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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epidemiological study in low socioeconomic area of Bangkok, Klong Toey slum residents (n = 976) and apartment house residents (n = 906) of both sexes revealed the prevalence rates of overweight of 25.5% and 30.5%, obesity 10% and 11.1%; hypertension 17.3%; and 14%; diabetes 4.5% and 5.9%; IGT 6.1% and 4.4%; total abnormal GTT 10.6% and 10.3%; hypercholesterolemia 14.1% and 12%; hypertriglyceridemia 24.8% and 22.7%; low HDL-C 3.1% and 1.8%; hyperuricemia 7.7% and 10.4% respectively. The prevalence rates of the related diseases and conditions were increased when BMI was over 25 in both populations except for those with abnormal GTT and hyperuricemia in the slum residents. Concerning risk factors, discriminant analysis disclosed diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and atherogenic index as the first two factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity (BMI greater than 25) in both populations. Restructuring of the health service delivery system and care-taker re-educating together with production of meaningful mass communication media are needed for promotion of health care, prevention of these non-communicable diseases and their sequelae by non-pharmacological approach.
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PMID:The prevalence of obesity, risk factors and associated diseases in Klong Toey slum and Klong Toey government apartment houses. 228 56

We carried out a study of 43 male asymptomatic subjects with high levels of uric acid but showing no signs of arterial hypertension, obesity or alcohol abuse. Initially, we investigated cholesterol levels, triglycerides in blood serum and the very low density lipoprotein fraction. The results showed asymptomatic hyperuricemia, frequently associated with mixed hyperlipidemia or hypertriglyceridemia. In our cases, however, the association was not connected to exogenous factors such as obesity or alcohol consumption. We also found the very low density lipoprotein fraction to be anomalous compared to the control group, which suggests that the metabolism of this lipoprotein is altered by the aforesaid association.
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PMID:Hyperuricemia-hyperlipemia association in the absence of obesity and alcohol abuse. 233 49

Joint studies of the ALIMDA and Society of Actuaries, notably those of 1935, 1959 and 1979, established that there is a progressive rise in cardiovascular mortality with successive increments in blood pressure. This has provided the basis of underwriting. The converse is not true, or at least has not been true until very recently. Drugs that effectively reduce blood pressure have been available for several decades, but reduction and maintenance of blood pressure is still accomplished in only a minority of hypertensives. Long-term trials employing a combination of drugs, i.e., diuretics, vasodilators and reserpine and subsequently beta-blockers, almost without fail have not shown that treatment with these agents significantly reduces heart disease mortality and sudden death. This has been attributed, perhaps without basis, to an unfavorable countering effect of increased lipid levels, aggravating this risk factor, and other undesirable metabolic effect of diuretics, such as hypokalemia and depletion of body magnesium, increasing the propensity to ventricular arrhythmias, hyperglycemia, worsening diabetes, and hyperuricemia. A survey of 674 persons with hypertension seen personally during the period 1985-89, who were under the care of approximately that many physicians, reveals striking changes in drug prescription and use during this brief period that portend a major change in the outlook of hypertension. Two classes of drugs have increased rapidly in popularity: these are the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and the calcium blockers. Both classes of drugs effectively lower blood pressure and have minimal side effects with good compliance. They act not only to reduce peripheral vascular resistance, but also locally in the heart muscle to directly cause left ventricular hypertrophy to regress, an effect of great consequence. The drugs used in former trials such as the vasodilators and diuretics have no effect on left ventricular hypertrophy, unlike the ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists. Left ventricular hypertrophy is the key lesion in hypertension and is only in part due to increased work load imposed by elevated pressure. It is associated with elevated blood pressure, but not closely and occurs independently; ventricular myocytes as well as myocytes of the vasculature being stimulated to growth by angiotensin and calcium, potentiating the effect of norepinephrine. Left ventricular hypertrophy greatly increases the propensity to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death, and is a prime cause of cardiac mortality and sudden death not only in hypertension, but also in obesity, aging and diabetes, in which conditions left ventricular hypertrophy also is very common.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Major new developments affecting treatment and prognosis in hypertension. 235 5

