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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Women under 40 years of age rarely develop carcinoma of the endometrium, this age group comprising less than 3% of all cases in most large series. The Registry for Endometrial Carcinoma in Young Women Taking Oral Contraceptive Agents has recorded and studied 30 cases in women under 40 with a history of oral contraceptive administration, and these are compared with 25 cases in the same age group which were accessioned at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology prior to the era during which these agents have been available, and with series reported in the literature totaling 137 cases with no contraceptive history. In the first group, special attention is paid to the 20 women who received sequential agents exclusively or predominantly, since the association with these agents (primarily Oracon) is much higher than would be expected from the fact that less that 10% of oral contraceptives used in this country are of the sequential type. An analysis of the three groups reveals a similar incidence of the various histologic types (primarily well differentiated tumors with a relatively favorable prognosis), the only difference being the presence of secretory features in 14 of 29 oral contraceptive users vs. only two of 25 women not taking these agents. Clinical and pathologic staging were also predominantly favorable, and comparable in all groups. There were, however, notably higher incidences of nulliparity, obesity, and sclerocystic ovaries--all features traditionally associated with endometrial carcinoma--in the patients not receiving oral contraceptives or receiving combined agents, suggesting that the group receiving sequentials may not represent the same constitutionally predisposed population. Only three of 55 women among our personally reviewed cases have thus far died of cancer (one in the contraceptive group and two in the non-user group) and all three of these had poorly differentiated tumors with myometrial invasion. The excellent prognosis for most patients in this age group is thus confirmed.
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PMID:Endometrial carcinoma in women under 40 years of age: comparison of cases in oral contraceptive users and non-users. 83 41

Studies have shown that the risk of endometrial cancer increases 4-7 times among women who undergo post-menopausal estrogen treatments. Certain factors can be associated with an increase inpost-menopausal estrogen levels in the body: acyclic anovulatory menstrual cycles, estrogen-producing ovarial carcinomas, use of post-menopausal estrogen treatments, and obesity. In obese women, estrone is produced from androstendion in fatty and other peripheral tissues. Cyclical therapy; avoiding progestative substances; and using preparations based on estriol, which does not affect the endometrium as strongly, are suggested as possibilities for post-menopausal estrogen treatment.
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PMID:[The use of estrogen preparations after the menopause and the risk of endometrial carcinoma]. 93 83

Serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) levels were measured before and 6-8 weeks after ovariectomy in 16 postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer, and in 10 postmenopausal women with normal endometrium (preovariectomy only). For E2, no significant difference in the mean baseline (+/-SE) level was found between the tumor (13.5 +/- 1.1 pg/ml) and non-tumor patients (11.7 +/- 1.4 pg/ml). For the same patients, the mean baseline E1 levels of 33.8 +/- 2.4 pg/ml and 28.5 +/- 4.7 pg/ml were also not significantly different. The mean body weight of the tumor patients (141.1 +/- 7.3 lbs.) was similar to the mean weight of the non-tumor subjects (137.5 +/- 6.3 lbs.). This was of importance since both E2 and E1 levels correlated significantly with body weight and excess fat in these postmenopausal women. The circulating estrogen levels did not correlate significantly with the patients' height, age, or years of menopause. In the patients with endometrial cancer the mean E2 (14.1 +/- 1.7 pg/ml) and E1 (39.5 +/- 7.3 pg/ml) levels after ovariectomy were not significantly different from the preoperative concentrations. These data are consistent with the concept that in postmenopausal women most, if not all, circulating estrogen is produced by peripheral conversion of androgens and that this conversion is influenced by obesity. Circulating estrogen levels are not significantly different in postmenopausal patients with endometrial cancer compared with women of a similar age and weight who do not have the tumor.
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PMID:Serum 17 beta-estradiol and estrone levels in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. 95 Mar 62

The evidence concerning the most important factors related to prognosis in endometrial carcinoma stage I has been reviewed in 500 cases. Histologic differentiation of the tumor and depth of myometrial invasion have been found to be definitely correlated with survival, whereas uterine site in stage I lesions treated by hysterectomy shows no correlation between depth of uterine sounding and survival. Obesity and hypertension influence outcome in cases treated by radiation alone.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in early endometrial carcinoma (FIGO stage I)]. 95 64

