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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass has provided a way of evaluating the undesirable effects of high blood pressure on the heart in the same way as for obesity, excess salt intake and blood hyperviscosity. Recently, the left ventricular mass was shown to correlate (r = 0.81) with the hemodynamic stimuli of blood pressure, stroke volume and left ventricular contractility. Prospective trials at Cornell and Framingham indicate that left ventricular mass is a powerful predictive factor of the risk of complications in hypertension. In the first of these trials, we demonstrated in a 5 year follow-up study of 140 men with uncomplicated hypertension that the incidence of death, myocardial infarction or angina requiring myocardial revascularisation, was four times greater in patients with increased left ventricular mass and that this association was independent of the blood pressure levels. Then, in a 10 year follow-up study of hypertensive patients of both sexes, we established that the left ventricular mass was the most powerful predictive factor of mortality and morbidity and that this was so marked (15% death rate in subjects with LVH vs 1% in subjects with normal left ventricular mass--p less than 0.00001--, cardiovascular accidents in 26% of subjects with LVH compared with 12% in subjects with normal left ventricular mass--p less than 0.0001) that only left ventricular mass and age were independant predictive factors of morbid events in multiple variable analysis. In the Framingham study, the frequency of coronary events in a 4 year follow-up period of healthy subjects from the original cohort (average age 69 years) was significantly related to the left ventricular mass and independent of other risk factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Relationship between left ventricular mass and prognosis of arterial hypertension]. 208 Aug 92

The paper presents the evolution of the levels of smoking, hypercholesterolemia, essential hypertension and obesity in the course of a prophylactic action carried out for 15 years (1971-1986) in a group of 5000 males aged 40-60 years. In the group still available after 15 years of follow up consisting of 2000 subjects, a decrease was obtained in the number of smokers, from 22.3% to 5.6% of hypercholesterolemia from 31.3% to 23.7%. The cumulated incidence of essential hypertension has increased from 15.5% to 36.7% and of obesity from 12.6% to 14.4%. At the same time the incidence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction increased from 1.1% to 5.3%. For comparison are presented data obtained in a similar control group.
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PMID:Evolution of ischemic heart disease risk factors in "The Bucharest Multifactorial Preventive Trial of Coronary Heart Disease" after 15-year follow-up. 209 93

This study evaluates the correlation between long-term weight history and health risks. One thousand three hundred and sixteen male subjects of normal weight (-5%(-)+5% by Broca's obesity index) at age twenty, were studied. The average age of the subjects was 43.7 +/- 6.5 (M. +/- S.D.) years old. According to their long-term weight history, the subjects were classified into four groups: weight lost (N = 35), weight stable (N = 502), mild weight gain (N = 187), severe weight gain (N = 592). Odds ratios for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, shortness of breath, hyperperspiration, angina pectoris, and hypertension were significantly higher in the severe weight gain group than in the stable weight group. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed by choosing weight history, obesity index, age, and smoking and drinking habits as the independent variables. Weight history was shown to be a significant variable in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, shortness of breath, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Odds ratios for factors suspected of promoting atherosclerosis were significantly higher in the severe weight gain group. Results of this study indicate that a weight gain of over 7 kilograms appears to be the critical level that is associated with health risks.
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PMID:[Health risk assessment of long-term weight history]. 213 52

A total of 482 patients (271 without any signs of cardiovascular diseases and 211 with angina pectoris) grouped in accordance with the degree of obesity were examined for central hemodynamics (CHD) by means of tetrapolar rheography. The most pronounced changes were recorded in patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CCHD) coupled with obesity, less pronounced in patients without obesity (the difference was significant). The same regularity was established in practically healthy persons: in those with obesity, the hemodynamic shifts significantly differed from the shifts seen in patients without obesity and appeared similar to the parameters of patients with CCHD. A noticeable correlation was established between the CHD parameters and Quetelet's index.
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PMID:[Central hemodynamics in subjects with excess body weight]. 227 52

Five-hundred women admitted for rehabilitation to the State Hospital for Cardiology 1 to 10 months after myocardial infarction were divided into two groups, viz. group I containing patients less than 40 years of age and group II, in which the patients were older than 41 years. Forty-nine per cent of the patients were blue-collar, whereas 22% of them were white-collar workers; 16.5% had a high qualification, 28% were housewives or retired. The leading symptom at admittance, that is in the post-infarction period, was angina pectoris (32% in group I and 73% in group II). Heart failure, rhythm disturbance and hypertension occurred less frequently. The groups considerably differed from each other in the frequency of risk factors. In group I, smoking (81%), use of anticoncipients (41%) and hyperlipoproteinaemia (32%), while in group II hypertension (49%), smoking (45%), obesity (43%) and hyperlipoproteinaemia (41%) were the main risk factors.
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PMID:Nonfatal myocardial infarction of women. 228 Sep 93

