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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine male patients with bulimia nervosa, accounting for one in 24 bulimic patients attending a clinic for eating disorders, are described. Symptomatology and demographic characteristics were similar in males and females. A history of either anorexia nervosa or obesity was always present, and a chronic course was seen in 6 patients. Five of the men showed atypical sexuality.
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PMID:Bulimia nervosa in the male: a report of nine cases. 382 97

Instructions for self-treatment, whether printed, presented via computer or by audiovisual means, are effective in the management of phobias, panic disorder, other anxieties, depression, bulimia nervosa, obesity, alcohol problems, nicotine abuse, myocardial infarction, AIDS, compliance problems and the counseling of patients' relatives. A lasting improvement has been shown for up to 7 years. The mechanisms of effective self-change are discussed.
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PMID:[Help with self-care]. 754 90

Binge eating disorder (BED) identified in adulthood is often clinically associated with obesity and a lifetime history of affective disorders. Several authors have suggested that dieting may predispose individuals to binge eating which then may lead to obesity. However, few BED studies have examined the chronology of the onset of binge eating, dieting, obesity, and mood disorders. This study evaluated retrospective reports from 30 women participating in a BED treatment study. Although the majority of subjects in this adult sample were obese, initiation of binge eating behavior usually occurred during adolescence at a time when most subjects reported being of normal weight. Obesity developed several years after the age of onset of meeting BED criteria. Onset of binge eating usually predated that of dieting or major depressive disorder in the majority of subjects. The results support the importance of early intervention for binge eating.
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PMID:Onset of binge eating, dieting, obesity, and mood disorders among subjects seeking treatment for binge eating disorder. 762 Apr 80

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by a bulimic binge eating pattern without the compensatory behaviors of purging or laxative abuse. It is often associated with obesity. The treatment response characteristics are more like bulimia than other forms of obesity. We have shown the opiate antagonist naltrexone to attenuate bulimia nervosa in controlled clinical trials. We report here a response to naltrexone in a subject with BED similar to that previously reported for the larger population of bulimic subjects. Three consecutive periods of drug, placebo and double dose drug were used, with the order of the first two periods double blind until after the data analysis. Symptoms were reduced in the naltrexone compared to placebo period. Statistical significance was demonstrated using time series analysis for this 'n of one' study. Psychotherapy was carried out throughout all periods. Naltrexone plus psychotherapy may be more efficient than psychotherapy alone.
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PMID:Binge eating disorder: response to naltrexone. 773 42

The main forms of eating disorders are anorexia and bulimia nervosa and obesity. The clinical features, aetiology, treatment and prognosis of anorexia and bulimia nervosa are described to highlight the similarities and differences between these two conditions. Both conditions affect predominantly the young female population with body image disturbance as one of the core symptoms. Whilst the body weight of anorexics are by definition low, most bulimics have normal or near normal body weight. Sufferers of anorexia nervosa tend to deny their illness while those with bulimia are often miserable and acutely aware of their eating difficulties. The aetiological factors in both conditions overlap to a large extent. The outcome of treatment for bulimia is reportedly better than that of anorexia nervosa. Obese people often become depressed and anxious as a result of low self-esteem causing them to seek psychiatric treatment. The severely obese who are placed on very low calorie diets may develop adverse emotional disturbances whilst weight gain may follow a major depressive illness or develop as a side effect of psychotropic medications. A subgroup of the obese population engage in frequent binge eating and preliminary criteria are being developed for this condition called "binge eating disorder". Behaviour therapy is the treatment of choice for obesity. Other forms of treatment include individual and group psychotherapy, use of appetite suppressants and in the severely obese, surgical methods.
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PMID:Eating disorders. 776 92

