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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous clinical studies reported elevated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), but there are not sufficient data about SSAO in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The present study was conducted to investigate serum SSAO activity in NIDDM patients compared with nondiabetic and IDDM patients. Serum SSAO activity in 61 patients with diabetes (n = 34 NIDDM and n = 27 IDDM) and 36 controls was determined using 14C-benzylamine as a substrate. NIDDM and IDDM patients exhibited higher SSAO activity compared with controls ([mean +/- SD] NIDDM, 164.60+/-69.43 pmol/mg protein/h, P<.0001; IDDM, 143.91+/-72.45 pmol/mg protein/h, P<.002; control, 91.46+/-28.11 pmol/mg protein/h). There was a significant positive correlation between serum SSAO activity and the body mass index (BMI), body weight, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides. Within the control group, SSAO correlated with total cholesterol levels. The progression and severity of diabetic complications such as angiopathy may be exacerbated by cytotoxic metabolites (e.g., formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide) formed by SSAO. These results reveal the possibility that elevated serum SSAO activity in association with obesity and hyperlipidemia may be a cardiovascular risk factor in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Elevated serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: correlation with body mass index and serum triglyceride. 992 Jan 54

This article examined the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED), obesity, and depressive symptomatology in a biracial, population-based cohort of men and women participating in a longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factor development. The Revised Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns was used to establish BED status among the 3,948 (55% women, 48% Black) participants (age 28-40 years). Body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) was used to define overweight (BMI > or = 27.3 in women and > or = 27.8 in men). Depressive symptomatology was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale. Prevalence of BED was 1.5% in the cohort overall, with similar rates among Black women, White women, and White men. Black men had substantially lower BED rates. Depressive symptomatology was markedly higher among individuals with BED. Among overweight participants, BED prevalence (2.9%) was almost double that of the overall cohort. There were no differences in BED rates between over-weight Black and White women. Thus, BED was common in the general population, with comparable rates among Black women, White women, and White men, but low rates among Black men. Obesity was associated with substantially higher prevalence of BED. Treatment studies that target obese men and minority women with BED are indicated.
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PMID:Prevalence of binge eating disorder, obesity, and depression in a biracial cohort of young adults. 998 31

Physiopathological events that cause cardiovascular disease in adults, start at early stages of life, even before birth. Thus, their prevention should start at childhood. High blood pressure is an important cardiovascular risk factor and pediatricians should not only detect those children whose blood pressure is above normal values for age and sex but also take special care of normotensive children with risk factors for hypertension. Active and passive preventive measures should be applied to modify factors such as obesity, high salt intake, potassium and calcium intake, birth and placental weight disparity and sedentariness. Pediatricians should be mainstay in the implementation of these preventive strategies.
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PMID:[Role of pediatricians in the prevention of adult hypertension]. 1043 22

The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Native American populations. The reasons for this may be partially explained by differences in the occurrence of insulin resistance. In this report we compare fasting insulin levels, which correlate with insulin resistance, in Alaskan Eskimo subjects to those among American Indians. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, and using identical laboratory methods, we found significantly lower insulin levels among Eskimo compared with Indian participants with normal glucose tolerance. Among Eskimos insulin levels increased with increasing body mass index, were higher for women than men, and did not appreciably change with age. Our data suggest that among Eskimo people insulin resistance may be less prevalent or severe than among American Indians, but that obesity is associated with increased insulin resistance. Future analyses will examine the association between insulin levels and other correlates of the insulin resistance syndrome. We hope that by further characterizing insulin resistance or sensitivity among Eskimo people, specific recommendations can be made that will lead to cardiovascular risk factor reduction.
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PMID:Low fasting insulin levels in Eskimos compared to American Indians: are Eskimos less insulin resistant? 1061 32

