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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between obesity and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). This study was conducted at the University of Utah Pain Management and Research Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. Thirty-eight FMS patients were included in this study. Neuroendocrine indices (catecholamines, cortisol, C-reactive protein [CRP], and interleukin-6), symptom measures (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), sleep indices (Actigraph), and physical functioning (treadmill testing) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) provided the primary indicator of obesity. Approximately 50% of the patients were obese and an additional 21% were overweight. Strong positive associations were found between BMI and levels of IL-6 (r=0.52) and epinephrine (r=0.54), and somewhat weaker associations with cortisol (r=0.32) and CRP (r=0.37). BMI was also related to maximal heart rate (r=0.33) and inversely related to distance walked (r= -0.41). BMI was associated with disturbed sleep: total sleep time (r= -0.56) and sleep efficiency (r= -0.44). No associations between self-reported symptoms and BMI were found. This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that obesity plays a role in FMS-related dysfunction.
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PMID:Evaluating obesity in fibromyalgia: neuroendocrine biomarkers, symptoms, and functions. 1917 42

Early markers are required in pathophysiological process of obesity, MS and type 2 diabetes. We aimed to clarify the usefulness of serum adipokines (adiponectin, AD and resistin) and inflammatory markers to identify obese and overweight children with MS. Three hundred and seven of 2 491 subjects aged 11-19 with BMI> or =85 centile selected with a multistage, stratified sampling were included. Their height, weight and waist circumference were measured, all subjects underwent physical examination and standard OGTT. AD, resistin and hs-CRP were measured from baseline blood sample. The mean age of subjects was 14.2+/-1.8, 57.7% was girl (n=177) and 42.3% (n=130) boy. Of the 307 subjects 40 (13%) were classified as having MS. Serum AD levels were significantly lower in boys (p=0.02), and decreased while BMI increased, but this trend was not significant (p>0.05). Although median resistin values were higher in obese than others (20, 18.5, 17 ng/ml, respectively) it was not significant (p>0.05). In obese subjects, hs-CRP levels were significantly high (0.21 mg/L) (p=0.000). All three markers in obese and overweight children with and without MS were not significant (p>0.05). Girls with MS had lower adiponectin levels than those without MS. Waist circumference had the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting MS in ROC analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.831 for WC standard error (SE) 0.033; 95% CI 0.767-0.896; p<0.0001. But the AUCs for the adiponectin, resistin, hs-CRP were not significant. In this study, we observed that adipokines or inflammatory markers have no predictive value in the diagnosis of MS. We concluded that the best marker for MS diagnosis is the measurement of waist circumference.
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PMID:Association of adiponectin, resistin and high sensitive CRP level with the metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence. 1923 33

Obesity is closely associated with low-grade inflammation. The Gly82Ser (G82S) polymorphism in the receptor for the advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene related to RAGE expression is also involved in inflammatory response. We examined the association between RAGEG82S and obesity on soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and inflammatory markers in Korean men. The following were measured: anthropometric and biochemical parameters, RAGEG82S polymorphism, sRAGE, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and inflammatory markers in men (n = 1252; range, 30-70 years; body mass index [BMI], > or =18.5 kg/m(2)). Allele frequencies satisfied Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (G/G: 72.2%, G/S: 25.5%, S/S: 2.3%). RAGEG82S (beta-coefficient = -0.384, P < .001) and BMI (beta-coefficient = -0.168, P = .001) were major factors affecting sRAGE concentrations. In all subjects, those with 'S/S' homozygotes showed the lowest levels of sRAGE (G/G: 1036.3 +/- 40.3, G/S: 807.0 +/- 49.6, S/S: 443.0 +/- 47.8 pg/mL) before (P < .001) and after adjusted for age, BMI, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking (P < .001). When subdivided according to BMI of 25 kg/m(2) (Asian Pacific guideline), obese subjects (BMI > or =25 kg/m(2)) had significantly lower levels of sRAGE (831.7 +/- 36.7 vs 1022.7 +/- 47.8 pg/mL, P = .009) and higher levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (1.10 +/- 0.07 vs 0.72 +/- 0.05 mg/dL, P < .001) compared with nonobese subjects (BMI <25 kg/m(2)). Particularly in obese subjects, S/S carriers showed significantly higher concentrations of AGEs (P = .012) and hs-CRP (P = .006) than G allele carriers, whereas nonobese people had no significant RAGEG82S-related differences in AGEs (P = .743) and hs-CRP (P = .436). In conclusion, G allele at RAGEG82S may be more associated with inflammatory markers under obese status than nonobese conditions. In this case, it may help to suggest proper dietary modification for controlling obesity to people with genetic variants.
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PMID:G allele at RAGE SNP82 is associated with proinflammatory markers in obese subjects. 1928 1

