Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a comprehensive obesity treatment program which incorporated open-ended treatment duration, pre-treatment assessments, protein-sparing modified fasts (PSMFs), and the use of six a priori outcome categories to analyse outcomes. Subjects were the first 291 obese individuals (mean weight = 235 lb, 66% overweight) to participate in the program's intake procedures. Data obtained after 55 weeks of treatment (on average) showed that the program seemed quite effective for 65% of those who participated for at least 12 weeks (mean = 62 and 30 lb lost in the two successful groups). Analyses supported the continued use of pre-treatment assessments, extended treatment times, and a priori categorizations of outcomes. In addition, correlational analyses showed that binge eating, high levels of psychological distress, and low income levels were associated with poorer outcomes.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of an intensive weight control program using a priori criteria to determine outcome. 132 47

The most certain symptomatic manifestation of gallstones is episodic upper abdominal pain. Characteristically, this pain is severe and located in the epigastrium and/or the right upper quadrant. The onset is relatively abrupt and often awakens the patient from sleep. The pain is steady in intensity, may radiate to the upper back, be associated with nausea and lasts for hours to up to a day. Dyspeptic symptoms of indigestion, belching, bloating, abdominal discomfort, heartburn and specific food intolerance are common in persons with gallstones, but are probably unrelated to the stones themselves and frequently persist after surgery. Many, if not most, persons with gallstones have no history of pain attacks. Persons discovered to have gallstones in the absence of typical symptoms appear to have an annual incidence of biliary pain of 2-5% during the initial years of follow-up, with perhaps a declining rate thereafter. Gallstone-related complications occur at a rate of less than 1% annually. Those whose stones are symptomatic at discovery have a more severe course, with approximately 6-10% suffering recurrent symptoms each year and 2% biliary complications. The far higher rates of symptom development reported in a few studies raise the possibility that these incidence estimates may be too low. The best predictors of future biliary pain are a history of pain at the time of diagnosis, female gender and possibly obesity. The risk of acute cholecystitis appears to be greater in those with large solitary stones, that of biliary pancreatitis in those with multiple small stones, and that of gallbladder cancer in those with large stones of any number. Drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins may now be the treatment of choice in patients with gallstones who are suffering acute pain attacks. Persistent dyspeptic symptoms occur frequently following cholecystectomy. A prolonged history of such symptoms prior to surgery and evidence of significant psychological distress appear to be the best predictors of unsatisfactory outcome.
 ...
PMID:Symptoms of gallstone disease. 148 6

This study was conducted to examine the degree to which binge eating and psychological distress among obese adults are associated with a variety of behavioral patterns and competencies that could substantially affect weight control. Subjects were 167 obese people who sought help in a long-term cognitive behavioral treatment program. Subjects were divided into three groups depending on their level of psychological distress and severity of binge eating. Subjects were also assessed on coping style, subjective distress, weight history, and exercising and eating patterns. Results demonstrated substantial differences between those reporting relatively few problems with binge eating or psychological distress as opposed to those with noteworthy problems in both. The presence of either severe binge eating or psychological distress was associated with problems in regulating food-related behavior and, more generally, to problematic coping styles. These findings support the importance of in-depth assessment when treating obesity, more intensive treatment for some subgroupings, and long-term studies that incorporate comprehensive pretreatment process measure of eating style and psychological distress.
 ...
PMID:Distressed binge eaters as a distinct subgroup among obese individuals. 180 68

So far, eight prospective studies and 50 cross-sectional or retrospective studies have focused on risk factors for low back syndromes. Half of these have been published during the 1980s. Hard physical work and, in particular, frequent lifting and postural stress are likely to result in disc degeneration, low back pain and sciatica. Physical strain may also have prophylactic effects, as physical leisure activity and muscular strength are negatively associated with the risk of low back pain. Much evidence points to driving motor vehicles being causally associated with low back pain and sciatica. A probably causal relationship exists between body height and risk of sciatica, but height is not necessarily predictive of other types of low back pain. Obesity, smoking, psychological distress and poor general health also carry increased risk of low back pain, but their causal role is questionable. Although none of the suspected risk factors can be described as having been conclusively investigated epidemiologically, the results of published studies show that there are modifiable factors contributing to low back pain. The overall potential of primary prevention is great if adequate tools for intervention can be developed.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for low back pain and sciatica. 252 71

The management of the extremely obese patient is best accomplished by a multidisciplinary approach which includes exercise training as an integral component. While diet alone is a potent factor in improving the metabolic complications associated with obesity, the combination of diet and exercise training can further improve these complications and greatly enhance cardiorespiratory function. Although the fitness of extremely obese people is low, individualized exercise programs can be used to safely and progressively train these patients, reduce fatigue, and greatly increase maximum work tolerance. Additional benefits derived from exercise training include improved insulin-mediated glucose utilization, lower serum lipid concentrations, and improved psychological distress scores and anxiety levels. Thus, exercise training can contribute to the success of a weight reducing program by improving metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and psychological factors. Additional important interventions in a multidisciplinary treatment of severe obesity include psychiatric, psychosocial, and vocational counseling.
 ...
PMID:Exercise as a partial therapy for the extremely obese. 395 58