The Framingham Study established hypertension as a major cardiovascular risk factor and quantified its atherogenic cardiovascular disease potential. An historical perspective is presented on the epidemiological insights about hypertension derived from 50 years of Framingham Study research into the prevalence, incidence, determinants and hazards of hypertension. Existing misconceptions about the presence of critical levels of blood pressure, the impact of the systolic and diastolic components of blood pressure, the hazard 'mild' hypertension, the impact in advanced age and the hazard of left ventricular hypertrophy. The importance of isolated systolic hypertension and the pulse pressure were demonstrated. It has been demonstrated that hypertension seldom occurs in isolation of other atherogenic risk factors, with which it tends to cluster. This clustering with other metabolically linked risk factors has been shown to reflect insulin resistance promoted by weight gain and abdominal obesity. Obesity was shown to be one of the major determinants of hypertension in the general population. Left ventricular hypertrophy was shown to be an ominous harbinger of cardiovascular disease rather than an incidental compensatory phenomenon. Multivariate risk profiles for coronary disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease and heart failure have been devised to facilitate incorporation of elevated blood pressure in a global, multivariate cardiovascular risk assessment.
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PMID:Fifty years of Framingham Study contributions to understanding hypertension. 1072 12

In this population-based survey, we investigated the prevalence of varying degrees of glucose tolerance among residents of Kin-Chen, Kinmen, as well as the association of glucose tolerance status with potential risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We focused particularly on subjects with normal 2-h postload glucose level (<7.8 mmol/l) but persistent fasting hyperglycemia (PFH) (5.6-7.8 mmol/l), to examine whether PFH represents an intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The target population comprised 6346 residents aged 30 years and older. A total of 4354 subjects could be classified into categories of NGT, PFH, IGT, new diabetes, and known diabetes according to medical history, fasting plasma glucose levels, and the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The potential cardiovascular risk factors assessed included age, obesity (general and central), systolic blood pressure, and fasting levels of insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The age-standardized prevalences of PFH, IGT, new diabetes, and known diabetes were 2.9%, 3.5%, 4.0%, and 3.0%, respectively. Among nondiabetic subjects, the cardiovascular risk factor profiles worsened with decreasing glucose tolerance, with most values differing significantly among the NGT, PFH, and IGT groups. Subjects with PFH, who would be classified as having NGT according to conventional WHO criteria, had physical and biochemical features between those of the NGT and IGT groups. These findings support our previous observation that PFH may be a transition state between NGT and IGT in the progression toward type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Community-based epidemiological study of glucose tolerance in Kin-Chen, Kinmen: support for a new intermediate classification. 1081 23

Obese hypertensive patients with cardiovascular risk factor clustering and increased risk for atherosclerotic disease have increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels, including oleic acid (OA), and a more active renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation participate in the development of atherosclerotic plaque. OA and angiotensin (Ang) II induce synergistic mitogenic responses in VSMCs through sequential signaling pathways dependent on the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), oxidants (reactive oxygen species, ROS), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. We tested the hypotheses that (1) OA and Ang II have additive or synergistic effects on VSMC migration and (2) PKC, ROS, and mitogen-activated protein kinase are critical signaling molecules. OA at 100 micromol/L increases VSMC migration 60+/-10% over control (P:<0.001). Ang II (10(-)(9) mol/L) increases VSMC migration by 62+/-13% and 73% over control, respectively (P:<0.01). Coincubation of cells with OA and Ang II produces a nearly additive increase in VSMC cell migration at 107+/-20% (P:<0.01). Increases in VSMC migration induced by OA alone and combined with Ang II were reduced by PKC inhibition and downregulation. VSMC migration in response to OA alone and with Ang II was also inhibited by N:-acetyl-cysteine, MEK inhibition, and ERK antisense. VSMC migration in response to OA alone or combined with Ang II is dependent on activation of PKC, ROS, and ERK activation, further raising the possibility that increased plasma nonesterified fatty acids and an activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in subjects with the risk factor cluster contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis through a PKC, ROS, and ERK-dependent signaling pathway.
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PMID:Signaling events mediating the additive effects of oleic acid and angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle cell migration. 1123 Feb 90