High levels of CRP relate with advanced disease and poor prognosis of cancer patients. CRP serum levels were measured in 684 cancer patients who had undergone complete surgery or inoperable patients. Patients with inoperable tumors had significantly higher CRP levels (1.21 +/- 2.2 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.4 mg/dL; p < 0.0001). No association with gender, diabetes, autoimmune disease, thyroid disease or allergy was noted. Significantly higher CRP levels were noted in operated patients with hypertension (0.55 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.4; p = 0.001), coronary disease (0.73 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.4; p = 0.01) and obesity (0.51 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.37 +/- 0.4; p = 0.04). On the contrary, analysis in the group of inoperable patients showed that hypertensive patients had significantly lower CRP levels (0.64 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.36 +/- 2.4; p = 0.008). Although the tumor itself is the main factor defining increased CRP levels in cancer patients, hypertension, coronary disease and obesity are also linked with high CRP levels. Anti-hypertensive drugs appear as potent suppressors of the tumor-induced CRP production.
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PMID:Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in cancer patients are linked with tumor burden and are reduced by anti-hypertensive medication. 1937 47

The dramatic increase in asthma prevalence in westernised countries in recent decades, and the development of asthma in susceptible individuals who have migrated to a western country, suggests that environmental factors, such as dietary intake, must play a role in the onset and development of the disease. Key features of a westernised diet are low antioxidant intake, high fat intake and chronic metabolic surplus, resulting in obesity. Each of these may be contributing to increased asthma prevalence, due to their ability to modulate the innate immune response. A low antioxidant intake impairs the host's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby promoting an NFkappaB-mediated innate immune response, resulting in oxidative damage. A high dietary intake of saturated fat can also activate the innate immune response, as saturated fatty acids can directly activate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which also leads to a NFkappaB-driven inflammatory cascade. Also characteristic of a western diet is chronic metabolic surplus. Continual overeating results in a chronic excess of nutrients. In order to regain metabolic homeostasis, excess energy is stored as adipose tissue, which results in obesity. Adipose tissue is metabolically active and releases proinflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP, as well as adipokines such as leptin, which are central to innate immune pathways. Thus, a western dietary pattern may be highly relevant to activation of the innate immune response, which drives a neutrophilic pattern of airway inflammation, which is increasingly recognised in asthma. Therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing diet-induced innate immune activation are warranted.
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PMID:Dietary factors lead to innate immune activation in asthma. 1937 53

Obesity is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance, and altered plasma adiponectin levels; the relationship between the biochemical features of obesity and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (24-h ABP) parameters in adolescents remains unknown. Anthropometric measurements and 24-h ABP monitoring were obtained on 41 obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serum adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, insulin, fasting glucose, liver enzymes, Hb A1c (HbA1c), and two random urine samples were obtained for creatinine and microalbumin measurements. The determinants of 24-h systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP were examined using multivariate linear regression models with BP parameters as outcome variables. Forty-one obese adolescents were studied. Adiponectin levels were reduced and hs-CRP levels were elevated, and were inversely and significantly correlated (rho = -0.3, p = 0.05). ABP showed blunted nocturnal SBP dipping. Twenty-four hour SBP and DBP indexes were significantly (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with adiponectin (rho = -0.4 and -0.42), respectively. In multivariate models, lower adiponectin level was independently associated with 24-h SBP and DBP. Adiponectin inversely correlate with ABP parameters in obese adolescents. Larger studies are needed to examine the relationship between adiponectin and mechanisms of BP regulation.
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PMID:Relationship between adiponectin and ambulatory blood pressure in obese adolescents. 1943 Mar 83

Childhood obesity and poor fitness are associated with insulin resistance (IR), risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elevated markers of inflammation (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP]) are independent predictors of CHD. Whether higher percent body fat and poor fitness in non-obese children are associated with evidence of inflammation and IR is unclear. We evaluated 75 children with non-obese body mass index (BMI) for age (<95th percentile), ages 11-14 years for fasting insulin, glucose, adiponectin, CRP, body composition, and maximum oxygen-consumption (VO2max). CRP correlated positively with body composition (BMI z-score, p = 0.00062; percent body fat, p = 0.00007; and total body fat in grams, p = 0.00006) and negatively with VO2max, p = 0.036. Using multivariate analysis, VO2max and percent body fat were both independent predictors of CRP. Fasting insulin and insulin resistance as assessed by QUICKI did not correlate with CRP, fitness, or fatness in these non-obese children. Adiponectin showed no significant correlations, and gender did not influence correlation analyses. We conclude that in non-obese children, low fitness and higher body fat are both associated with inflammation (i.e., higher levels of CRP). This observation strengthens the importance of promoting both fitness and healthy body composition in all children.
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PMID:Fitness level and body composition are associated with inflammation in non-obese children. 1944 72

