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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 Thirty-three patients with no evidence of endocrine disease, hepatic or renal insufficiency or sleep disorders, were classified in groups 1 to 4 in order of increasing of percentage of ideal body weight (IBW) respectively: less than 90% of IBW, 90--120%, 120--180%, and greater than 180% of IBW. After oral administration of 200 mg butobarbitone, concentration of the intact drug was measured by gas liquid chromatographic assay in urine samples collected during 72 h and at three times in blood. 2 A highly significant negative relationship was found between the cumulative excretion of butobarbitone with urine and the logarithm of the percentage of IBW. In contrast for a given weight, excretion of the drug with urine was found to be weakly correlated with the diuresis. 3 The cumulative urinary elimination of butobarbitone was significantly different between the groups studied, except of the difference between the group 2 and 3 of the patients. No significant difference was found between the renal clearances of butobarbitone in the four groups of subjects. 4 We conclude that redistribution of butobarbitone into adipose tissues can explain the obtained results and that obesity modifies the pharmacokinetics of the drug.
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PMID:Study of urinary excretion of butobarbitone in man in relation to the percentage of ideal body weight. 3 16

Computer-assisted static/dynamic renal imaging with [197Hg] chlormerodrin and [99mTc]pertechnetate was evaluated prospectively as a screening test for renovascular hypertension. Results are reported for 51 patients: 33 with benign essential hypertension and 18 with renovascular hypertension, and for 21 normal controls. All patients underwent renal arteriography. Patients with significant obesity, renal insufficiency, or renoparenchymal disease were excluded from this study. Independent visual analyses of renal gamma images and time-activity transit curves identified 17 of the 18 patients with renovascular hypertension; one study was equivocal. There were five equivocal and three false-positive results in the essential hypertension and normal controls groups. The sensitivity of the method was 94% and the specificity 85%. Since the prevalence of the renovascular subset of hypertension is approximately 5%, the predictive value is only 25%. Inclusion of computer-generated data did not improve this result. Accordingly, this method is not recommended as a primary screening test for renovascular hypertension.
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PMID:Computer-assisted static/dynamic renal imaging: a screening test for renovascular hypertension? 43 Jan 72

D-xylose pharmacokinetics has been studied in 6 healthy subjects by serial measurement of blood and urinary levels following oral and intravenous administration of two doses of D-xylose (5 and 25 g successively). Furthermore, patients with obesity, renal or hepatic insufficiency, or with a T-drain after cholecystectomy, are also investigated. Both the rate and completeness of D-xylose absorption and the apparent distribution volume of D-xylose present noteworthy interindividual variations, so that the time and value of the peak blood level are highly variable as between healthy subjects. Renal insufficiency increases the apparent elimination half-life of D-xylose and notably reduces D-xylose renal excretion. This study provides pharmacokinetic evidence of the very wide range of blood and urinary levels observed in the D-xylose tolerance test, and emphasizes the fact that D-xylose urinary excretion alone is not a reliable index of intestinal absorption.
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PMID:[D-xylose absorption test. A pharmacokinetic and statistical study]. 62 49

The authors present 21 cases of severe hypoglycaemic side effects in diabetics treated with oral sulphonylurea drugs, including two deaths. The medications involved the most frequently were glibenclamide followed by glybutamide and glicalzide. Such side effects often occur early and are unrelated to dose. The classical predisposing factors were noted : old age, renal insufficiency, hepato-cellular insufficiency, drug associations -- in particular oral anticoagulants and salicylates. The indications for such drugs in the treatment of diabetes are discussed. Their use seems doubly illogical in the case of late onset obesity diabetes since the latter is accompanied by cardiovascular complications. It is dangerous in the elderly, particularly sensitive to the risks of hypoglycaemia and in who the diagnosis of "diabetes" is too often made on inadequate grounds.
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PMID:[Hypoglycemic complications of oral drug therapy of diabetes mellitus. 21 cases]. 81 20

The effects of low-mineral content water (Adelholzener Primus-Quelle) in 62 patients were studied of which 14 were hypertonic. Changes of blood sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were not observed in either group. In the hypertonic patients, blood pressure decreased from a mean systolic value of 168 to 140 mmHg and mean distolic pressure from 105 to 88 mmHg. Observations to date suggest the following indications for a low-mineral content water diet: 1. hypertension, 2. renal insufficiency in stages of compensated and decompensated retention, especially in cases with high serum potassium levels, 3. in the initial therapy of diabetes, gout and obesity; patients with a high water demand should be treated with low-mineral content water until the optimal intake of electrolytes is established.
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PMID:[Effects of water with a low mineral content on serum electrolytes and blood pressure]. 122 36

The authors report on the monitoring in the Diabetology Service of the Territorial Hospital Center of Papeete (French Polynesia) of 51 Polynesians, diabetics non insulin-dependent over periods of 12 to 30 months (average 26.5 months) from July 1988 to December 1991. 31 males and 20 females (sex-ratio 1.5). Mean age: 55.9 (extremes: 22 and 76 old years). Non insulin-dependent diabetes risk factors: heredity (43%), obesity (67%), new-born babies with a weight more than 4 kg (10%). Revealing factors of diabetes: systematic check-up (37%), clinical complications (36%), cardinal signs (20%). Recorded complications are: 1. microangiopathy: nephropathy (25%) including 7 renal insufficiency and 2 patients under dialysis; retinopathy (29%); 2. macroangiopathy: cardiovascular accident 1 case; angor 4 cases; obliterative arteritis of inferior limbs 5 cases; 3. neuropathy 9 cases (17%); 4. high arterial tension 55%; 5. metabolic complications (20%): 4 acidocetosis; 2 hyperosmolar coma; 4 severe hypoglycemia; 6. 16 diabetic feet (32%) among them 8 amputations; 7. 45 infectious complications in 27 patients are reviewed. Review of the complications according to diseases ancientness; before 10 years of evolution, each patient suffered of at least one complication, after 10 years, each patient got an average of 2 complications. Review of diabetic balance: 80% of the patients present a mean glycemia greater than 1.50; 54% present a postprandial glycemia greater than 2 gr. and 34% a A1 C Hb greater than 9%. The possible treatments are reviewed. During this monitoring, mortality was one case; 35 patients were admitted totaling 881 days of hospitalization.
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PMID:[The non-insulin-dependent diabetic (type II) in Tahiti]. 160 52