Dr. Boyd C. Quint recently presented important data regarding the relationship of estrogen therapy to the risk of endometrial carcinoma, but the data seem to have been inappropriately analyzed. Dr. Quint studied 291 postmenopausal women who received primary treatment for endometrial carcinoma at the Swedish Hospital Medical Center in Seattle, Washington between 1960 and 1973. The 1st step in Quint's analysis was a determination of the ratio of new endometrial carcinoma cases to the total "major gynecologic operations" for the intervals 1960-1966 and 1966-1973. This ratio was observed to increase from about 2% for 1960-1966 to about 4% for 1966-1973, but this change -- while statistically significant - cannot be used to support the hypothesis that the absolute incidence of endometrial carcinoma increased from the 1st to the 2nd interval. The 2nd step in the analysis was a determination of the incidence of nulliparity, obesity and hypertension, and/or diabetes and prior estrogen therapy among the endometrial carcinoma patients 1st treated in each of the 2 intervals. The prevalence of the constitutional stigma commonly associated with endometrial carcinoma, obesity and hypertension and/or diabetes can be seen to be significantly lower among the 203 patients 1st treated between 1966 and 1973 than among the 88 patients 1st treated between 1960 and 1966. Conversely, the prevalence of prior estrogen therapy is seen to be much higher. Data indicating that approximately 50% of Seattle area women had used or were using estrogen therapy by 1973 to 1974 - median use of about 10 years - are in press. Quint's data do support the hypothesis that estrogen therapy may be an etiologic factor among the more recent cases of endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Estrogen therapy and endometrial carcinoma. 98 96

Plasma levels of estrone (E1), estradiol-17beta (E2), and estriol (E3), as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin were measured in 30 control subjects and in 20 postmenopausal patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Within the sensitivity of the assay (5 to 10 pg.), no E3 was found. Mean levels of E1 and E2 in the patients with carcinoma (42.64+/-3.8 (S.E.M.) and 17.3+/-1.7 (S.E.M.) pg. per mililiter) were significantly higher than those measured in the control subjects (E1=26.97+/-2.4 (S.E.M.) pg. per mililiter, p less than 0.001; E2=12.08+/-1.2 (S.E.M.) pg. per milliliter, p less than 0.02). Effects of age, diabetic status, and obesity were taken into consideration. Significant differences in FSH and marginally significant differences in prolactin levels were observed between the two groups. Mean levels of FSH, LH, and prolactin in the control group and the group with adenocarcinoma, respectively, were as follows: FSH=152.3+/-7.0 (S.E.M.) versus 98.1+/-8.9 (S.E.M.) mI.U. per milliliter, p less than 0.001; LH=64.7+/-3.1 (S.E.M.) versus 66.5+/-5.2 mI.U. per milliliter, difference not significant; and prolactin=14.3+/-0.9 (S.E.M.) versus 17.8+/1.7 (S.E.M.) ng. per milliliter, p less than 0.06. These results, as well as previously reported alterations in human growth hormone secretion, suggest aberrations in hypothalamic function in endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Plasma levels of fractionated estrogens and pituitary hormones in endometrial carcinoma. 98 36

In a total of 53 patients, most of whom were over 40 years of age and who presented symptoms of vaginal bleeding, total plasma estrogens were measured with gas liquid chromatography, and the clinical correlates were studied. The results revealed that total plasma estrogen levels in the endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma groups were significantly higher than those measured in the control group. In addition, a positive, significant correlation was found between the plasma estrogen levels and obesity in the patients with endometrial carcinoma. The study provides objective data that document the clinical impressions that hyperestrogenism and obesity are significant findings in endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Plasma estrogen in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. 99 Nov 22

Diabetes and obesity were noted in 21.3% and 42.3% respectively of 94 patients with adenocarcinoma corporis uteri. Hypertension and ovarian or mammary neoplasia were also common. Obese and diabetic subjects proved more sensitive to treatment with high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate. Screening for precancerous states or carcinoma of the endometrium in obese and diabetic women is suggested.
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PMID:[Diabetes, obesity and adenocarcinoma of corpus uteri]. 99 85

142 patients with endometrial cancer, and an equal size control group, were compared in regard to age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, vaginal cytology, and endometrial histology. In a 2nd study, 335 patients with endometrial cancer were treated with abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and radiation applications. In an experimental study, the percent of conversion of androstenedione to estrone in subcutaneous adipose tissue in 20 patients was studied using an in vitro method. The 1st clinical study showed that the frequency of diabetes, hypertension, the estrogen effect in the vaginal smear, and proliferative changes in the endometrium were significantly higher than in the control group. Obesity was also more frequent. The 2nd clinical study showed a survival rate of more than 5 years in certain parameters. The experimental in vitro study showed a higher aromatization of androstenedione to estrone in cancer patients, indicating etiological correlations between endometrial cancer and extraglandular estrone production.
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PMID:Estrogens and endometrial cancer: aspects of etiology and survival rate. 102 Oct 8

Endometrial carcinoma developed in a teenager with obesity, hypertension, hyperestrinism and lack of diurnal variation of plasma cortisol concentration. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and is receiving estrogen therapy. Her six obese sisters and her mother, who are at risk for endometrial carcinoma, are being managed conservatively.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in a teenager. 113 70


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