The number of fatalities due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be far ahead of loss of human life caused by any other type of disease worldwide. According to the WHO, the annual global tobacco death toll is already 8.4 million and will reach 10 million by the year 2025. However, in contrast to other modifiable primary risk factors for CVD such as obesity, primary prevention strategies for smokers unable to quit are not available to date. This Review, by adopting the principles of evidence-based medicine, summarizes the most recent clinical studies on CVD in smokers, and concludes by suggesting a novel primary prevention strategy for CVD in smokers unable to quit. Evidence gathered from mechanistic studies involving basic research as well as large population-based approaches point to oxidative stress as the major insult imposed by cigarette smoke (CS), and a state of systemic inflammation, as signified by increased hs (high sensitivity) CRP levels in smokers, as the decisive pro-atherogenic response of the body to the initial insult. Since we identified oxidative stress induced by heavy metals as a significant pro-atherogenic activity of CS, strategies aimed at detoxifying heavy metals and combating inflammation appear as plausible approaches to counteract the accelerated onset of CVD in smokers. For this purpose, we discuss metal chelating agents and statins as promising novel primary prevention strategies in smokers unable to quit.
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PMID:An Evaluation of the Clinical Evidence on the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Smoking-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease. 1957 88

High sensitivity serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has come into clinical use as a marker of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition to a role as a marker of disease, CRP has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. Specific small-molecule inhibitors of CRP have recently been developed with the intent of mitigating cardiac damage during acute myocardial infarction. However, the use of CRP, both as a risk marker and a disease target are controversial for several reasons. Serum hs-CRP concentrations can be elevated on the basis of genetics, female gender, and non-Caucasian ethnicity. It is not clear, in these contexts, that elevations of hs-CRP have any pathological significance. As a non-specific indicator of inflammation, CRP is also not a specific indicator of a single disease state such as cardiovascular disease but elevated concentrations can be seen in association with other comorbidities including obesity and pulmonary disease. In sharp contrast to the proposed inhibition of CRP for cardiovascular disease treatment, the infusion of CRP has been shown to have profound therapeutic benefits for autoimmune disease and septic shock. The balance between the risks and benefits of these competing views of the role of CRP in disease and disease therapy is reminiscent of the ongoing controversy regarding the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for musculoskeletal disease and their cardiovascular side effects. Soon, NSAIDs may not be the only agents about which Rheumatologists and Cardiologists may spar.
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PMID:Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Target for Therapy or Trouble? 1969 Jun 38

Whether frail elderly subjects are more insulin resistant (IR) than non-frail is unclear. How obesity, muscle mass, inflammation, hormonal and lipid status, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and physical activity influences insulin sensitivity (IS) in frail elderly subjects remains uncertain. We determined (1) whether frail elderly persons are more IR than non-frail elderly and (2) the influence of abdominal fat mass (AFM), muscle mass index (MMI), inflammation (CRP), hormonal (cortisol, free IGF-1, DHEA) and lipid (FFA, triglyceride (TG)) status, oxidative stress (paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), malondialdehyde (MDA)), antioxidant capacity (vitamin C, E) and physical activity (PASE questionnaire) on IS (QUICKI) in 16 frail obese (FO), 17 frail lean (FL) and 21 healthy, non-obese (HN) elderly subjects. IS was lower in FO than FL, but there was no significant difference between HN and FO or FL. There were no significant differences among groups for CRP, cortisol, IGF-1, DHEA, FFA, TG, PON-1, MDA, vitamin C and E and PASE. Age, AFM and MMI significantly correlated with IS. Only AFM and MMI were significant predictors explaining, respectively, 18.5% and 8.5% of the variance in IS. Increased abdominal obesity is associated with IR in frail elderly. Non-obese frail persons are not more IR than their healthy counterparts.
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PMID:Frailty in the elderly is associated with insulin resistance of glucose metabolism in the postabsorptive state only in the presence of increased abdominal fat. 1972 76


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