Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Simple obesity is characterized by a normal or increased growth rate with an acceleration of bone age maturation. When longitudinal growth slows down in the presence of obesity, a hormonal disturbance should be sought. Despite normal growth, simple obesity is characterized by a reduced GH secretion evaluated by standard provocative tests, the administration of GH-releasing hormone or spontaneous 24-hour secretion. In obese children GH secretion may be as low as in poorly growing children with classical GH deficiency. The endocrine abnormalities along the GH axis seem to involve complex mechanisms at the hypothalamic, pituitary and peripheral level. Recent data suggest that simple obesity is associated with an increase in GH clearance and a decrease in GH synthesis and secretion. It is also associated with high insulin and insulin-like growth factor I levels which may interfere in the complex endocrine interactions. In conclusion, simple obesity is characterized by normal growth in the presence of 'hyposomatotropism'.
 ...
PMID:The effect of simple obesity on growth and growth hormone. 830 46

A 32-year-old obese female was hospitalized with dyspnea. Echocardiogram revealed left ventricular dilatation. Chest X-ray film showed enlarged heart size and prominent pulmonary congestion. Simple obesity with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to cardiomyopathy of obesity was diagnosed according to the absence of obvious disease that caused obesity or CHF. After diet therapy and medication, subjective symptoms disappeared and body weight was reduced from 137 kg to 85 kg. Although few reports of cardiomyopathy of obesity have been reported in Japan, we propose the possibility that similar cases will be on the increase because Japanese dietary habits are now becoming more similar to those of Caucasians.
 ...
PMID:Simple obesity with cardiomyopathy of obesity. 896

The epidemic of obesity concerns also children and adolescents. Excess weight increases the risk of metabolic complications, diabetes type 2, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary and musculoskeletal disorders, psychosocial problems. Simple obesity leads to secondary endocrine disturbances. Long lasting insulin resistance and proinflammatory state induced by cytokines, which are produced in adipose tissue, play the main role in the development of obesity associated complications. Many disturbances can be reversed at the early stage, if even small weight loss is achieved.
 ...
PMID:[Obesity related complications in children and adolescents]. 1702 Jun 60

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the present study was to compare the indexes of arterial structure and function in women with simple obesity and healthy individuals. Twenty-two women with simple obesity (body mass index [BMI]: 33.6 +/- 2.9 kg/m(2), age: 29.7 +/- 6.2 years), and 34 healthy women were included in the study. Healthy subjects were divided into two subgroups according to their age (<35 and >45 years): Control A-16 young women (age <35 years, BMI: 24.0 +/- 3.0 kg/m(2)), and Control B-18 older women (age >45 years, BMI: 25.8 +/- 2.9 kg/m(2)). Noninvasive, high-resolution, vascular ultrasound was used to evaluate the endothelial-dependent vasodilatation: flow-mediated dilatation of brachial artery (FMD); the arterial structure: intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery (CCA); and the compliance parameters corresponding to structural changes in large arteries (PWV: pulse wave velocity; PP: pulse pressure; TAC: total arterial compliance; Ao C: aorta compliance, CCA C: CCA compliance, stiffness indexes). Endothelial-dependent vasodilatation as represented by FMD was comparable in the obese group (16.8% +/- 7.9%; median: 15.5%) and healthy subjects (Control A: 14.1% +/- 4.7%; median: 13.6%; Control B: 13.9% +/- 6.5%; median: 13.0%). The mean value of IMT was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in Control B group (0.67 +/- 0.07 mm) in comparison to both obese patients (0.58 +/- 0.09 mm) and Control A group (0.53 +/- 0.05 mm). The compliance parameters (PWV, AoC, CCA C, stiffness indexes) were impaired in obese patients and Control B patients as compared to Control A individuals. PWV and stiffness indexes were significantly increased, and the AoC, CCA C-diameter, CCA C-area were significantly decreased. Simple obesity constitutes an important risk factor accelerating arterial stiffness in women.
 ...
PMID:The indexes of arterial structure and function in women with simple obesity: a preliminary study. 1864 52

Simple obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with rapidly growing morbidity and mortality which imposes an enormous burden on individual and public health. As a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture has shown the positive efficacy in the management of simple obesity. In this article, we comprehensively review the clinical and animal studies that demonstrated the potential mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for simple obesity. Clinical studies suggested that acupuncture regulates endocrine system, promotes digestion, attenuates oxidative stress, and modulates relevant molecules of metabolism in patients of simple obesity. Evidence from laboratory indicated that acupuncture regulates lipid metabolism, modulates inflammatory responses, and promotes white adipose tissue browning. Acupuncture also suppresses appetite through regulating appetite regulatory hormones and the downstream signaling pathway. The evidence from clinical and animal studies indicates that acupuncture induces multifaceted regulation through complex mechanisms and moreover a single factor may not be enough to explain the beneficial effects against simple obesity.
 ...
PMID:Mechanisms of Acupuncture Therapy for Simple Obesity: An Evidence-Based Review of Clinical and Animal Studies on Simple Obesity. 3085 10

Accumulated visceral and subcutaneous fat masses were measured with computed tomography (CT) in cats with various body condition scores (BCS) from 5/9 to 9/9. BCS does not always reflect visceral fat accumulation which induces pro-inflammatory reactions. Obese cats with accumulated visceral fat showed low plasma adiponectin and high serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations, an inflammatory marker. Based on the above results, new diagnostic criteria for obesity disease were established as follows. For overweight cats with high BCS of >7/9, showing two or more of the following three symptoms, low adiponectin concentrations, hyperlipidemia, and high SAA concentrations, categorizes them as having obesity disease. Cats with BCS 6/9-9/9, without inflammatory reactions, were classified as simple obesity, which is similar to metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) defined in human medicine. Simple obesity group showed significantly higher adiponectin concentrations than those in control group. The obesity disease group showed significantly higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and SAA concentrations and lower concentrations of adiponectin than the control group. Moreover, plasma glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the obesity disease group were higher than those in healthy control group, although the differences were not statistically significant. Establishing criteria for obesity disease based on visceral fat accumulation and inflammation markers levels contributes to early and correct diagnosis of obesity in cats.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity Disease in Cats. 3150 38