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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the reliability and validity of binge eating disorder (BED), which has been proposed for inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ([DSM] 4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, in press). The interrater reliability of the BED diagnosis compared favorably with that of most diagnoses in the revised third edition of the DSM. To assess validity, we compared obese individuals with and without BED and bulimia nervosa patients. BED subjects differed from the non-BED obese group on variables related to dieting and weight histories but did not differ significantly on other important variables, including measures of psychopathology. When compared with bulimia nervosa patients, subjects with BED had significantly less psychopathology and reported significantly less dietary restraint. This study lends some support to the concept of BED but suggests that additional studies of the characteristics of this disorder at different degrees of obesity would be useful.
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PMID:Binge eating disorder: reliability and validity of a new diagnostic category. 820 Oct 77

A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to address the possible association of fluoxetine with violence or aggression. Data from the United States Investigational New Drug Clinical Trial Databases for approved and potential indications (depression, obesity, bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder, smoking cessation, alcoholism; n = 3992) were evaluated. Statistically significantly fewer fluoxetine-treated patients (0.15%) than placebo-treated patients (0.65%) experienced events suggestive of aggression (hostility, personality disorder, antisocial reaction). A relative risk analysis indicated that aggression events were four times more likely to occur in placebo-treated patients than in fluoxetine-treated patients. Although the possibility that some rare phenomenon was not detected cannot be excluded, this meta-analysis did not show fluoxetine to be associated with an increased risk of emergence of violent or aggressive behaviour.
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PMID:Fluoxetine not associated with increased aggression in controlled clinical trials. 827 48

Typical DSM-III-R bulimia nervosa with self-induced vomiting was found in 2 women of Hong Kong Chinese origin and a Chinese man from Malaysia. All 3 cases had a family history of obesity. In 2 of the cases a period of weight gain and in the third case frank obesity preceded the onset of the eating disorder. Cultural transition seemed to play an important part in the onset and maintenance of the eating disorder.
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PMID:Bulimia nervosa in the Chinese. 829 34

Using the 40-item Eating Attitudes Test and other self-report questions, a two-stage screening survey of 1020 (F 646, M 374) Chinese bilingual university students in Hong Kong showed that although female students were 'underweight' by Western standard, the majority of them and nearly all female students above a body mass index of 20.5 kg/m2 were cognitively inclined to diet and weigh less, albeit without being driven to actual weight control behaviour. In contrast, most male students and a minority of constitutionally thin female students clearly wished to gain weight. While a number of items were culturally inappropriate, factor analysis supported the overall cross-cultural conceptual validity of the EAT. The principal factor, reflecting dieting concerns, correlated positively with the current body mass index. Among the high scorers, only three female students with partial syndrome bulimia nervosa were identified, yielding a low prevalence of 0.46% for the spectrum of eating disorders. It is argued that the desire for slimness is widespread but its intensity and pathogenic potentiality vary across cultures. In the relative absence of obesity, it may not lead to more eating disorder.
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PMID:How abnormal is the desire for slimness? A survey of eating attitudes and behaviour among Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong. 833 60

The goal of the study was to contribute empirical data to the discussion of appropriate diagnostic classification of obese and nonobese, binging, and nonbinging eating disordered patients. The study consists of two parts: (1) patients with binge eating disorder (BED) (N = 22) are compared to a matched sample of patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and to 16 patients with obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30). These patient groups were cross-sectionally assessed using expert ratings (interview) and self-ratings. (2) A sample of 68 patients with BED were assessed longitudinally on admission and discharge of inpatient treatment and at a 3-year follow-up using the same instruments as in the first study. The study is the first to report longitudinal data on patients with BED. The general pattern of the cross-sectional data was that patients with BN not only had higher scores concerning disturbances of eating behavior and attitude but also for general psychopathology when compared to patients with obesity without marked binges. The scores of patients with BED had an intermediate position between BN and obesity but were closer to BN than to obesity. The BED group (and the obesity group) showed a high degree of body dissatisfaction, which, however, was accounted for by their high body weight. Concerning general psychopathology BED as well as BN had significantly higher scores than the obesity group in the Hopkin's Symptom Checklist (SCL) subscale anger and hostility, in the Complaint List, the PERI Demoralization Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results of the longitudinal study with BED showed marked improvement in specific and general psychopathology over time. Except for body weight this improvement largely persisted over the 3-year follow-up period. Severity of depression did not predict the course of body weight over time. Data are presented concerning the design of diagnostic criteria for eating disturbed patients not fitting criteria for BN or anorexia nervosa (AN). Arguments pro and contra the introduction of a new BED category in psychiatric diagnostic criteria are discussed. Although there is generally a need for developing or revising the diagnostic criteria for recurrent bingers, our data do not support inclusion of BED (as presently defined) as a separate diagnostic category in DSM-IV.
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PMID:Recurrent overeating: an empirical comparison of binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and obesity. 833 91

