Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insulin-sensitizing agents have been recently proposed as the therapy of choice for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), since insulin resistance and associated hyperinsulinemia are recognized as important pathogenetic factors of the syndrome. Moreover, since almost all obese PCOS women and more than half of those of normal weight are insulin resistant, and therefore present some degree of hyperinsulinemia, the use of insulin sensitizers should be suggested in most patients with PCOS. Insulin sensitizer treatment has been associated with a reduction in serum androgen levels and gonadotropins, and with an improvement in serum lipids and in prothrombotic factor plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1, whatever the insulin sensitizer used. This therapy has also been associated with a decrease in hirsutism and acne, and with a regulation of menses and an improvement of ovulation and fertility. Notable improvements in all these parameters have also been described after a change in lifestyle approach, particularly in the presence of obesity. Lifestyle interventions should therefore be combined with insulin sensitizers in PCOS when obesity is present.
 ...
PMID:Insulin-sensitizing agents in polycystic ovary syndrome. 1672 33

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex phenotypic spectrum of primarily hyperandrogenic signs and symptoms. PCOS is the most common endocrine disturbance to affect women of reproductive years. Although patients affected are often very disturbed by the cutaneous manifestations, including acne, hirsutism, alopecia, obesity, and acanthosis nigricans, the clinical manifestations of PCOS ramify far beyond the skin. PCOS frequently causes menstrual abnormalities and infertility. Insulin resistance is both pathogenic and a cause of numerous serious health consequences. The accurate diagnosis and recognition of cutaneous hyperandrogenism in PCOS are discussed. The differential diagnosis is reviewed. The work-up and approach to evaluation of patients with PCOS is presented. Although no uniform treatment approach for the management of the cutaneous manifestations of PCOS has been agreed upon, the data on various treatment options and the author's treatment approach to these patients are presented.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and management of the dermatologic manifestations of the polycystic ovary syndrome. 1700 97

HAIR-AN syndrome is a subphenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome and is characterized by acne, obesity, hirsutism, and acanthosis nigricans. It usually manifests in early adolescence, a time of significant developmental change in females across physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. We contend that adolescent development for females is difficult, even in the best of circumstances, and having a chronic health condition, like HAIR-AN syndrome, will likely impact the afflicted individual's development and psychological well-being. While many researchers have discussed the long-term health effects of HAIR-AN and similar disorders, little has been written about the potential psychological sequelae of HAIR-AN on the adolescent girl. We discuss the normal developmental sequence for adolescent girls across early, middle, and late adolescence; discuss common mental health problems that adolescents experience; define HAIR-AN syndrome and its clinical manifestations; and discuss its likely psychological impact on adolescent girls. We also make suggestions for future clinical interventions and research in the area of HAIR-AN syndrome and its psychological sequelae.
 ...
PMID:Navigating adolescence with a chronic health condition: a perspective on the psychological effects of HAIR-AN syndrome on adolescent girls. 1707 87

Esterification of sterols, fatty acids and other alcohols into biologically inert forms conserves lipid resources for many cellular functions. Paradoxically, the accumulation of neutral lipids such as cholesteryl ester or triglyceride, is linked to several major disease pathologies. In a remarkable example of genetic expansion, there are at least eleven acyltransferase reactions that lead to neutral lipid production. In this review, we speculate that the complexity and apparent redundancy of neutral lipid synthesis may actually hasten rather than impede the development of novel, isoform-specific, therapeutic interventions for acne, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of triglyceride metabolism. I. Eukaryotic neutral lipid synthesis: "Many ways to skin ACAT or a DGAT". 1709 52

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive-age women. It often presents during late adolescence but in some cases certain features are evident even before menarche. PCOS is a spectrum of disorders with any combination of oligo/anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical evidence of androgen excess, obesity, insulin resistance and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. The pathogenesis is unknown; however, it is a complex multigenetic disorder where disordered gonadotropin release, dysregulation of steroidogenesis, hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance play a role. The diagnosis is based on a typical physical exam (acne, hirsutism, obesity, and acanthosis nigricans) and laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenism, such as elevated free testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and increased luteinizing hormone (LH). An ovarian ultrasound may detect the multiple cysts. Secondary causes of PCOS need to be excluded. There are several classes of medications correcting different parameters of PCOS that can be used alone or in combination. Oral contraceptive therapy is used to reduce androgen and LH levels with resultant improvement in acne and hirsutism, and the induction of regular menses. Antiandrogens are usually required for a substantial improvement in hirsutism score. Insulin sensitizers such as metformin are a new class of drugs utilized in treatment of PCOS. By improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing insulin levels, they improve the unfavorable metabolic profile of patients with PCOS. Metformin also helps to increase SHBG, decrease androgen levels and induce ovulation. Despite all the available medications, life-style changes are the mainstay of therapy as weight loss and exercise improve all parameters of PCOS without the potential side effects of medication.
 ...
PMID:Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome in youth. 1742 8

The polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women. It is a heterogeneous familial condition of uncertain aetiology. The diagnosis is made by the detection of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound examination and the occurrence of single or multiple clinical features such as menstrual cycle disturbances, obesity, acne, hirsutism, alopecia and biochemical abnormalities such as hypersecretion of luteinising hormone and testosterone. In a significant number of women with this condition there is impaired insulin metabolism. Women with the polycystic ovary syndrome are at an increased risk of developing diabetes and possibly cardiovascular disease in later life. The management should be symptom-orientated. Menstrual cycle regulation may be attained with the combined oral contraceptive pill or cyclical progestogen therapy. In obese women, with the loss of weight, the symptoms and endocrine profile are generally improved. Short-term treatment with metformin may be useful in women with insulin resistance. Hyperandrogenism may be treated with the contraceptive pill containing cyproterone acetate or with short-term low-dose anti-androgen therapy, together with effective contraception. Ovulation may be induced with clomiphene citrate with careful monitoring, failing which low-dose gonadotrophin therapy or laparoscopic ovarian diathermy are effective options.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic options in the polycystic ovary syndrome. 1745 55

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects about one in 15 women worldwide. The major endocrine disruption is excessive androgen secretion or activity, and a large proportion of women also have abnormal insulin activity. Many body systems are affected in polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in several health complications, including menstrual dysfunction, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Women with this disorder have an established increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a still debated increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The diagnostic traits of polycystic ovary syndrome are hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, after exclusion of other conditions that cause these same features. A conclusive definition of the disorder and the importance of the three diagnostic criteria relative to each other remain controversial. The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown, but studies suggest a strong genetic component that is affected by gestational environment, lifestyle factors, or both.
 ...
PMID:Polycystic ovary syndrome. 1772 20

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrinopathy, affecting 5-10% of the female population. It involves overproduction of ovarian androgens leading to a heterogeneous range of symptoms including hirsutism, acne, anovulation and infertility. Hyperinsulinaemia, exacerbated by obesity, is often a key feature. Treatment depends on the presenting symptoms, which may often be ameliorated by weight loss where relevant. Anti-androgen preparations are used for hyperandrogenic symptoms, and clomiphene citrate (CC) is the first-line treatment for anovulation and infertility. Aromatase inhibitors are being investigated as an alternative to CC. Failure to conceive with CC can be treated in a number of ways, including the addition of insulin-lowering agents (mainly metformin), low-dose gonadotrophin therapy or surgically by laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Although the exact aetiology of PCOS is not known, the therapeutic alternatives provide reasonably successful symptomatic treatment.
 ...
PMID:Polycystic ovary syndrome. 1780 99

The symptoms typically associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) such as acne, hirsutism, irregular menses, amenorrhoea, obesity and subfertility are a major source of psychological morbidity and can negatively affect quality of life (QoL). We systematically searched the literature to identify the impact of symptoms and treatments for PCOS on health-related QoL (HRQoL) and to report on the types and psychometric properties of the instruments used. Papers were retrieved by systematically searching four electronic databases and hand searching relevant reference lists and bibliographies. Nineteen papers used a standardized questionnaire to measure health status; of these 12 (63.2%) used generic tools and 8 (42%) used the disease-specific PCOS questionnaire. Although a meta-analysis was not possible, it appears that weight concerns have a particular negative impact upon HRQoL, although the role of body mass index in affecting HRQoL scores is inconclusive from the available evidence. Acne is the area least reported upon in terms of its impact upon HRQoL. With the exception of three studies, most of the research has focused upon adult women with PCOS. Despite the benefits of HRQoL measures in research, few are being used to evaluate the outcomes of treatment for PCOS upon the subjective health status of women with the condition.
 ...
PMID:Health-related quality of life measurement in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. 1790 57

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 5-10% of women. It is characterised by androgenisation and anovulation, with sufferers being at increased risk of metabolic problems such as noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. An increased risk of cardiovascular disease is speculated. Clinically, sufferers may experience acne, obesity, hirsutism and/or male pattern baldness.
 ...
PMID:The psychosocial experience of women with PCOS--a case control study. 1804 88


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>