Anthropometric variables were studied in 2,153 healthy children, 1,115 males and 1,038 females, aged 0 to 18 years, of the Fuenlabrada population, Madrid. Height was measured by an anthropometer and weight by a weighting scale. Tricipital and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured by Holtain caliper. Body mass index (kg/m2) and ponderal index (kg/m3) were calculated from weight and height. In the total population skinfold thickness had the highest correlation with total body fat. But, when only obese children (greater than 95 p) were analyzed, other variables like body mass index and ponderal index had also high correlation. Different fatness trends were observed between sexes, although females always were the fattest. In our population the correlation of skinfold thickness, body mass index and ponderal index with lipids, blood pressure, glycemia and uric acid were significant. Obese children and adolescents had nearly a twofold increase in relative risk of arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia and low C-HDL.
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PMID:[The Fuenlabrada study: relationship between anthropometric variables and cardiovascular risk factors]. 239 8

In this double-blind trial, the clinical and biochemical side-effects of cicletanine 150-200 mg/day were compared with those of indapamide 2.5 mg/day in a population of hypertensive with such metabolic disorders as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidaemia or hyperuricaemia. Sixteen patients received cicletanine and 15 indapamide; 2 patients in the indapamide group were excluded, one for undesirable effect, the other for unexpected effect. The two treatments did not produce any significant change in natremia, glycaemia, uricemia, creatininemia or blood lipid level. Kalemia remained stable under cicletanine but was significantly reduced under indapamide, requiring supplementation with potassium salts in 5 patients. Both cicletanine and indapamide proved to be effective as antihypertensive drugs, although blood pressure levels at inclusion were different in each of the two groups.
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PMID:[Cicletanine tolerance in hypertensive patients with metabolic disorders]. 251 53

DHEA, a steroid precursor of androgens and estrogens has also an inhibitory effect on several enzymes, namely on 11 beta-hydroxylase, NADH oxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The latter is the rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate cycle. This metabolic pathway provides the cells with extramitochondrial NADPH and pentose phosphates. NADPH is used for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids. Together with ribose 5-phosphate, NADPH (as coenzyme of folate reductases) is required for the synthesis of nucleic acids. A deficient production of DHEA has been found to be responsible for several diseases obesity, diabetes type 2, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and hyperuricemia as well as malignant growth (low DHEA syndrome). DHEA administration favourably modified several of these metabolic disorders. These studies were started in our laboratory in 1962 and stopped in 1976 because we were short of DHEA. At that time the response to our results was rather theoretical, but the last years a new wave of interest in DHEA called for two consecutive symposia, where important findings were presented (Paris in January and Jena in April 1989). It is a damage that this new trend, started in our laboratory, could not be pursued up to now without interruption.
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PMID:[Dehydroepiandrosterone. Renaissance after 13 years]. 252 67

Rates of elevated urinary albumin concentration, defined as microalbuminuria (30-299 micrograms/ml) and macroalbuminuria (greater than or equal to 300 micrograms/ml), were determined on random morning urine specimens in the population of Nauru, which has a high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of elevated urinary albumin levels in the total Nauruan population was very high: 26 and 30% of men and women, respectively, had microalbuminuria, whereas 13% of both sexes had macroalbuminuria. Of the subjects with macroalbuminuria, 66% had diabetes. The prevalence increased with worsening glucose tolerance; 26% of subjects with normal glucose tolerance had either micro- or macroalbuminuria, increasing to 43% of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, 63% of newly diagnosed diabetic subjects, and 75% of previously diagnosed diabetic subjects. Associations between elevated urinary albumin concentration and putative risk factors were assessed for both the total population (n = 1184) and the diabetic subgroup alone (n = 318). Fasting plasma glucose and hypertension were the most important independent correlates for the whole population, whereas plasma creatinine was also important in diabetic subjects. Age at onset and duration of diabetes were not found to be significantly associated with elevated albumin concentration. In subjects with normal glucose tolerance, hypertension and hyperuricemia were the most important associated factors. These results suggest that blood glucose, blood pressure, and possibly obesity and plasma uric acid are important modifiable risk factors for both micro- and macroalbuminuria in this population.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors for micro- and macroalbuminuria in diabetic subjects and entire population of Nauru. 258 79