Thirty patients with first angina (FA) underwent repeated coronary angiographic examinations in the first 3 months of the disease and 15.0 +/- 3.1 (M +/- sigma) after. At the second coronary angiography, 9 (30%) patients developed a clinical remission. The time course of stenoses was assessed by a quantitative method such as the vessel contour outline one. Six (20%) patients displayed stenosis regression, 5 (17%) had both regression and progression, 11 (37%) exhibited progression, 8 (26%) showed no changes. The multifactorial discriminant step-by-step analysis was employed to assess the predictive value of various clinical, bicycle ergometric, lipid, and angiographic factors in the time course of stenoses. In the first year of the follow-up, stenosis regression was seen in 20% of the FA patients. By the second coronary angiography, the patients with remained angina showed a high probability that there had been a progression of at least one stenosis. The probability was also high in patients with less obesity, a greater number of affected vessels and a more severity of the disease in the first month.
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PMID:[First-time occurring angina pectoris: dynamics of coronary artery stenosis during a 1-year follow-up]. 229 Feb 63

We examined the incidence of nonfatal and fatal coronary heart disease in relation to obesity in a prospective cohort study of 115,886 U.S. women who were 30 to 55 years of age in 1976 and free of diagnosed coronary disease, stroke, and cancer. During eight years of follow-up (775,430 person-years), we identified 605 first coronary events, including 306 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 83 deaths due to coronary heart disease, and 216 cases of confirmed angina pectoris. A higher Quetelet index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was positively associated with the occurrence of each category of coronary heart disease. For increasing levels of current Quetelet index (less than 21, 21 to less than 23, 23 to less than 25, 25 to less than 29, and greater than or equal to 29), the relative risks of nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease combined, as adjusted for age and cigarette smoking, were 1.0, 1.3, 1.3, 1.8, and 3.3 (Mantel-extension chi for trend = 7.29; P less than 0.00001). As expected, control for a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia--conditions known to be biologic effects of obesity--attenuated the strength of the association. The current Quetelet index was a more important determinant of coronary risk than that at the age of 18; an intervening weight gain increased risk substantially. These prospective data emphasize the importance of obesity as a determinant of coronary heart disease in women. After control for cigarette smoking, which is essential to assess the true effects of obesity, even mild-to-moderate overweight increased the risk of coronary disease in middle-aged women.
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PMID:A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. 231 26

The past three decades have seen coronary artery disease investigated almost exclusively in men. Data about this disease in women come from the longitudinal Framingham study and mortality statistics. According to the Framingham study, angina is more often the first symptom of coronary disease in women, while for men it is more often myocardial infarction. Post menopausal women are two to three times more likely to have a heart attack than premenopausal. Forty per cent of female cardiac patients versus 13% of men suffered a second heart attack. Sudden death, a frequent manifestation of coronary disease in men, occurs rarely in women until old age. Women aged 35 to 64 years were more vulnerable to risk factors of systolic blood pressure, blood glucose and excess weight than men. Cigarette smoking, highly correlated in men, was not a significant risk factor in women. The greater the number of risk factors, the greater the risk of developing coronary artery disease. Central or truncal obesity is associated with higher blood pressure and hyperinsulinemia which is thought to result in increases in atherogenic lipoproteins and decreases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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PMID:Coronary artery disease in women. 234 65

A multicenter, double-blind, randomized study was performed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of diltiazem administered to patients with MB creatine kinase-confirmed acute non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Nine centers enrolled a total of 576 patients, with 287 receiving diltiazem and 289 receiving placebo (90 mg every 6 h). Treatment was started 24-72 h after onset of clinical infarction and continued for up to 14 days. The primary endpoint was recurrent myocardial infarction, which was defined as an abnormal reelevation in plasma MB creatine kinase during the 14-day study period. MB creatine kinase samples were obtained every 12 h after randomization and were assayed by a central core laboratory using the glass bead adsorption method. Recurrent myocardial infarction was documented in 27 patients in the placebo group (9.3%) versus 15 patients in the diltiazem group (5.2%)--reflecting a reduction of 51.2% in the cumulative life-table reinfarction rate (p = 0.0297). The significance of this difference for treatment effect remained at a comparable alpha-level after individual adjustments (Cox model) for age, gender, previous infarction, obesity, site of qualifying infarction, Killip Class at entry, and concurrent use of beta-blocking agents. Diltiazem also reduced the incidence of refractory postinfarction angina necessitating study withdrawal, and angina associated with transient ST-T changes by 49.7% (p = 0.0345) and by 28% (p = 0.0057), respectively. Atrioventricular block, bradycardia, hypotension, and sinus pauses were more common in patients receiving diltiazem, but the drug was well tolerated overall despite the fact that 61% of diltiazem patients were also taking beta-blockers. These results indicate that high-dose diltiazem is well tolerated, safe, and effective in the prevention of early reinfarction and severe angina after non-Q-wave infarction.
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PMID:Prevention of reinfarction subsequent to non-Q-wave infarction. 246 75

The paper considers the significance of prostacyclin-thromboxane (PGI2/TxA2) balance for cardiovascular performance in health and in angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The functional interaction between prostacyclin and thromboxane was examined in terms of a number of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), such as ageing, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypokinesia, smoking, alcoholism, sex differences, and predisposition to the disease. A unidirectional pattern of changes in the PGI2/TxA2 balance towards TxA2 was found in CHD and in the presence of all the aforementioned risk factors. The paper discusses possible mechanisms responsible for these changes, as well as their contribution to the pathogenesis and prevention of CHD.
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PMID:[Prostacyclin-thromboxane balance and risk factors of ischemic heart disease]. 251 11


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