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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypertension, cigarette smoking, and hypercholesterolemia are the most important treatable factors that predispose patients to coronary heart disease. Numerous epidemiologic studies have investigated the importance of single risk factors and the extent of their interaction. These studies have demonstrated that the incidence of coronary heart disease is greatly augmented if more than one risk factor is present. The recent British Medical Research Council mild hypertension trial demonstrated that blood pressure reduction was highly effective in preventing stroke, although there were important differences between smokers and nonsmokers with regard to the efficacy of individual drugs. In this trial, there was no overall reduction in coronary heart disease morbidity or mortality. Other trials such as the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Antihypertensive Agents, the United States Public Health Service Hospital Cooperative Study, the Australian Therapeutic Trial in mild hypertension, and the European Working Party Trial on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly have failed to demonstrate significant reduction in coronary heart disease mortality. The Pooling Project and other epidemiologic studies have identified other factors that are associated with increased coronary heart disease; these include glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, lack of exercise, and, more arguably, type A personality. Methods of controlling these factors should involve both patient education programs promoting change in life-style, such as those proposed by the American Heart Association, and pharmacologic interventions. The British Medical Research Council trial and other such trials have shown the importance of interactions between antihypertensive therapy and individual risk factors, not all of which are readily predictable and some of which may be adverse. Coronary heart disease is now the leading cause of death in many countries and is the major unsolved problem in the treatment of hypertension. A successful attack on this problem would necessarily involve application of a number of measures and the tailoring of such measures to the needs of individual patients.
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PMID:Risk predictors, risk indicators, and benefit factors in hypertension. 379 98

The high prevalence of obesity in Europe is similar to that in other industrialized areas. Obesity and its related diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hyperuricemia, have become a major problem, particularly in terms of cost. Prospective studies in Scandinavia strongly suggest obesity and its related diseases lower life expectancy. Divergent results from the Seven Countries Study are critically discussed.
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PMID:Obesity in Europe. 406 21

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was recognized in 344 patients with obesity. The use of low-calorie diets led to a reduction in the body weight and made purine metabolism more normal. The correcting effect was most remarkable with the use of low-caloric diets with a low purine content. Inasmuch hyperuricemia of long standing plays an important role in the development of podarga, atherosclerosis, it is recommended that obese patients should be treated with the diets with a low content of food purines.
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PMID:[Differentiated dietotherapy of patients with obesity and hyperuricemia]. 408 17

In 15 subjects affected by "severe" obesity, some functional parameters were measured: glycemia, insulinemia, lacticidemia, uricemia, triglyceridemia, following oral load of fructose (100 gms), and separately, of glucose (100 gms). The analysis of the results obtained revealed a trend significantly different in the two cases in the glycemic and insulinemic profiles, whereas no statistically significant variations were observed with reference to the trend of the other parameters taken into consideration.
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PMID:[Fructose versus glucose. The effects on metabolic parameters in patients with "severe obesity"]. 633 94

Because of recent heightened epidemiologic interest in persons with very low cholesterol levels, we compared men and women at the lowest and middle deciles of plasma cholesterol in a large population study for multiple sociologic, biologic, and medical attributes. Two sex-specific age groups were studied, 30-54 years and 55-79 years. In general, comparisons between deciles for each of these four age-sex groups revealed only minor differences for demographic variables; systolic or diastolic blood pressure; fasting plasma glucose; weight; height; obesity; cigarette smoking; dietary eggs or milk; medications for hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, or hyperlipidemia; family history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, or stroke; and personal history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, hypertension, or stroke. Thus, the lowest and the middle deciles of plasma cholesterol in this population shared similar sociologic, biologic, and medical profiles. One unexpected finding was somewhat more diabetics in the lowest decile , and greater obesity and triglyceride levels in the lowest decile diabetics compared to either lowest decile non-diabetics or middle decile diabetics, perhaps suggesting a metabolically distinct subset.
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PMID:Characteristics of persons with marked hypocholesterolemia. A population-based study. 671 3

