Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dietary intake has been hypothesized as being associated with several hormonally related cancers including prostate, breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. Because diet may affect hormones directly, it is logical to examine the effects of dietary factors on hormone production and levels. Therefore, a set of 72 male MZ and 83 male DZ twin pairs was ascertained from the Utah birth certificates. A quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered and blood samples were drawn for hormonal assays. Heritability estimates for hormonal levels were calculated indicating a range from no heritability for sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estrone, and testosterone glucuronide to 70% for androstanediol glucuronide and luteinizing hormone. To examine nutritional factors, the difference in hormone and SHBG levels between each MZ twin and his co-twin were correlated with the difference in nutrient intake. Weight and obesity were significantly correlated with plasma testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone. Fat intake showed a significant association with testosterone. Androstanediol glucuronide, a steroid that reflects tissue formation of dihydrotestosterone, was inversely correlated with caloric intake, theobromine and caffeine. Testosterone glucuronide exhibited significant correlations with calories and vitamin A. This study suggests that dietary intake affects plasma sex-steroid levels in men.
 ...
PMID:The effect of nutritional factors on sex hormone levels in male twins. 336 Mar 2

During the last two decades, in the GDR the incidence rate of endometrial carcinoma increased from 17.3 to 23.7/100,000 women. Because the increase was strictly limited to women older than 55 years, a real increase of endometrial cancer risk of younger women seems to be unlikely. As consequences of the relatively high rate of cases detected at stage I (68%) and of improved therapeutic results (overall relative 5-YSR 77%), the mortality rate remained nearly stable and amounted to 9.5/100,000 women in 1983 (4% of overall cancer mortality in females). --Obesity, hypertension, nulliparity and long-term intake of estrogens are the most important risk factors for endometrial cancer providing support for the unopposed estrogen hypothesis of the etiology of endometrial cancer. --In a few investigations, screening asymptomatic women resulted in earlier detection of occult endometrial carcinomas, but up to now there have been considerable lack of informations about cost-benefit-risk relations. Mass screening for endometrial cancer therefore can not be recommended. Women at high risk are suggested to have regular gynaecological examinations and if acceptable endometrial biopsies by suction curettage.
 ...
PMID:[Epidemiology and early detection of endometrial cancer]. 349

The epidemiology and risk factors for endometrial cancer are reviewed, with current data. Obesity seems to be the main risk factor for this neoplasia, both because it is very common in the female population, and because the other risk factor (i.e. estrogen replacement therapy) has almost disappeared with the addition of progesterone therapy. The pathogenesis of obesity as risk factor, although it is not completely clear and unique, is examined.
 ...
PMID:Obesity as a risk factor for endometrial cancer. 355 27

Clinical and pathological studies were performed on 51 cases with endometrial cancer. The results are as follows: The average age was 58.9 years and the range 41 to 80 years. Forty-one (80.4%) patients were postmenopausal and the average menopausal age was 49.1 years. All cases were symptomatic and in 35 (76.5%) cases the postmenopausal bleeding was noted as a chief complaint. The chief complications were obesity (37.5%), hypertension (25.0%), infertility (13.7%) and diabetes mellitus (9.4%). Of 51 cases, 36(70.6%) were in Stage I, 7(13.7%) in Stage II, 6(11.8%) in Stage III and 2(3.9%) in Stage IV. When the depth of the invasion was classified into 3 grades, less than 1/3 of the muscular layer, between 1/3 and 2/3, and over 2/3 in 48 cases examined, they were observed in 20(41.7%), 10(20.8%) and 18 cases (37.5%) respectively. There were 6 cases (15%) with lymph node involvement in 40 cases examined. Those in which the depth of invasion was over 2/3, had a significantly higher incidence of lymph node involvement. The five year cumulative survival rate was 66.7%(14/21) for all cases. The clinical stage and age of the patients had a significant correlation with the prognosis of endometrial cancer, but the histological grades, the depth of invasion, and lymph node involvement did not demonstrate the a significant correlation in prognosis in this study. The five year survival rate for the group treated by modified pan-hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was 92.3% which was significantly higher than the 25% of the group treated by simple hysterectomy or than the 0% of non-surgical group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinico-pathological study and appraisal of treatment for endometrial cancer at the Ehime University Hospital]. 355 19

Ninety-five patients diagnosed as having stage I endometrial carcinoma (EC) were divided into two groups, one with associated adenomatous hyperplasia (AH; group 1) and the other without (group 2). Adenomatous hyperplasia results from estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. Therefore, patients in group 1 are considered to have an estrogen-related EC. Group 1 included 49 patients with an average age of 59; group 2 included 46 patients with an average age of 65. Review of the histologic characteristics of EC showed that group 1 tumors are better differentiated and less invasive and that their morphology is closer to the normal glandular structure of the endometrium. Group 2 tumors are less well differentiated, more often invade the myometrium, and include histologic variants such as papillary, clear cell, and anaplastic carcinoma that are dissimilar from the glandular structure of the normal endometrium. Mucinous adenocarcinomas and the presence of stromal foam cells were found to be associated with group 1 EC. Progesterone receptors (PR) were measured in a sample of 30 patients. They were present in all cases of group 1 ranging from 50 to 2,400 fmol/mg protein and absent or very low (30-190 fmol/mg protein) in group 2. All EC with stromal foam cells had high PR (380-2,400 fmol/mg protein). This study confirms that estrogen-related EC is generally a better differentiated and less aggressive tumor and suggests that there are two types of EC. The tumors not related to estrogens, which are histologically more malignant, were seen in an older age group of patients. In addition to the currently accepted methods of clinical evaluation of EC patients, defining the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of two types of EC may contribute to the management of EC, now the most prevalent cancer of the female pelvis. The patients known to be at risk for endometrial carcinoma, identifiable by abnormal hormonal manifestations (obesity, infertility, and other conditions related to hyperestrogenism) as well as those receiving exogenous estrogens are likely to develop a better differentiated and less aggressive form of neoplasia. It would be important to elaborate a system of early detection of EC in the group of elderly patients with no signs of hyperestrogenism prone to develop the less differentiated and biologically more aggressive tumors.
 ...
PMID:Endometrial carcinoma: two diseases? 356 22

