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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Authors report on a series of 120 cases of endometrial carcinoma observed from 1980 to 1989, in the 1st Gynecological Oncology of the Oncological Hospital "M. Ascoli", Palermo. After careful clinical and pathologic review, the cases, subdivided in pre and post-menopausal groups, in order to verify possible differences between the two groups, were evaluated with reference to the principal risk factors and to some prognostic factors. As for the risk factors (old age, nulliparity, obesity, long fertile life, etc.), the data do not differ from the results in the literature. The evaluation of the prognostic indicators confirms once again the close relationship between histologic grade and myometrial invasion of the tumor. They have an important predictive value for prognosis and their knowledge is indispensable for an adequate therapeutic strategy, especially at pathologic stage I. Furthermore, findings show some delay in endometrial cancer diagnosis in the population studied, particularly in premenopausal women. Such delay turns out to be significantly associated with a greater myometrial infiltration of tumor.
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PMID:[Endometrial carcinoma--stage I. Evaluation of risk and prognostic factors in an analysis of 120 cases]. 205 8

Knowledge of cyclic changes, connected with hormonal action and precancerous states, is of substantial significance for early diagnosis and timely treatment of endometrial carcinoma. Eighty six women with endometrial carcinoma, established histologically, were studied prospectively. A parallel study of histological differentiation of the tumour and some clinical symptoms was made. Serum level of F2 were examined as well. It was found that they were more manifested in highly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Women with histories for dysfunctional uterine bleedings suffering from hypertonic disease diabetes, obesity and with increased levels of E2 were considered as a risk group for development of endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Endometrial cancer. A clinico-morphological study]. 210 Sep 50

The relation between history of several medical conditions and procedures and risk of breast cancer was evaluated in data from a hospital-based case-control study of 2663 cases of breast cancer and 2344 controls with acute conditions unrelated to any of the established or potential risk factors for breast cancer. Whereas previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, hypertension at any age, hyperlipidaemia, cholelithiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease and physician-diagnosed subfertility were unrelated to cancer risk, history of severe obesity in postmenopausal women (odds ratio [OR] 1.4), benign breast disease (OR 1.8) and history of breast biopsies (OR 2.4) were associated with significant risk elevation. Conversely, lifelong history of menstrual irregularities (OR 0.6) seemed to confer some protection against onset of breast cancer. This study supports the hypothesis that, unlike endometrial cancer, breast cancer risk is not enhanced by medical conditions known or suspected to be linked with female hormones, with the exception of benign breast disease and severe overweight in postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Breast cancer risk and history of selected medical conditions linked with female hormones. 214 95

Diet is one of the major causes of cancer. The epidemiologic data on which this conclusion is based has been derived from analytic epidemiologic studies, buttressed by descriptive (ecologic) epidemiology and studies in experimental animals. Although the evidence is not entirely consistent, high dietary fat intake appears to be a major cause of breast cancer, and more consistently, of colorectal cancer, and probably prostate cancer as well. Obesity is an important cause of endometrial cancer, and increases the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, though increasingly there is evidence that suggests that obesity is protective for breast cancer in premenopausal women. There is inconsistent evidence that dietary fibre is protective for colorectal cancer, though good evidence that vegetable consumption is protective. Several studies have pointed to a protective effect of betacarotene for lung cancer, but betacarotene may be acting as an indicator of other protective factors in diet. Recommendations for dietary modification, congruent with recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, are now appropriate.
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PMID:Diet and cancer. A review. 217 51

A review of the risk of endometrial, ovarian, cervical and breast cancer in oral contraceptive users sets these neoplasms in perspective. Endometrial cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in U.S. women with 34,000 cases annually. The average women is 61 years old. Risk factors are obesity, nulliparity, late menopause and unopposed estrogens. Oral contraception for 1 year or more reduces the risk of endometrial cancer as much as 50%, more so for nulliparous women, and this protection lasts as long as 10 years. Ovarian cancer, with a 5-year survival of only 30%, kills 11,000 women a year. Risk factors are nulliparas, late 1st pregnancy and prior breast cancer. Orals decrease the risk as much as 50%, in proportion to duration of use. Cervical cancer, now only the 6th leading cause of cancer deaths for women because of screening, is probably a venereal disease. This complicates studies on the risk of pill use, which are controversial because of confounding factors such as sexual activity, surveillance, use of barrier contraceptives, and method of grading Pap test. Breast cancer has a long list of known risk factors, but studies linking the pill are controversial, especially regarding latency. The majority of studies report a relative risk around 1.0.
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PMID:Combination oral contraceptives and cancer risk. 220 49

Current practice of investigating abnormal uterine bleeding via dilatation and curettage is sometimes open to question, and outpatient procedures are emphasised. The therapeutic effect of curettage in normalising menstrual patterns is being discussed. In a prospective study we answered the question of diagnostic and therapeutic effects of curettage. Over a period of 6 months, all patients with curettage treated in our department were investigated (history, risk factors, previous hormonal treatment, preoperative haemoglobin value, type of anaesthesia, complications, histology). Curettages performed for the purpose of abortion, as well as in combination with conisation of the uterine cervix, were not included in the study. 234 curettages were carried out. Clinical indications were as follows: in 29% of the cases recurrent preclimacteric metrorrhagia, in 27% climacteric metrorrhagia, in 24% PMB (postmenopausal bleeding). In 19 cases we found an Hb value lower than 10.5 g%. Risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus) for endometrial cancer were found in 38% of MB and in 20% of climacteric metrorrhagia. In 9 cases, the histological diagnosis was endometrial cancer (clinical indications: 5 PMB, 3 climacteric metrorrhagia, 1 recurrent preclimacteric metrorrhagia). Our study shows, that the indication for curettage should be applied generously, especially in cases of abnormal postmenopausal and perimenopausal bleeding.
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PMID:[The value of curettage in the assessment of abnormal uterine bleeding]. 221 Mar 9