This study examined relationships between chronic stress and insulin/glucose in two groups of nondiabetics, M age = 69.4: spouse caregivers (CGs) of persons with Alzheimer's disease (n = 73) and age- and gender-matched spouses of nondemented controls (COs) (n = 69). Fasting insulin/glucose and psychological variables were assessed twice (Time 1, Time 2) over a 15-18 month period. CGs had significantly higher insulin levels at Times 1 and 2 than did COs even when obesity, exercise, gender, age, alcoholic drinks, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), lipids, and hypertension (HTN) were considered in the analyses. CGs generally reported significantly more psychological distress (higher burden, depression, hassles, and lower uplifts) than did COs at each time. Differences in psychological distress at Time 1 between CGs and COs did not mediate the insulin difference in the groups at Time 1, but differences in distress at Time 2 between CGs and COs did mediate their difference in insulin at Time 2. Although caregiver status was not associated with glucose at Time 1 or Time 2, psychological distress was positively associated with glucose at Time 2. Moreover, psychological distress at Time 1 was associated with higher glucose at Time 2 after controlling for glucose at Time 1. These data suggest that relationships between psychological and physiological distress exist both cross-sectionally and over time. These results may be important because higher insulin and glucose levels are associated with increased coronary risk and coronary heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Psychological distress, caregiving, and metabolic variables. 880 5

Research in obesity has generally not demonstrated an association with increased rates of psychopathology compared to normal-weight comparison groups. However, studies of obese individuals from clinical samples with recurrent binge eating or binge eating disorder (BED) have generally revealed increased rates of psychiatric comorbidity compared to non-binge eating obese individuals. Also, several studies have reported finding an association between BED and elevated rates of psychological distress, social problems, and impaired self-esteem. This report provides an overview of research findings regarding psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with BED, and it presents suggestion for future research.
 ...
PMID:Comorbidity and binge eating disorder. 882 May 25

This study examined two groups of people who were pursuing treatment for obesity: either medical intervention (a hospital group; N = 20) or support for dietary restriction (a community group; N = 18). This study addressed four questions: (1) Were there differences between the two groups in terms of their psychological distress (as measured by the Symptom Checklist)? (2) Does binge eating moderate psychological distress? (3) Do feelings of ineffectiveness moderate psychological distress? and (4) Which variables best accounted for group membership (i.e., type of treatment sought)? Results suggested that the hospital group was significantly more distressed than the community group. However, there were no differences between the two groups with respect to binge eating or feelings of ineffectiveness. These findings suggest that it is the effects of morbid obesity that are most likely to moderate psychological distress.
 ...
PMID:Differences between treatment seekers in an obese population: medical intervention vs. dietary restriction. 929 37

Hirsutism, acne and androgenic alopecia represent, in females, some of the manifestations of the clinical spectrum of hyperandrogenism. These pictures represent not only cosmetic damage, but also a source of remarkable psychological distress. Often hirsutism is regarded as presumptive evidence of a lack of femininity. The major diagnostic concern is to exclude an ovarian or adrenal androgen-secreting tumor, a congenital hyperplasia or polycystic ovary disease. Ethnic background should be taken into account together with the progression of the symptoms. Following the etiology, surgery and exogenous glucocorticoids or inhibition of gonadotropin secretion have to be carefully chosen in the management of different kinds of hyperandrogenism. Several pharmacologic agents have recently shown the ability to block the androgen receptors at target organ sites, thus allowing a specific antiandrogenic treatment. In some cases cosmetic measures could be of great value. Obesity accompanied by hyperinsulinemia can represent the main cause of ovary androgen hypersecretion; therefore a reduced body weight and muscle activity represent the basis of any treatment. Some other drugs, such as long-acting analogs of somatostatin, could be considered among possible drugs for the future. The aim of this article is to provide an appraisal of what is presently known about the regulation of hair growth, the various causes of excessive androgen secretion and the current methods to solve, safely, this important feminine clinical problem.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of androgen excess in females: yesterday, today and tomorrow. 947 91

Set point theory suggests that successful maintenance of weight loss ("weight suppression") may be associated with psychological distress. This study examined the association between psychological symptoms and body weight suppression by using a registry of 629 women and 155 men who lost at least 13.6 kg (mean loss = 30 +/- 15 kg) and maintained the loss for at least 1 year (mean duration = 5.5 +/- 6.8 years). Participants completed measures of mood, distress, restraint, disinhibition, bingeing, and purging. Maintainers' levels of distress and depression were lower than those of psychiatric samples and resembled those of community-based samples. Binge-eating and purging rates were comparable to rates of community samples. Maintainers' levels of restraint and disinhibition were markedly different from those of eating-disordered samples, resembling levels found in patients recently treated for obesity. There was no evidence that long-term suppression of body weight is associated with psychological distress.
 ...
PMID:Psychological symptoms in individuals successful at long-term maintenance of weight loss. 969 43


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>