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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Uric acid metabolism is not uniform throughout puberty. Serum urate increases progressively in obese boys as puberty advances, but it increases significantly only at the end of puberty in lean subjects. Urate filtered per unit of body weight increases in all subjects at the end of puberty when fractional excretion is diminished. Urate clearance decreases a the beginning of puberty in obese boys and at the end of puberty in lean subjects. Urate excretion corrected for body weight and the urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio do not change over the course of pubertal development in both lean and obese boys. These results suggest the following hypotheses: (1) renal retention of urate may represent the first mechanism by which uricemia is enhanced at puberty; (2) the kidney may finely modulate serum uric acid concentration through different mechanisms of urate handling, presumably occurring at different tubular sites; and (3) obesity may evoke sooner the urate changes that in lean boys are observed at the end of puberty.
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PMID:Urate changes in lean and obese boys during pubertal development. 859 90

Clustering of elevated triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hyperuricemia, diabetes, and hypertension has been related to insulin resistance/high insulin levels and central and/or overall obesity. The extent to which these abnormalities cluster and whether hyperinsulinemia, central adiposity, and overall obesity each independently associate with this clustering were evaluated in 14,481 US whites and African-Americans 45 to 64 years of age. With the exception of hypertension, abnormalities rarely existed in isolated form. Clustering greatly exceeded chance association (P < .001). Although this clustering was greater in relative terms (ratio of observed to expected cluster frequency) in the lean and less centrally obese, it was greater in absolute terms (observed minus expected cluster frequency as a percent of total population) in the more centrally and more generally obese. The greatest excesses were found for clusters that included both hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C. Multiple logistic regression models showed strong and independent graded relationships of clusters with quintiles of fasting insulin (fifth quintile odds ratio, 10 to 54, P < .001) and to a lesser degree with quintiles of the waist to hip ratio (2.2 to 5.4, P < .001 for most) and of body mass index (1.6 to 4.5, P < .05 for most). In conclusion, all abnormalities cluster in excess of that predicted by chance, with clusters showing remarkable and graded independent associations with fasting hyperinsulinemia and to a lesser extent with central and overall obesity. Thus, a metabolic syndrome occurs in both lean and obese middle-aged US adults.
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PMID:Clustering of dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, and hypertension and its association with fasting insulin and central and overall obesity in a general population. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. 863 43

Secondary hyperlipoproteinemias are found in connection with other primary organic diseases. Typical examples are those seen with diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney diseases. In addition there are changes induced by hormonal dysfunctions such as hypothyroidism, by the use of oral contraceptives or in postmenopausal women. During pregnancy there is a physiological transient increase in lipoproteins. In addition to primary organic diseases there are a number of exogenous factors such as obesity, malnutrition and alcohol abuse causing hyperlipidemia. The relation between hypertension and hyperlipidemia described as familial dyslipidemic hypertension is less well known. Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and impaired glucose tolerance are the basic conditions of the metabolic syndrome. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is a genetically determined, dyslipidemic syndrome with a high prevalence among patients with coronary artery disease and stroke. As there are some links between familial combined hyperlipidemia and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias, this disease entity is discussed together in this paper. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is metabolically, genetically and by this on a molecular level closely linked to familial dyslipidemic hypertension as well as the metabolic syndrome. The exact mechanism of this disease is currently unknown.
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PMID:[Secondary disorders of lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome and familial combined hyperlipidemia]. 865 Sep 33

We report a 3 year survey concerning diabetes associated with hypertension in 260 diabetic patients at Ouagadougou. This association has been found in 29% of the cases. The patients were male subjects for 57% of them and seventy one more 50 years old. Other vascular risk factors have been observed: obesity (53%), smoking (15%), hyperuricemia (23%). Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were observed respectively in 1% and 1.3% of the cases. Many complications arised during the survey: retinopathy in 51% of the patients, nephropathy for 35% and 12% with renal failure, macroangiopathy in 55% of the patients. The treatment was based on diuretics and calcic inhibitors. The results on the control of blood pressure were excellent but the high cost of this management is an important restrictive factor.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension and diabetes in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. 876 55

The study purpose was to determine the following in a large sample of hospitalized patients: (1) the prevalence of hyperuricemia, (2) the association of hyperuricemia with other metabolic disorders, and (3) the factors independently predicting hyperuricemia. Five hundred adult patients (250 men and 250 women) were randomly selected from those admitted as inpatients over a period of 5 months. In all patients, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and serum glucose, lipid, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urate concentrations were measured. The presence of diseases or use of medications known to affect serum urate levels were recorded. The mean level of serum urate was 5.6 mg/dL in the whole sample, 6.0 mg/dL in men and 5.3 mg/dL in women (P = .003, men v women). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 27.6% (28.8% and 26.4% in men v women, P = nonsignificant). A definite or probable secondary hyperuricemia was found in 87.7% of the subjects. Hyperuricemia was rarely isolated (21%), whereas it was frequently associated with hypertension (60.1%), hyperlipidemia (31.2%), diabetes (28.3%), and obesity (21.7%). In 26.8% of the subjects, hyperuricemia was associated with two metabolic disorders, in 13.8% with three, and in 2.9% with four. Multiple metabolic disorders (three to four) were found in 16.7% of subjects with hyperuricemia. Serum urate levels progressively increased across a range of subjects from those without diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or obesity to those with one, two, or a greater number of associated metabolic abnormalities. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that 43% of serum urate variability was explained by urea nitrogen levels, triglyceride levels, diuretic therapy, the inverse of creatinine (as an index linearly related to creatinine clearance), and BMI. These results indicate that in hospitalized subjects, hyperuricemia is (1) frequent, (2) a secondary phenomenon in most cases, and (3) frequently associated with other metabolic disorders. The major predictors of high serum urate levels are BMI, triglycerides, parameters of renal function, and use of diuretics. These variables explain a large proportion of serum urate variability.
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PMID:Serum uric acid and related factors in 500 hospitalized subjects. 896 92

