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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Duodenum electrical stimulation (DES) has been shown to delay gastric emptying and reduce food intake in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DES on gastric emptying, small bowel transit and food intake in pigs, a large animal model of obesity. The study consisted of three experiments (gastric emptying, small bowel transit, and food intake) in pigs implanted with internal duodenal electrodes for DES and one or two duodenal cannulas for gastric emptying and small bowel transit. We found that (i) gastric emptying was dose-dependently delayed by DES of different stimulation parameters; (ii) small bowel transit was significantly accelerated with continuous DES in proximal intestine but not with intermittent DES; (iii) DES significantly reduced body weight gain with 100% duty cycle (DC), but not with DES with 40% DC. A marginal difference was noted in food intake among 100% DC session, 40% DC session, and control session. DES with long pulses energy-dependently inhibits gastric emptying in pigs. DES with appropriate parameters accelerates proximal small bowel transit in pigs. DES reduces body weight gain in obese pigs, and this therapeutic effect on obesity is mediated by inhibiting gastric emptying and food intake, and may also possibly by accelerating intestinal transit. DES may have a potential application to treat patients with obesity.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011 Feb
PMID:Duodenum electrical stimulation delays gastric emptying, reduces food intake and accelerates small bowel transit in pigs. 2094 18

The gut microbiota may have an impact on obesity. To date, the majority of studies in obese patients reported microbiota composition in stool samples. The aim of this study was to investigate the duodenal mucosa dysbiosis in adult obese individuals from Campania, a region in Italy with a very high percentage of obese people, to highlight microbial taxa likely associated with obesity. Duodenum biopsies were taken during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 19 obese (OB) and 16 lean control subjects (CO) and microbiome studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Duodenal microbiome in our groups consisted of six phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. Proteobacteria (51.1% vs. 40.1%) and Firmicutes (33.6% vs. 44.9%) were significantly (p < 0.05) more and less abundant in OB compared with CO, respectively. Oribacterium asaccharolyticum, Atopobium parvulum and Fusobacterium nucleatum were reduced (p < 0.01) and Pseudomonadales were increased (p < 0.05) in OB compared with CO. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed Atopobium and Oribacterium genera able to discriminate with accuracy (power = 75% and 78%, respectively) OB from CO. In conclusion, increased Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae) characterized the duodenal microbiome of obese subjects. These data direct to further studies to evaluate the functional role of the dysbiotic-obese-associated signature.
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PMID:Characterization of the Duodenal Mucosal Microbiome in Obese Adult Subjects by 16S rRNA Sequencing. 3223 77