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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acne inversa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring cutaneous and subcutaneous nodular inflammation, fistula formation and discharge of foul-smelling secretions. The disease can lead to functional impairment and psychological problems. There is inflammation of the terminal hair follicles in intertriginous regions, especially perianal, axillary and inguinal areas. Less often there is submammary, periumbilical, retroauricular or nuchal involvement. Without treatment the disease is chronic and progressive. The causes of acne inversa are multifactorial and pathogenesis is still not well understood. Besides a positive family history, obesity and cigarette smoking are trigger factors. Early diagnosis and therapy of acne inversa saves the patient years of suffering. The most effective treatment is undoubtedly the radical wide excision of the affected areas. Local measures such as radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and cryotherapy have provided little benefit; the same is true for systemic antibiotic treatment or hormonal therapy with anti-androgens. TNF-alpha antagonists seem to have a promising influence on the disease. Further studies investigating the effect of these substances on acne inversa are warranted.
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PMID:Acne inversa. 1809 18

The study investigated the possibility of score inflation in the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory due to underlying medical conditions in respondents. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders provides an exclusionary rule disallowing a diagnosis of social phobia when the fear is based on the presence of a medical condition. A computer-administered procedure, designed to simulate visually this paper-and-pencil inventory was created and compared to the original in a pilot study with r of .94 between the two procedures. Analysis indicates such medically based responding is common among college men and women (N= 127, M age = 19.0). Specifically, 50% of respondents reported 0 or 1 medical condition(s), while those in the fourth quartile averaged 43 medical bases for their responses. The most frequent self-reports of medical conditions were stuttering (2.8%), acne (2.4%), dry mouth (2.1%), obesity (.9%), and scars (.9%). Several possible solutions were discussed in view of the overall conclusion of a substantive basis for medical responding on this inventory.
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PMID:The social phobia and anxiety inventory: problem of underlying medical conditions. 1823 22

Polycystic ovary syndrome affects 5-10% of women in the developed world, making it the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The symptoms typically associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity, subfertility, anovulation and acne can lead to a significant reduction in female life quality.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of polycystic ovary syndrome on quality of life and marital sexual satisfaction. Fifty women with polycystic ovary syndrome were qualified to the study as the research group. The control group consisted of fourty healthy women. A specific questionnaire was used as a research tool in this study. It included the socio-demographic part, polycystic ovary syndrome's symptomatology and validated scales: Polish version of Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). The mean age of researched women was 28.9+/-5.6 years, and in the control group - 30.5+/-5.3 years (p>0.05). Quality of life parameters for women with polycystic ovary syndrome were lower than for the controls in the aspect of: general health (p<0.01), limitations due to physical health (p<0.05), limitations due to emotional problems (p<0.001), social functioning (p<0.01), energy/fatigue (p<0.001) and emotional wellbeing (p<0.01). Studied women showed worse marital sexual functioning (p<0.05). Marital sexual dysfunctions were diagnosed in 28.6% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and in 10.5% of healthy women (p<0.05). Polycystic ovary syndrome decreases quality of life and marital sexual functioning among women. A negative effect of hirsutism severity on general well-being and marital sexual life is also observed.
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PMID:Quality of life and marital sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. 1829 43

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine cause of hirsutism, acne, and pattern alopecia. It is a heterogeneous syndrome of hyperandrogenic anovulation that is typically due to intrinsic ovarian dysfunction, which is often aggravated by insulin-resistant hyperinsulinemia with its risks of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and their complications. Because there are many pitfalls to androgen assays, evaluation for hyperandrogenemia is suggested in women with moderate or severe hirsutism or hirsutism equivalents, menstrual irregularity, acanthosis nigricans, or intractable obesity. An endocrinologic work-up is necessary to rule out other hyperandrogenic disorders that require specific therapy (e.g., virilizing tumors, nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia, and Cushing's syndrome). Ultrasonography helps in the differential diagnosis and may demonstrate the polycystic ovaries that have recently been vetted as an alternative to oligo-anovulation as a diagnostic criterion. Management of PCOS is determined by symptomatology. For those women not desiring pregnancy, the most common therapies are oral contraceptive pills, antiandrogens (contraindicated in the absence of adequate contraception), and insulin-lowering treatments (which have little effect on hirsutism).
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PMID:What every physician should know about polycystic ovary syndrome. 1884 13

The glycemic index (GI) is a ranking system for carbohydrates' effect on blood glucose levels. It compares available carbohydrates gram for gram in individual foods, providing a numerical, evidence-based index of postprandial glycemia. The glycemic load (GL) is a ranking system for carbohydrate content in food portions based on their GI and the portion size. These two markers increasingly are being used to prevent typical diseases of the Western world, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and acne. Data on the efficacy of GI and GL in the treatment of Western population diseases are discussed and critically evaluated, with a particular focus on acne and other skin disorders.
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PMID:Glycemic index, glycemic load, wellness and beauty: the state of the art. 1916 5

Common chronic diseases of Western societies, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, hypertension, obesity, dementia, and allergic diseases are significantly influenced by dietary habits. Cow's milk and dairy products are nutritional staples in most Western societies. Milk and dairy product consumption is recommended by most nutritional societies because of their beneficial effects for calcium uptake and bone mineralization and as a source of valuable protein. However, the adverse long-term effects of milk and milk protein consumption on human health have been neglected. A hypothesis is presented, showing for the first time that milk protein consumption is an essential adverse environmental factor promoting most chronic diseases of Western societies. Milk protein consumption induces postprandial hyperinsulinaemia and shifts the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis to permanently increased IGF-1 serum levels. Insulin/IGF-1 signalling is involved in the regulation of fetal growth, T-cell maturation in the thymus, linear growth, pathogenesis of acne, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, thus affecting most chronic diseases of Western societies. Of special concern is the possibility that milk intake during pregnancy adversely affects the early fetal programming of the IGF-1 axis which will influence health risks later in life. An accumulated body of evidence for the adverse effects of cow's milk consumption from fetal life to childhood, adolescence, adulthood and senescence will be provided which strengthens the presented hypothesis.
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PMID:Milk--the promoter of chronic Western diseases. 1923 75