The difference between the endometrial cancer incidence in Japanese and Finnish women (lower and higher incidence, respectively), was evaluated on the basis of data from cases of endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and benign gynecological disease in both countries. The comparison took into account the various personal and clinical characteristics of these cases. In endometrial cancer, Japanese and Finnish women had similar characteristics except for the age at first delivery, the age at last delivery and obesity. However, obesity in postmenopausal women in the two countries was similar. Common factors in the two countries included few pregnancies and deliveries, nullipara and single women. In cervical cancer, no difference between the characteristics of Japanese and Finnish women was found except that Japanese women had a higher frequency of pregnancy. In benign diseases, characteristics were similar to those of endometrial cancer in Finnish women, but this was not the case in Japanese women. These facts may indicate the number of Finnish women with endometrial cancer risk factors is greater than the number of Japanese women with these risk factors. This was thought to account for the difference in the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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PMID:A case-control study of uterine endometrial cancer in Japanese and Finn. 221 13

Soskin, in his 1946 textbook, stated that insulin may be regarded as the dominant instrument in the symphony of endocrine action that results in normal carbohydrate metabolism. After almost half a century, great progress in the medical field has revealed that insulin plays more than even he described. Some aspects of important actions of insulin in our field as investigated in our laboratory are summarized below. 1. Role of insulin in reproductive endocrinology. (1) Correlation of insulin and testosterone in normal young women and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). The sum of serum insulin values during 75g OGTT and serum testosterone values were positively correlated in normal women and patients with PCO. Glucose transport activities in isolated adipocytes from a typical PCO patient were decreased, but insulin binding activities were not, which indicates that insulin resistance in this patients is due to some post-receptor defects. (2) Insulin may be a risk factor of endometrial carcinoma. It is well-recognized that several diseases associate with hyperinsulinemia, such as obesity, PCO, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are risk factors for endometrial carcinoma. The sum of the insulin values during OGTT was significantly higher in patients with endometrial carcinoma than in those without. 2. Role of insulin in perinatal medicine. (1) Increase in insulin secretion during pregnancy. High serum insulin concentration during OGTT, increased secretion of urinary C-peptide, and enhanced staining of insulin in B cells by the PAP method suggest that insulin secretion is enhanced during pregnancy. (2) Insulin resistance during pregnancy. Glucose utilization rate in both pregnant and progesterone-treated rats, as assessed by a glucose clamp technique, is significantly decreased as compared to nonpregnant rats. The technique of 2-deoxyglucose injection revealed that whole body insulin resistance is due to insulin resistance in individual insulin-sensitive tissues. The activities of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose transport in isolated rat skeletal muscle and human adipocytes were found to decrease during late pregnancy, but insulin binding activities were not. These results suggest that insulin resistance during pregnancy is due to some post-receptor mechanisms. (3) Physiological meaning of insulin in fetal growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The role of insulin in reproductive endocrinology and perinatal medicine]. 223 Apr 12

The connection of body fat distribution (BFD) and the risk of developing mammary, cervical, endometrial or ovarian carcinoma was ascertained for 163 patients with carcinoma (mean age 49.9 [19-78] years) and 489 controls of comparable age and body-mass index. BFD was expressed as the ratio of waist and hip circumference (T/H ratio of 0.822 vs 0.781 and 0.826 vs 0.789, respectively; P less than 0.01). In premenopausal women with mammary or cervical carcinoma and in all postmenopausal women BFD was similar to that in the control subjects. A common cause of android obesity and ovarian or endometrial carcinoma may be a reduction of sex-hormone-binding globulins with an elevated serum level of free androgens and oestrogens.
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PMID:[Obesity, body fat distribution and the incidence of breast, cervical, endometrial and ovarian carcinomas]. 225 79

It has long been known that the risks of some cancers, including endometrial, are associated with obesity. Recent evidence suggests that body fat distribution patterns also affect the risk of developing some diseases. A question that remains is whether cancers are associated with specific distributions of body fat. In this study, women with endometrial cancer were compared to community controls of similar age and race. Participants were interviewed and then measured to determine fat distribution patterns defined by the waist-to-hip circumference ratio. Women with upper body fat distribution had a 3.2-fold (95% confidence limits 1.2, 8.9) higher risk of endometrial cancer than women with lower body fat distribution even with correction for age, parity, and smoking. Obese women with an upper body fat pattern had a 5.8-fold (confidence limits 1.7, 19.9) higher risk of endometrial cancer than nonobese/lower body fat patterned women. Obese women who never smoked had a 3.3-fold statistically significant higher risk of endometrial cancer than nonobese women who never smoked. Current smokers had lower risks than their nonsmoking counterparts. The 3-fold increased risk of endometrial cancer associated with upper body fat did not disappear with adjustment for obesity and smoking.
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PMID:Body fat patterning in women with endometrial cancer. 225 66


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