Essential hypertension, a disease that affects about 60 million Americans, is not a homogeneous clinical entity. The disease is caused by altered regulation of mechanisms that control arterial pressure. Because the manifestations of the abnormally regulated pressure have many factors, the approaches to treatment likewise may be expected to be multifactorial. Hemodynamic, neural and catecholamine, renopressor, renal excretory and volume, hormonal, electrolyte, and depressor mechanisms are discussed. Associated conditions that must be considered include exogenous obesity, hyperuricemia, coronary artery disease, carbohydrate intolerance, and hyperlipidemia. Clearer understanding of the role of each of these factors in essential hypertension should provide a rationale for wise selection of antihypertensive therapy and allow reversal of the very high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.
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PMID:Mechanisms contributing to high blood pressure. 684 8

The value of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality was investigated in 3195 men and 3160 women aged 40-69 years in Finland. Hyperuricemia was associated with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension and history of heart disease. The total mortality of hyperuricemic men and women in 5 years was significantly higher than the mortality of normouricemics. Cardiovascular mortality was not higher in hyperuricemics than in normouricemics. However, in hyperuricemic women without known heart disease cardiovascular mortality was significantly increased in the follow-up period between 5 and 12 years. Total and cardiovascular mortality rates were significantly higher in hyperuricemic men with known heart disease than in corresponding normouricemic men. A rise of serum uric acid may be secondary to more advanced atherosclerosis. Thus, hyperuricemia may be associated with more advanced heart disease and it is not an independent cause of cardiovascular diseases.
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PMID:Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. 696 92

In 86 patients with primary HLP type IV over 50% were detected at systematical examinations of non-commissioned officers so that the number of male patients is uncommonly very high, 80, (93%). The highest number of patients--66 (92,5%) belonged to the age group 41-60 years. The analysed group showed the increased incidence of: obesity (60,5%), disturbed glycoregulation (45,3%), arterial hypertension (34,9%), ischemic heart disease (26,7%), hyperuricemia (23%), occlusive peripheral artery disease (16,3%), low values of serum cholesterol concentration LVG (X = 0,98 mmol/l), markedly decreased fibrinolytic activity (eugolobulin fibrinolysis 240 +/- 29 min) and hyperinsulinism (in 9 of 13 patients). Eruptive xanthomas were found in 7 (8,1%) patients. Due to male predominance the incidence of cholelithiasis is lower than expected (8,1%).
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IV. An analysis of 86 patients]. 696 34

In 1332 patients with different degrees of obesity (344 men, mean age 36 +/- 13 years, Broca Index 1.46 +/- 0.23; 988 women, mean age 37 +/- 13 years, Broca Index 1.67 +/- 0.30), cardiovascular risk factors (RF), serum HDL-cholesterol, and insulin levels were investigated. The most frequent RF was diastolic hypertension (68 per cent), followed by systolic hypertension (56 per cent), glucose intolerance (55 per cent), hypertriglyceridemia (31 per cent), hyperuricemia (19 per cent) and hypercholesterolemia (18 per cent). Only 9.4 per cent of the patients were without RF, and these patients were younger and less obese than patients with RF. Compared with controls, HDL-cholesterol levels were decreased in obese patients, however, the negative linear correlation between relative body weight and HDL-cholesterol levels was only significant in women, not in men. HDL-cholesterol levels were higher in women than in men. Serum insulin levels were correlated positively with relative body weight and negatively with age. Partial correlation analysis revealed a stronger influence of age than body weight on blood pressure, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose levels. Uric acid levels correlated positively, and HDL-cholesterol levels negatively with relative body weight alone and not with age. On the basis of prevalence of RF, low serum HDL-cholesterol and high insulin levels, obese patients must be considered at high risk with respect to the development of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Cardiovascular risk factors and HDL-cholesterol levels in obesity. 701 54

In general, hallux rigidus arthrosis is said to occur in patients suffering from gout more frequently than average, and it should be valued as a symptom of chronic gout. But as a reevaluation of this problem shows, no criteria can be stated as to causal relationship between hyperuricemia (or gout) and hallux rigidus arthrosis. Obesity has to be considered a connecting link between both of them, and it is accelerating their genesis. Hallux rigidus arthrosis represents, like the arthrosis of Heberden the most frequent possibility for confusing it with gout.
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PMID:[Hallux rigidus arthrosis and gout]. 707 72


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