Characteristic feature of pathogenesis, epidemiology and laboratory findings in hyperuricemia of gouty patients are studied and reasonable treatments of gout in clinical medicine are discussed. Gout is characterized by repeated arthritis attacks on the metacarpophalangeal joint of the first toe or other small joints, especially overworked joints or those exposed to cold. The arthritis attack lasts for 3.5 days and then diminishes gradually. The intervals are shortened in patients under poor hyperuricemic control but tophi formation is less frequent. Complications in combination with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension, which are compatible to syndrome X, are frequent in gouty patients and are suspected of rapidly progressing to arteriosclerosis, such as ischemic heart diseases. Hyperuricemia consists of over-production and underexcretion, which can be diagnosed by the urate clearance test. Classification is valuable for surveying the underlying diseases of secondary hyperuricemia and treating gouty patients. Underexcretion was observed in 85% of gouty patients with hyperuricemia and even the mean urate clearance in the overproduction type was significantly lower than that of normal controls, suggesting that underexcretion is a fundamental phenomenon in all gouty patients. Treatments of complications as well as those of hyperuricemia with uricosuric agents are required for clinical treatment of gouty patients.
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PMID:[Characteristic features of gouty patients]. 897

Various epidemiological evidences have shown the increased incidence of hyperuricemia in the subjects with hyperlipidemia and/or obesity. Our clinical study indicated the association was more close in hypertriglyceridemia to hyperuricemia than in hypercholesterolemia. Serum uric acid level increased more in Type IIb with elevated lipoprotein lipase (LPL) than those with low or normal LPL. Elevated LPL may be involved in the retarded uric acid clearance due to increased free fatty acids (FFA) in the serum, resulting in the elevation of uric acid and may be linked to the obesity-insulin resistance syndrome. Increased FFA may play an important role on the association of hyperuricemia with hypertriglyceridemia.
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PMID:[Association of hyperuricemia with hyperlipidemia and obesity]. 897 7

Hyperuricemia is often associated with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and is thought to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, thereby making resemblance to the insulin resistance syndrome. Our data showed a low, but significant correlation between serum uric acid concentration and the degree of insulin resistance (GIR) estimated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method in 67 subjects with combined normal glucose tolerance and IGT(r = -0.278, p < 0.05). Plasma HDL-C and TG levels were also correlated with uric acid levels. One hundred sixty NIDDM patients who had undergone the clamp study were stratified into 5 groups according to the serum uric acid level. In the top quintile (UA : 7.8 +/- 0.8 mg/dl), BMI, male prevalence, plasma TG, HDL-C, fasting IRI, and total IRI response(0 + 60 + 120 min) during meal tolerance test were significantly higher, while age and GIR value tended to be lower without significance compared with those in the bottom quintile (UA : 3.4 +/- 0.5 mg/dl). These results, which are in agreement with the previous studies, support the notion that elevated serum uric acid is a feature of insulin resistance syndrome.
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PMID:[Hyperuricemia and insulin resistance]. 897 8

A group of metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercoagulability and microalbuminuria determine the risk for the development of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and cerebral vascular disorders. Although available studies on the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome are equivocal, it is most frequently hypothesized that hereditary of insulin resistance leads to the remaining metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Despite pathogenetic controversies, there are convincing arguments for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome and search for therapy improving insulin sensitivity and reducing hyperinsulinemia thus preventing the development of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.
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PMID:[Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia--clinical aspects]. 899 30

The aim of the work was to evaluate the incidence of arterial hypertension in the inhabitants of Tychy, a city polluted by ecotoxins, in relation to the energy expenditure of professional work, in consideration of overweight, cholesterolaemia, uricemia, alcohol consumption, age and sex. Investigations were carried out on 1964 individuals (1392 men, 572 women) divided in 5 groups with different intensity of professional work. Serum uric acid and cholesterol levels were determined in all examined persons. Incidence of the obesity was also considered. The authors conclude that the risk of arterial hypertension in the examined individuals of Tychy is average 17.4% for both men and women, and it decreases with enhanced energy expenditure at professional work for men. Arterial hypertension appears in subjects from obesity, hyperuricaemia and drinking more than 4.0 dl of pure ethanol per week.
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PMID:[Influence of energy expenditure and other factors on the incidence of arterial hypertension in employees with some types of employment in Tychy]. 899 61


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