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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preventive medicine perhaps achieved its earliest and most complete successes in the field of pediatrics. Work on the problems of main concern in the last third of the century has reached a stage where preventive medicine has virtually mastered those of nutrition and infection in our countries. The current problems are malformation, accidents, and suicide, and this has meant a major shift of interest for preventive activity. In some fields, prevention-detection of neonatal affections takes place in the prenatal period: here, the pediatrician joins hands with the geneticist and the obstetrician. In other fields, such as accident prevention, the pediatrician's role is of particular importance to the authorities, industry, and the family. Finally, and this is new, the pediatrician is responsible for the prevention of diseases occurring in the adult. His role in this was a matter of course in nutritional diseases such as malnutrition and rickets, and in infections such as tuberculosis. It is assuming increasing importance in the detection and prevention of certain risk factors and common affections of the adult such as obesity, hypertension and atheroma.
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PMID:[Current aspects and prospects of preventive pediatrics in France]. 65 40

The first 95 patients admitted to an inpatient Eating Disorders Program and diagnosed as having bulimia (binge eating only), bulimarexia (binging and purging), and anorexia nervosa (food restriction only) were evaluated for depression, suicidality, and family history. Major depression was found in 80% of patients; 20% had made suicide attempts in their life; and 40% of those attempting suicide made potentially lethal attempts. Patients with anorexia and bulimarexia tended to be younger, single, and Protestant. Patients with bulimarexia had overeating, oversleeping, more preoccupation with suicide, and more depression in their mothers. Patients with anorexia had more relatives with anorexia and bulimarexia, and patients with bulimia had more relatives with obesity. These findings suggest that eating disorders are unique disorders and not variants of affective disorder or alcoholism.
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PMID:Depression and suicidality in eating disorders. 385 65

Stress is an inevitable part of life in today's society. Some stress may be beneficial and can lead to improved productivity. Unless suitably managed, however, stress may contribute to physiological and psychological dysfunctions such as depression, fatigue, obesity, coronary heart disease, suicide, or violence. The impact of stress on the Nation's physical and mental health may be considerable. Tens of thousands of premature deaths annually are consequences of suicide and homicide. It is estimated that 2,000 deaths to children and up to four million injuries inflicted by abusing parents occur each year partially as a result of stress. Recent years have focused a considerable amount of public and professional interest upon the relationship between stress and physical and mental health. Scientific inquiry has demonstrated various associations between stress and health and disease and has provided evidence that stressful factors can be assessed. Much remains, however, to be elucidated about vulnerability to stress and its control. Some groups such as teenagers, the elderly, and the economically disadvantaged appear to be more vulnerable to stress, and the public in general has limited information about what can be done to reduce stress. There is a clear need to investigate the psychological, environmental, and biological interactions which link stress to health disorders.
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PMID:Health promotion: Control of stress and violent behavior. 641 16

China has been making progress in adolescence health care, carrying out directed investigations and academic exchanges, as well as training. Since 1949, both growth and development of Chinese children and adolescents have accelerated significantly. Menarche and the secondary sex characteristics of girls now appear earlier than before. The average age of menarche is 12.5 years (1991) and boys average first emission is 14.33 years (1991). In China, the commonly encountered adolescent health problems are menstruation hygiene, menstruation dysfunction, emission, masturbation, teenage pregnancy, acne, obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking, drug abuse, and suicide. Causes of death of adolescents in China has significantly changed, all deaths caused by infectious diseases have dropped significantly. Of all death causes today, accidental injury is the leading one. Sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis have shown a rebound recently. The rate of smoking among middle school students in Beijing increased from the 1980s to 1990s, with male students' smoking at significantly higher rates than female students. Adolescents is a transitional period from dependent childhood to independent adulthood. Good physical and mental health of children and adolescents makes for good health in adulthood, therefore adolescence is a very important period in one's life. We need to go a step further and develop more detailed data on adolescent health and provide more health care for adolescents.
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PMID:Health promotion of adolescents. 922 2

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed to play an important role in the regulation of energy balance. The unique presence of uncoupling protein (UCP) permits BAT to expend calories unrelated to the performance of work with the net result being the generation of heat. The role of BAT in mediating diet-induced thermogenesis had led to the suggestion that BAT activity contributes to metabolic inefficiency and, as such, might provide a cellular and molecular explanation for protection from obesity. In order to directly test this hypothesis, we recently created mice with isolated BAT deficiency by using a suicide DNA transgenic vector in which regulatory elements of the UCP gene were used to drive brown fat specific expression of diptheria toxin A-chain (DTA). Transgenic mice are characterized by reduced energy expenditure and marked obesity, associated with insulin resistance and NIDDM with both receptor and post-receptor components. Feeding of a "Western diet" which derives 41% of its calories from fat leads to a synergistic effect on the development of obesity and its accompanying disorders in transgenics. The results of our studies support a critical role for BAT in the nutritional homeostasis of mice and suggest that the intact thermogenic function of BAT is required for protection from diet induced obesity. Obese UCP-DTA mice have many features in common with obesity as it appears in most humans, and should therefore be a useful model that may aid studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of human obesity, NIDDM and their complications.
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PMID:Obesity after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. 955 22

