Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and disabling disease resulting from a combination of risk factors, including advancing age, genetics, trauma, knee malalignment, increased biomechanical loading of joints through obesity, augmented bone density and an imbalance in physiological processes resulting in catabolic cascades on a molecular level. This review will highlight the involvement early in the disease process of not only the cartilage but also the synovial membrane and subchondral bone and the pathophysiological mechanisms of each of these tissues that lead to joint degeneration. We will summarize the current pathological mechanisms that occur in the abovementioned articular tissues, and briefly discuss their interconnections during OA.
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PMID:Is osteoarthritis a disease involving only cartilage or other articular tissues? 2030 55

The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) appears to be the result of a complex interplay between mechanical, cellular and biochemical forces. Obesity is the strongest risk factor for disease onset in the knee, and mechanical factors dominate the risk for disease progression. OA is a highly prevalent and disabling disease. The current pre-eminent focus in OA research and clinical practice is on persons with established radiographic symptomatic disease. This is the very end-stage of disease genesis, and modern therapies hence are largely palliative. In an effort to mitigate the rising tide of increasing OA prevalence and disease impact, we need to focus more on preventing the onset of disease and modifying the structural progression of OA. Greater therapeutic attention to the important role of mechanical factors, joint injury and obesity in OA etiopathogenesis, is required if we are to find ways of reducing the public health impact of this condition.
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PMID:Osteoarthritis. 2226 62

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent and disabling disease affecting an increasingly large swathe of the world population. While clinical osteoarthritis is a late-stage condition for which disease-modifying opportunities are limited, osteoarthritis typically develops over decades, offering a long window of time to potentially alter its course. The etiology of osteoarthritis is multifactorial, showing strong associations with highly modifiable risk factors of mechanical overload, obesity and joint injury. As such, characterization of pre-osteoarthritic disease states will be critical to support a paradigm shift from palliation of late disease towards prevention, through early diagnosis and early treatment of joint injury and degeneration to reduce osteoarthritis risk. Joint trauma accelerates development of osteoarthritis from a known point in time. Human joint injury cohorts therefore provide a unique opportunity for evaluation of pre-osteoarthritic conditions and potential interventions from the earliest stages of degeneration. This review focuses on recent advances in imaging and biochemical biomarkers suitable for characterization of the pre-osteoarthritic joint as well as implications for development of effective early treatment strategies.
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PMID:Early diagnosis to enable early treatment of pre-osteoarthritis. 2268 69

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and disabling disease. Because of improved treatment of chronic diseases and lower mortality from infectious diseases, the US population is aging, and older Americans are living with disabling conditions, including hip OA. The projected number of older adults with arthritis or other chronic musculoskeletal joint symptoms is expected to nearly double, from 21.4 million in 2005 to 41.1 million by 2030. The burden of hip OA is increasing due to the aging population and the obesity crisis; as a result, the need for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is expected to grow 174%, to 572,000 primary THAs per year by 2030 in the United States. Prior projections appear to have underestimated the actual number of primary and revision THAs that are in demand.
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PMID:The burden of hip osteoarthritis in the United States: epidemiologic and economic considerations. 2381 85

To evaluate comprehensively the distribution of established risk factors of stroke among Bangladeshi patients. This is an observational study. It involved 8400 stroke patients from different hospitals in Bangladesh over a period of sixteen years. Common established risk factors of stroke e.g. age, sex, family history, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, smoking, obesity, dyslipidaemia, alcoholism, use of oral contraceptive pill, lack of fresh fruit consumption etc. were evaluated in these patients through a preformed questionnaire and data were analyzed. Majority of the stroke events occurred after the age of forty (82.3%) and the ischemic stroke (72%) is the most common. Apart from non modifiable risk factors (advancing age, sex, Family history of stroke) hypertension was the most common modifiable risk factor found in stroke patients (57.6%) followed by smoking (44.6%), tobacco use (24.3%), OCP use in female (40% of female stroke), diabetes (23%), ischemic heart disease (17.1%), obesity (10.6%) and dyslipidaemia (5.3%). Lack of fresh fruit consumption and alcoholism were found in some of the patients. Stroke is common after the age of forty. Ischemic events are commonest type of stroke. Hypertension, smoking, tobacco use, diabetes and ischemic heart disease were five most common risk factors of stroke. Outlining the common stroke risk factors in our settings, may help the physicians and care givers in managing this disabling disease properly.
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PMID:Stroke in Bangladeshi patients and risk factor. 2517 5

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest non-traumatic disabling disease to affect young adults. The incidence of MS is increasing worldwide, together with the socioeconomic impact of the disease. The underlying cause of MS and mechanisms behind this increase remain opaque, although complex gene-environment interactions almost certainly play a significant role. The epidemiology of MS indicates that low serum levels of vitamin D, smoking, childhood obesity and infection with the Epstein-Barr virus are likely to play a role in disease development. Changes in diagnostic methods and criteria mean that people with MS can be diagnosed increasingly early in their disease trajectory. Alongside this, treatments for MS have increased exponentially in number, efficacy and risk. There is now the possibility of a diagnosis of 'pre-symptomatic MS' being made; as a result potentially preventive strategies could be studied. In this comprehensive review, MS epidemiology, potential aetiological factors and pathology are discussed, before moving on to clinical aspects of MS diagnosis and management.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis - a review. 3030 Apr 57


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