We examined hyperuricemia in patients with coronary heart disease. In 85 patients with coronary sclerosis confirmed by coronary angiography, the serum urate level (6.08 +/- 1.60 mg/dL) was not different from that in subjects with normal coronary arteries (6.47 +/- 1.69 mg/dL). The incidence of hyperuricemia in patients with coronary sclerosis was 26%, and was significantly correlated with diuretics, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, but not with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. To elucidate the mechanism of urate metabolism in coronary sclerosis, we separated coronary sclerosis patients without complicating factors into hyperuricemics and normouricemics, and studied urate metabolism in comparison with subjects with normal coronary arteries. We found that normouricemics with coronary sclerosis had decreases in the filtered urate load and urate clearance with a normal urate-creatinine clearance ratio. Hyperuricemics with coronary sclerosis had decreases in urate clearance and urate-creatinine clearance ratios, but the filtered urate load was similar to that in normouricemics. It is suggested that in coronary sclerosis patients, normouricemics had a low glomerular filtration of urate with normal tubular urate transport, whereas hyperuricemics had enhanced tubular reabsorption of urate without any difference of urate filtration from normouricemics.
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PMID:Differences in urate metabolism between normouricemia and hyperuricemia in coronary heart disease in man. 262 19

The fertile woman is generally protected by her hormone status from myocardial infarct. Since the introduction of oral contraceptives, however, isolated cases of myocardial infarct have been observed in young women. Although some authors have assigned a causal effect to oral contraceptives, other studies have indicated a simultaneous occurrence of such risk factors as smoking, high blood pressure and hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). In this study 68 women who had undergone definite myocardial infarct and who had not reached 49 years of age or menopause were studied for the occurrence of these risk factors. None of the patients were found to be without other risk factors. Oral contraceptives, carbohydrate intolerance, hyperuricemia and obesity were never observed as single risk factors. High blood pressure and obesity affected 2 out of 5 under 40 years old, 4 out of 5 between 40-44 years, and 17 out of 18 between 45-49 years. The combination of carbohydrate intolerance and obesity rose in the 3 age groups from 1 in 5 to 2 in 5 to 10 in 18. 86% of the patients with body weight 120% of normal also had high blood pressure. Obesity was always associated with other risk factors among these patients. With a prevalence of 38%, diabetes was an important factor in the 45-49 year group. Before prescribing oral contraceptives, the physician should always determine the presence of other factors such as smoking, HLP, diabetes and obesity and attempt to remove these factors before proceeding with oral contraception.
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PMID:[Profile of cardiovascular risk factors in females with a definitive myocardial infarct up to 49 years of age]. 272 60

Muscle and fat development are regulated by opposite and also cooperating factors. Adipo-muscular ratio is the result of those forces. The need of a determined fat mass and of its corollary a determined muscle mass is an important physiologic parameter. Sexual differentiation is the main factor adipo-muscular ratio. Feminine fat is twice as big as masculine fat: it predominates in the lower body, masculine fat in the upper body. Brachio-femoral adipo-muscular ratio is, among others, a good index of fat sexual differentiation. Android obesity, predominating in both sexes in the upper body, is, with genetic predispositions, the main factor of non insulin dependent diabetes carbohydrate sensitive hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperuricemia, atherosclerosis. Easy determination on fat topography before the age of 30 is, particularly in women, the best tool for an efficacious prophylaxis of obesity's metabolic complications.
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PMID:[Sexual differentiation of the adipose tissue-muscle ratio. Its metabolic impact]. 276 1


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