The world's children comprise: (i) those in wealthy, industrialized countries; (ii) those from rapidly industrializing countries; (iii) minority groups including recently arrived immigrants in otherwise affluent and healthy societies; (iv) previously traditional people in rapid transition to urbanized, Western lifestyles; and (v) many millions living in grinding poverty in overcrowded, unhygienic conditions where child mortality is high and often due to malnutrition and infections. Industrialization, affluence, better housing, hygiene and nutrition, better clinical care and disease prevention have helped enhance child health in many countries over the past century. However, this is being offset by obesity, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse and social disruption, mental disease and high rates of violence including homicide and suicide. These 'new morbidities' are worse among minorities and in populations undergoing rapid social change. Social pressures including unemployment, depression and family dysfunction are important. Pediatricians must become active in decisions about the use of public resources in disease prevention, health education and more rational and equitable use of high technology. They should also be active advocates for children and their rights and advise governments about all issues that affect child health, protection and well-being. This is particularly so in the poorest and developing countries. There is a need for better international collaboration, training and exchange programs involving the International Pediatric Association, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, World Health Organization and other local, national and regional organizations to help overcome these problems as the next century draws near.
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PMID:The pediatrician's role in the twenty-first century. 982 96

Atherosclerosis begins in childhood as deposits of cholesterol and its esters, referred to as fatty streaks, in the intima of large muscular arteries. In some persons and at certain arterial sites, more lipid accumulates and is covered by a fibromuscular cap to form a fibrous plaque. Further changes in fibrous plaques render them vulnerable to rupture, an event that precipitates occlusive thrombosis and clinically manifest disease (sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease). In adults, elevated non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol concentrations, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and obesity are associated with advanced atherosclerotic lesions and increased risk of clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease. Control of these risk factors is the major strategy for preventing atherosclerotic disease. To determine whether these risk factors also are associated with early atherosclerosis in young persons, we examined arteries and tissue from approximately 3000 autopsied persons aged 15-34 y who died of accidental injury, homicide, or suicide. The extent of both fatty streaks and raised lesions (fibrous plaques and other advanced lesions) in the right coronary artery and in the abdominal aorta was associated positively with non-HDL-cholesterol concentration, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and obesity and associated negatively with HDL-cholesterol concentration. Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta also was associated positively with smoking. These observations indicate that long-range prevention of atherosclerosis and its sequelae by control of the risk factors for adult coronary artery disease should begin in adolescence and young adulthood.
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PMID:Origin of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence. 1106 73

Schizophrenia is associated with a raised mortality due to both an increase in suicide and factors related to poor physical health. The increased rates of gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disease in this population are likely to be due to high rates of smoking and obesity accompanied by a poor diet, lack of exercise and the side effects of medication. The evidence suggests that such risk factors in the schizophrenic population are largely ignored by the medical profession. Research to date has failed to address the health needs of this vulnerable population. Systematic research, with the aim of assessing the potential benefits of health improvement measures, should be a matter of priority.
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PMID:Improving the physical health of patients with schizophrenia: therapeutic nihilism or realism? 1131 Mar 54

Individuals with schizophrenia have standardised mortality rates which are double that of the general population. In addition to suicide, high rates of cardiovascular and respiratory disease contribute to this raised mortality rate. Although clozapine has been reported to improve psychotic symptoms and decrease suicide rates, attention has recently focussed on its potential to increase cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of these risk factors in a cohort of Irish outpatients treated with clozapine.
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PMID:Prevalence of obesity, lipid and glucose abnormalities in outpatients prescribed clozapine. 1209 Apr 43

Fibromyalgia is a painful syndrome frequently leading to a rheumatological expertise. Between January 1998 and August 2003, 260 medical appraisals were carried out in the department. Forty-three people matched the fibromyalgia classification criteria proposed by the American College of Rheumatology. This number represents a twofold increase compared to the period ranging from 1968 to 1997. One quarter were men. The group of people with fibromyalgia (Exp. FM+) was compared with a group of patients undergoing a similar evaluation without fibromyalgia (Exp. FM-), matched for age and sex. There were no differences concerning the demographic characteristics nor increase in obesity, heart rate or decreased blood pressure in the Exp. FM+ group. In people mentioning back pain, Waddell tests for a non organic origin of the pain tended to be more present in this group. There were no more triggering events, heavy labor workers or a decreased education level in the Exp. FM+ group. Fatigue, sadness, irritability and evocation of suicide were more frequently noted in the fibromyalgia group. People with work disablement higher than 50% were no more numerous in the Exp. FM+ group. Similarly, the working ability level in the last job or in an appropriated job was not decreased in the Exp. FM+ group. In this study, comparison between people with and without fibromyalgia yielded no great differences and working ability was regarded to be equivalent.
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PMID:[Fibromyalgia and working ability--experience of a rheumatological appreciation center]. 1545 45


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