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is now recognized as a heterogeneous disorder that results in overproduction of androgens, primarily from the ovary, leading to anovulation and hirsutism and is associated with insulin resistance. Long-term sequellae of PCOS include higher risk for diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, endometrial hyperplasia, and anovulatory infertility. Symptoms in the adolescent include oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, and weight gain. Insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes have also been demonstrated in adolescents who have PCOS. Treatment should be instituted early to decrease symptoms and long term sequellae of PCOS. Weight loss, oral contraceptives, and antiandrogens are effective in treating the symptoms of this disorder. Insulin-sensitizing medications have been shown to be effective but should be used with caution until larger randomized trials have shown short- and long term benefits and efficacy over traditional therapies in the adolescent population.
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PMID:Polycystic ovary syndrome in the adolescent. 1934 52

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease affecting a majority of the adolescent population. The objective of this study was to test for a correlation between fasting serum lipid profiles and levels of testosterone, insulin, leptin, and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and the incidence of severe acne vulgaris in obese adolescent females. Four groups of adolescent females were studied: obese with acne, obese without acne, non-obese with acne, and non-obese without acne. Obese females with acne, compared to obese females without acne and non-obese subjects, had significantly higher serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B (apo-B) (mean +/- SD: 197 +/- 13.7 vs 171 +/- 11.5, 128 +/- 8.3 vs 116 +/- 7.7, 96 +/- 13.7 vs 85 +/- 10.3 mg/dL, respectively) but significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo-A1 levels (40 +/- 3.3 vs 33 +/- 3.5 and 126 +/- 12 vs 147 +/- 13 mg/dL). Serum testosterone, insulin and leptin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects with or without acne compared to non-obese females with or without acne (3 +/- 0.5 vs 2.1 +/- 0.47, 15.5 +/- 3.3 vs 11.6 +/- 3, 0.9 +/- 0.2 vs 0.6 +/- 0.15 nmol/mL, respectively). Serum IL-1b was significantly elevated in obese and non-obese subjects with acne compared to subjects without acne; in those without acne, these levels were higher in obese than non-obese subjects (2.4 +/- 0.2, 1.4 +/- 0.1 vs 1.8 +/- 0.12 and 1.3 +/- 0.11 pg/mL, respectively). Our results indicate that there is a relationship between obesity (BMI >27) and acne. By early recognition, the etiology and treatment protocol of acne may prevent unwanted conditions.
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PMID:Changes in the hormone and lipid profile of obese adolescent Saudi females with acne vulgaris. 1944 97

Acne inversa is a chronic, recurring acneiform skin disease with inflammation of the follicular epithelium of the sebaceous glands and the terminal hair follicle. It primarily manifests in the intertriginous areas. So far, the aetiology of acne inversa is unknown. Smoking, amongst others, is being discussed and should be evaluated as a possible aetiological factor. In this study a retrospective investigation was carried out in 100 patients with acne inversa. The parameters; age, BMI, sex, weight, height, location of acne inversa, quantity of smoking, smoking behaviour and the date of initial diagnosis of acne inversa were considered. In most cases, the acne inversa is located in the axillary and inguinal areas. Overall, 96% of the 100 patients had a positive, long standing, on average almost 20-year, smoking history. On average, over 20 cigarettes are smoked daily. Over 50% of the patients are overweight. Merely 26.1% fall into the normal weight category. Our results suggest that especially smoking, but also obesity, may present an aetiologically relevant factor in the origin of acne inversa.
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PMID:Smoking and obesity are associated factors in acne inversa: results of a retrospective investigation in 100 patients. 1952 85

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent, painful, deep-seated, rounded nodules and abscesses of apocrine gland-bearing skin. Subsequent suppuration, sinus tracts and hypertrophic scarring are its main features. Onset is usually after puberty, although it is most common during the third decade and may persist in old age. The disease tends to be chronic and may develop to subcutaneous extension leading to indurations, sinus, and fistula having a profound impact on the quality of life. The prevalence is 1% in several studies. Axillary and inguinal involvement is more common in females; peri-anal and buttocks localizations are prevalent in males. The exact aetiology remains unknown. The primary event is a follicular occlusion with secondary inflammation, infection and destruction of the pilo-sebaceo-apocrine apparatus and extension to the adjacent sub-cutaneous tissue. Infection is common. Smoking may be a triggering factor. Obesity aggravates the discomfort. Differential diagnostic includes Crohn's disease, nodular acne and furonculosis. The main complications are arthropathy, carcinoma. Treatment depends upon the stage of the disease. Early nodular lesions may be treated by antibiotics for acute stage; long-term antibiotics, zinc salts may be useful as maintenance treatment; anti-TNF drugs have been used in severe cases; systemic steroids, estrogens, anti-androgens, retinoids have been used as options with limited success. Surgical treatment includes incision with or without drainage for limited abscesses; limited excisions are used for locally recurring draining sinuses. Total wide excision and healing with secondary intention or flaps and grafts is the only curative procedure in case of advanced disease.
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PMID:Hidradenitis suppurativa. 1968 81


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