In this report an overview is given of the contribution of cognitive approaches to behavioral medicine. The (possible) contribution of cognitive therapy is reviewed in the area of coronary heart disease, obesity, bulimia nervosa, chronic pain, benign headache, cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus and asthma. Although the relative contribution of cognitive therapy varies across these various disorders, its positive effects are now well established and new advances undoubtedly will be made in the next few years.
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PMID:Cognitive interventions in behavioral medicine. 841 88

There has been recent interest in the possibility of dividing bulimia nervosa into two subtypes based on the method of weight prevention utilized by the individual. In an attempt to see if such a division is justified, this study compared 54 purging bulimics with 69 nonpurging bulimics ascertained from a population-based register of Virginia female twins. A bulimic was defined as a "purger" if she engaged in vomiting or laxative abuse. These two groups were examined on a variety of demographic, weight, and personality measures after controlling for the presence of obesity. No significant differences were found between the two groups on any of the variables examined.
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PMID:Bulimia nervosa: a population-based study of purgers versus nonpurgers. 847 98

The prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) was assessed in 68 massively obese patients prior to and following biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) for obesity. The eating behavior and the psychological traits were evaluated by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Since after BPD the body weight regulation is substantially dependent on intestinal absorption, the individuals operated on have to be considered as absolutely free eaters. In this population, 30 patients were affected by BED and in 24 of them binge eating disappeared spontaneously following BPD, highlighting the main role of preoccupation with food, diet and overweight in causing or in maintaining BED.
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PMID:Binge eating following biliopancreatic diversion for obesity. 856 89

Participants were 130 obese women with a mean age of 41.1 +/- 8.4 years and a mean weight of 97.9 +/- 13.5 kg, who reported having undertaken a mean lifetime total of 4.7 +/- 1.2 major diets on which they had lost a mean total of 45.9 +/- 21.4 kg. Participants with a severe history of weight cycling had a significantly younger age of onset of their obesity than did mild cyclers and reported initiating dieting at a significantly younger age and lower weight. No evidence, however, was found that weight cycling was associated with greater reports of depression or other psychopathology; nor was it associated with a significantly greater frequency of binge eating disorder. The results are discussed in terms of the need to use additional measures of psychological functioning.
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PMID:Psychosocial consequences of weight cycling. 869 53

The present study examined the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) among 192 obese individuals seeking treatment in a university-based eating disorders program. Subjects responded to a self-report questionnaire on the presence and severity of binge eating and were divided into two groups: (a) 48 non-binge eaters and (b) 144 binge eaters, 72 of whom met criteria for BED. Binge eaters reported earlier onset of obesity, higher levels of psychopathology, and less competence in relation to weight control. Comparison between the 72 individuals diagnosed with BED and the 72 binge eaters not meeting BED criteria indicated that the former group evidenced more severe binge eating and a higher level of depression. Given the differences across a range of psychological variables between binge eaters and non-binge eaters, these findings support the clinical and research value of BED as a new diagnostic category. However, they also indicate that severity of binge eating, regardless of frequency and associated behavioral features, is the most important distinguishing characteristic. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate threshold for BED diagnosis.
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PMID:The clinical significance of binge eating in an obese population: support for bed and questions regarding its criteria. 872 8


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