prospective study. 326 Jul 14


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>