In this study, the histological definition of endometrial cancer precursor (ECP) lesions is discussed and a comparison is made of clinical and histological parameters of ECP patients and endometrial cancer (EC) patients. ECP lesions were divided in 3 types: adenomatous hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and in situ adenocarcinoma. The following parameters were analyzed: age, menopausal status, gynecological and extragynecological familiar cancer incidence, other cancers in the proband, diabetes, obesity, primary infertility, fertility and previous estrogen therapy. Results give support to the hypothesis of the existence of a common biological pathway between ECP and EC. The high frequency of coexistence of both types of lesions in hysterectomy specimens from EC patients studied by step sections adds a confirmatory supporting argument. Measures for primary and secondary prevention of these lesions are proposed.
 ...
PMID:Endometrial cancer and its precursors: a comparison of histological and clinical features. 357 42

Data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone study was used to evaluate the effect o cigarette smoking on the risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer. This multicenter, population-based case-control study of oral contraceptive (OC) use and ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancer enrolled women between December 1, 1980, and December 31, 1982, in 8 geographic areas: Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco, and Seattle; the states of Connecticut, Iowa, and New Mexico; and the 4 urban counties of Utah. Eligible cases were women 20-54 years old first diagnosed as having ovarian cancer of any histologic type which was ascertained through population-based tumor registries in the above-mentioned areas during the study interval. Interviews were completed with 579 of the eligible cases (71.0%). The study controls were women 20-54 years of age selected by telephoning randomly selected phone numbers of households in the same geographic areas as the cases. 4754 of those selected were interviewed. A standard questionnaire was administered to participants in their homes by trained interviewers. Women who had never smoked a total of 100 cigarettes to be nonsmokers in this analysis. Age, parity, and ever-use of OCs (for 3 or more consecutive months) were considered to be potentially confounding factors because they are known to be associated with smoking. Women with epithelial ovarian cancer were more likely than controls to be white, nulliparous, to have used OCs, and to have had a natural menopause. Women who had ever smoked cigarettes had the same risk of epithelial ovarian cancer as women who had never smoked; this was the case when current smoking and past smoking were considered. There was a slightly reduced risk of ovarian cancer among women who had stopped smoking 10 or more years earlier, but the association was not statistically significant. Cumulative lifetime exposure to cigarette smoking categorized by increasing pack-years showed no statistically significant dose effect. Among smokers, no significant linear trend was present when pack-years was used as a continuous variable. No effect of latency was found. The age that a woman began smoking had no effect on ovarian cancer risk. Stratification of the data according to age, race, education, parity, OC use, infertility, noncontraceptive estrogen use, menopausal status, alcohol use, obesity, and family history of ovarian cancer did not reveal any appreciably different effects of smoking on ovarian cancer risk in different subgroups of women. Likelihood ratio tests revealed no statistically significant interactions.
 ...
PMID:Cigarette smoking and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. 359 76

The authors evaluate the incidence of the main risk factors in endometrial cancer by comparing a continuous series of 101 patients with a matched reference series. Among these factors, obesity and multiparity are significantly more frequent in patients with endometrial cancer. All of these risk factors are related to a hyperestrogen level. Their knowledge may contribute to a policy of prevention of endometrial cancer, but does not permit its screening by limiting to women presenting these risk factors.
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors in cancer of the endometrium]. 360 6

To elucidate the relationship between endometrial carcinoma and the constitution, HLA antigen typing (A-locus, 13; B-locus, 20; C-locus, 6; DR-locus, 9) was investigated in 74 patients with endometrial carcinoma. A significant increase in two HLA antigens, Cw7 and DRw8, was demonstrated, but there was no intimate correlation between Cw7 or DRw8 and the three complications commonly associated with endometrial carcinoma--diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertensive disease. On the basis of these results, a new classification of endometrial carcinoma was proposed as follows: type A is positive Cw7 or DRw8 group; type B is negative for Cw7 and DRw8 and positive for the complications mentioned; type C is negative for Cw7 and DRw8, negative for the complications mentioned, and positive for DR 5; type D is a non-A, non-B, and non-C type.
 ...
PMID:Human leukocyte antigen associated with endometrial carcinoma with a new classification of endometrial carcinoma based on its etiology. 361 92

For examination of the effect of prior exogenous estrogen use on survival after diagnosis of endometrial cancer, 244 endometrial cancer cases newly diagnosed at North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, between 1970 and 1976 were followed until 1982. Estrogen users (n = 46) were younger, had less advanced disease, and were more likely to be nonobese and white than were nonusers (n = 198). The estimated probability of surviving (Kaplan-Meier) five years after diagnosis was 0.89 for users and 0.53 for nonusers. When adjusted for age, grade, stage, obesity, race, and treatment (using the Cox proportional hazards regression model), the survival probabilities throughout the period of observation for estrogen users continued to be higher. The adjusted hazard rate for a nonuser was 2.05 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.96-4.39) times that for an estrogen user. The adjusted hazard rate from endometrial cancer only was 4.01 (95% Cl 1.22-13.21) times greater among estrogen nonusers. The more frequent occurrence of endometrial cancer in an earlier stage and grade among estrogen users may not be the sole cause of their lower hazard rate from this disease.
 ...
PMID:The influence of exogenous estrogen use on survival after diagnosis of endometrial cancer. 366 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>