To test the hypothesis that endogenous opiate peptides selectively influence hedonic response to sweet and high-fat foods, the opiate antagonist naloxone, opiate agonist butorphanol, and a saline placebo were administered by intravenous infusion to 16 obese and 25 normal-weight women. Twenty of the women (10 obese, 10 lean) fulfilled DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, as determined by psychiatric interview. During drug infusion the women tasted and rated 20 sweetened dairy products and were presented with eight snack foods of varying sugar and fat content. Naloxone suppressed hedonic responses in all subject groups and suppressed the consumption of sweet and high-fat foods in binge eaters, but not in nonbingers. Food intakes of obese women were not affected by naloxone. Butorphanol had no effect on either hedonic response or on food consumption in any group. Although opiate blockade is not a viable strategy for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity, it may be useful in the clinical management of the binge-eating disorder.
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PMID:Naloxone, an opiate blocker, reduces the consumption of sweet high-fat foods in obese and lean female binge eaters. 776 18

This chapter emphasized new directions being pursued in the behavioural treatment of obesity. Behavioural weight-loss programmes are being strengthened by their increased emphasis on low fat intake and exercise, by more direct intervention on behavioural antecedents and consequences of eating, by the use of very low calorie diets (VLCDs) and by the adoption of a chronic disease model and the concomitant lengthening of treatment programmes. With these approaches, initial weight losses of 10-20 kg can be achieved, and maintenance of weight losses of 5-10 kg can be expected. Treatments may also be strengthened by the identification of subgroups of the obese. Recently, progress has been made in this area with the description of a subgroup of the obese who have severe problems with binge eating. Binge eating disorder has been proposed as a new diagnostic category for DSM-IV. From 20 to 45% of the obese who present for treatment suffer from such problems. Obese binge eaters have worse mood and more psychopathology than obese people who do not binge eat, and are more likely to drop out of behavioural weight-control treatments. Although binge eaters may regain weight faster than non-binge eaters, both short- and long-term weight loss of binge eaters and non-binge eaters appear quite similar. Treatments have been identified that show promise in ameliorating binge eating for these patients, but these treatments have not produced weight loss. Although there has recently been concern about the possible negative effects of dieting on mood state, participation in behavioural weight-loss programmes is not associated with worsening mood in obese patients. No psychological variables have distinguished obese from non-obese individuals. Nonetheless, there is substantial prejudice against the obese. Awareness of this prejudice can lead to more sensitive and appropriate treatments for the problem of obesity.
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PMID:Behavioural and psychosocial aspects of obesity and its treatment. 798 Mar 52

With Russell's description of bulimia nervosa in 1979, followed by the DSM-III diagnosis of bulimia, a "new" eating syndrome found its official acceptance in the scientific world. In the two preceding decades clinicians and researchers gradually payed more attention to special forms of overeating. In the 1970s the nosographic conceptualizations of binge eating, bulimia, compulsive eating, or hyperorexia clearly shifted from a symptom level--closely connected to anorexia nervosa and/or obesity--to a syndrome level. Around the same time and independently from one another, clinicians from different countries proposed various descriptive labels for this new diagnostic entity, which, finally, became accepted as bulimia nervosa.
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PMID:Emergence of bulimia nervosa as a separate diagnostic entity: review of the literature from 1960 to 1979. 798 45

This study examined the relationship between characteristics of alexithymia and eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity) in a nonclinical sample of 308 college women. Scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale were mostly unrelated to a weight index, which assessed subjects' deviation from their expected weight, but were correlated with subjects' scores on the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). EDI scores were related to the affective deficits of alexithymia (difficulty identifying and communicating feelings), but not to the cognitive disturbance associated with alexithymia.
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PMID:Characteristics of alexithymia and eating disorders in college women. 799 72

Obese female subjects with binge eating disorder BED; (N = 107) completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Symptom Checklist-90, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Subjects were divided into moderate or severe binger on the basis of scores on the Binge Eating Scale, and grouped into moderately or severely obese by performing a median split on their weights. Spearman correlational analyses were performed to determine the relationship between psychopathology and obesity and psychopathology and binge eating. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were then performed using scores on the psychological measures with subjects grouped both by severity of obesity and severity of binge eating. The results indicated that in our sample, obesity and scores on the measures of psychiatric symptomatology were unrelated. However, a significant positive relationship was found between binge eating severity and degree of psychiatric symptomatology. We suggest that binge eating may account for the observed relationship between obesity and psychopathology reported in previous studies. We discuss the importance of assessing BED when conducting research with obese individuals.
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PMID:Obesity, binge eating and psychopathology: are they related? 812 27


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