Chronic stress is well known as a cardiovascular risk factor in men. There are few reports referred to the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and level of neuroticism in the psychological examination. We analysed 77 healthy men in mean age of 33.3 +/- 7.4 years being at risk of chronic professional stress. Level of neuroticism was examined by Geras scale and expressed as: low (1-4 sten)--group 1, mean (5-6 sten)--group 2 and high (7-10 sten)--group 3 level of neuroticism. The common biochemical, clinical and environmental cardiovascular risk factors were examined. In the whole group of 77 probands we identified 24 (31%) (group 2) and 10 (13%) (group 3) persons with mean and high level of neuroticism. In the group 2 we find the highest cholesterol (222.7 +/- 39.4 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (147 +/- 35.1 mg/dl, triglicerydes (144.9 +/- 93.8 mg/dl) and apolipoprotein B (1.11 +/- 0.31 g/l) levels statistically higher than in the other group of neuroticism. In group 3 we find the highest glucose (96.5 +/- 7.4 mg/dl) and fibrinogen (353.8 +/- 39.2 mg/dl) levels. The worst results of the environmental inquiry were obtained in the group 2 (obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) in 25%, hypertension in 12.5%, nicotinism in 54%, low physical activity in 79% and positive to cardiovascular disease family history in 91%). Because we found correlation mostly in the group of mean level of neuroticism these results must be confirmed in the larger group of probands using other psychological tests.
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PMID:[Enhanced neuroticism in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in men]. 1125 50

Recent data suggest that infections, inflammation and the immune system are involved in the process of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of coronary heart disease (CHD) with three inflammation markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA) and plasma fibrinogen. The cross-sectional study included 1400 men aged 45-74 years, who participated in a cardiovascular risk factor survey in Finland in 1997. Participants with prevalent CHD had markedly higher CRP, SAA and fibrinogen levels than participants without CHD. In logistic regression models, the age, smoking, serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure adjusted odds ratios (2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile as compared with the 1st quartile) of CHD increased gradually with increasing quartile of CRP (1.90, 2.27, 2.64), SAA (1.68, 1.83, 2.41), and fibrinogen (1.60, 1.95, 2.14). The associations weakened somewhat after further adjustment for indicators of obesity, particularly waist hip-ratio. CRP, SAA and fibrinogen levels were markedly lower among CHD patients using cholesterol-lowering medication as compared to non-users. In conclusion, CRP, SAA and fibrinogen, which are markers of inflammation, were positively and significantly associated with prevalent CHD. Central obesity needs to be considered as a confounding factor in the observed associations. These findings support the hypothesis that cholesterol-lowering drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect.
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PMID:The association of c-reactive protein, serum amyloid a and fibrinogen with prevalent coronary heart disease--baseline findings of the PAIS project. 1139 43

Associations between sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be mediated by higher cardiovascular risk factor levels in those with sleep-disordered breathing. The authors examined these relations in the Sleep Heart Health Study, a multiethnic cohort of 6,440 men and women over age 40 years conducted from October 1995 to February 1998 and characterized by home polysomnography. In 4,991 participants who were free of self-reported CVD at the time of the sleep study, moderate levels of sleep-disordered breathing were common, with a median Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) of 4.0 (interquartile range, 1.25-10.7). The level of RDI was associated cross-sectionally with age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid levels. These relations were more pronounced in those under age 65 years than in those over age 65. Women under age 65 years with RDI in the higher quartiles were more obese than men with similar RDI. Although the pattern of associations was consistent with greater obesity in those with higher RDI, higher body mass index did not explain all of these associations. If sleep-disordered breathing is shown in future follow-up to increase the risk for incident CVD events, part of the risk is likely to be due to the higher cardiovascular risk factors in those with higher RDI.
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PMID:Relation of sleep-disordered breathing to cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Sleep Heart Health Study. 1143 66


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