Our aim was to analyze the predictive value of a variety of preoperative risk factors on operative outcomes. We reviewed all colorectal resections performed in a single hospital between January 1985 and May 1990. Nine hundred seventy-two resections were performed on 825 patients. We studied 17 preoperative risk factors generated from various medical risk categories. Using the multivariate discriminant function analysis, we calculated that 11 of the 17 risks were of significance in predicting outcomes (all with P less than or equal to 0.031). These factors included emergent operation, age greater than or equal to 75 years, congestive heart failure (CHF), prior abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy, corticosteroid use, albumin less than 2.7 g/dl, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), previous myocardial infarction (MI), diabetes, cirrhosis, and renal insufficiency. The classification function generated by the discriminant analysis was used to categorize patients into one of four risk groups depending on their "risk score." The index used to develop each patient's "risk score" ranged from six points for an emergency operation to one point for diabetes. The mortality rates for the various risk groups were as follows: Group 1, zero to four points, 1 percent; Group 2, five to eight points, 10 percent; Group 3, 9 to 13 points, 19 percent; Group 4, greater than 13 points, 33 percent. In contrast to previous reports, we showed that age greater than or equal to 75 years alone is not a major preoperative risk factor but, rather, acts as a modifier for the other predictors of postoperative complications. We then assessed clinical questions concerning specific preoperative risks, such as steroid use, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, COPD, and prior laparotomy, and their associated specific postoperative complications and have developed prevention strategies based on these findings. Through the use of the risk index, we also were able to assess an individual patient's operative risk more accurately.
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PMID:Multifactorial index of preoperative risk factors in colon resections. 173 12

Between 1973 and 1977 169 patients underwent implantation of bifurcated prostheses for arterial occlusive disease. Perioperative and follow-up data 10-14 years after operation were retrospectively assessed. The angiologic status of living patients was compiled. Impact of following risk factors was investigated with multivariant analysis. Coronary artery disease, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, Pulmonary disease, renal insufficiency, obesity. Follow-up was 98.8%. Preoperatively over 90% of the patients investigated had been in grade IIb (Fontaine) or worse (33% grade IV). Early mortality was 5.3% (1973 = 15%, 1977 = 5.3%, 1987/1988 = 1.8%) and was mainly related to cardiopulmonary factors. Reoperation was necessary in 69 patients (149 procedures, no mortality, 38 amputations). Late mortality was 75% (120 of 160 patients) and mainly due to cardiac problems. The 10-year-actuarial-survival (37%) was reduced due to following combinations of risk factors: Myocardial infarction/smoking/obesity (n = 41) 17%, diabetes/smoking (n = 36) 17% hypertension/myocardial infarction (n = 24) 8%. Clinical condition of the living patients (n = 40) was: 48% grade I, 28% grade IIa, 18% grade IIb, none grade III, 8% grade IV. Long term results following implantation of bifurcated prostheses for arterial occlusive disease show, that quality of life is consistently improved. Reoperation is necessary in almost half of the patients due to the progressive disease. Late mortality is closely related to the underlying arteriosclerosis. Life expectancy of our patients does not significantly differ from the normal population and is probably a sequelae of the close follow-up.
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PMID:[Long-term results 10-14 years following implantation of Y-prostheses for arterial occlusive disease]. 203 1

Insulin resistance is a cause for morning hyperglycemia seen in diabetic patients. Other reasons for morning hyperglycemia should be eliminated by performing an insulin response test. Once insulin resistance has been established as the cause of hyperglycemia, a step-by-step process should be used to establish the cause of the insulin resistance. Common causes of insulin resistance include hyperadrenocorticism, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, and obesity. Hepatic disease, renal insufficiency, and sepsis are other causes of insulin resistance in practice. Less common causes include insulin antibodies, pregnancy, neoplasia, hyperandrogenism, and pheochromocytoma. If the underlying cause cannot be found or resolved, then increased doses of insulin are required to manage the hyperglycemia.
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PMID:Problems in diabetes mellitus management. Insulin resistance. 213 77

The prevalence of gout in the United States has been rising steadily for the past two decades. Hyperuricemia is considered a necessary but not sufficient precondition for gout. Known risk factors for gout include male sex, hypertension, renal insufficiency, obesity/weight gain, diuretic use, lead exposure, and family history. The association of gout and hyperuricemia with coronary artery disease is controversial. Current evidence from the Framingham Study suggests that gout is in fact an independent risk factor for CHD. These data suggest that patients with gout should be screened for modifiable risk factors for CHD, and that early intervention in such patients may be worthwhile. Finally, the effect of AHU as risk factor for CHD remains unclear but is probably a weak one.
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PMID:Gout and hyperuricemia. 221 57


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