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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, frequently associated with obesity, can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. The pathophysiology of NASH is poorly understood, and no effective treatment is available. In view of a potential deleterious role for reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated the origin of ROS overproduction in NASH. Mitochondrial production of ROS and its alterations in the presence of antioxidant molecules were studied in livers from ob/ob mice that bear a mutation of the leptin gene and develop experimental NASH. N-acetyl-cysteine and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics ambroxol, manganese [III] tetrakis (5,10,15,20 benzoic acid) (MnTBAP), and copper [II] diisopropyl salicylate (CuDIPS) were used to target different checkpoints of the oxidative cascade to determine the pathways involved in ROS production. Liver mitochondria from ob/ob mice generated more O(2)*- than those of lean littermates (P <.01). Ex vivo, all three SOD mimics decreased O(2)*- generation (P <.001) and totally inhibited lipid peroxidation (P <.001) versus untreated ob/ob mice. Those modifications were associated with in vivo improvements: MnTBAP and CuDIPS reduced weight (P <.02) and limited the extension of histological liver steatosis by 30% and 52%, respectively, versus untreated ob/ob mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate deleterious effects of superoxide anions in NASH and point at the potential interest of nonpeptidyl mimics of SOD in the treatment of NASH in humans.
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PMID:Pivotal role of superoxide anion and beneficial effect of antioxidant molecules in murine steatohepatitis. 1512 56

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disorders that encompasses simple hepatic steatosis and the more serious nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can progress to cirrhosis. Although the prevalence of NAFLD in childhood is not clear, it is apparently more common than originally thought. The major association with NAFLD is obesity, and as the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence increases, fatty liver is recognized with greater frequency. Although the factors associated with progression of liver disease have not been determined fully, the pathogenesis of NASH is a "two hit" process that includes disturbed lipid homeostasis, resistance to the effects of insulin and subsequent hyperinsulinemia, and local toxic effects of triglyceride on hepatocytes. Treatment options are currently limited.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 1527 63

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as an important cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia are important risk factors for NASH. The presence of these risk factors in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis may suggest NASH as an aetiology of cirrhosis in them. Twenty-five patients of cryptogenic cirrhosis were compared with 18 patients of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis for the presence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. Patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis were found to have a significantly higher body - mass index increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus and lower high-density lipoprotein compared to the controls. Increased body weight and diabetes mellitus may play a role in the causation of cirrhosis in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia in patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. 1530 64

Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is increasingly recognized as an important and common public health problem that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Because it is often asymptomatic,many people may not know that they have it. NAFL is closely linked to obesity, which in the United States and other developed countries is becoming more common. Consequently, the proportion of the population affected by NAFL will likely increase. Despite the growing importance of this condition, knowledge of the epidemiology of NAFL is limited by the lack of an accurate,noninvasive measure for use in screening of the general population. This article reviews information available from studies with relatively unselected samples with regard to prevalence, demographics,and risk factors for NAFL.
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PMID:Epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver. 1533 Oct 60

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease in the United States. The histologic spectrum of NAFLD ranges from steatosis liver alone to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is the most serious form of NAFLD. NASH is a progressive fibrotic disease, in which cirrhosis and liver-related death occur in up to 20% and 12%, respectively, over a 10-year period. NASH-associated cirrhosis also can develop into subacute liver failure, progress to hepatocellular carcinoma, and reoccur post-transplantation. In contrast, steatosis alone has a more benign clinical course, although progression to cirrhosis has occurred in 3% of these patients. The major risk factors for fibrosis include diabetes or obesity, an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio of greater than 1, age older than 50, and hepatic histology.
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PMID:The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 1533 Oct 61

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disorder occurring in individuals without significant alcohol consumption. It consists of a spectrum of liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although a number of conditions have been identified as risk factors, obesity is by far the most dominant risk factor for developing NAFLD. Over the past decade, it became apparent that NAFLD in some patients is a progressive disorder,leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Despite lack of direct evidence,due to the ongoing epidemic of obesity in western countries, it is believed that the incidence of NAFLD is increasing, and patients with complicated and uncomplicated NAFLD will present in increasing numbers to primary care physicians as well as specialists. This article discusses the prevalence, histologic spectrum, and natural history of NAFLD in subjects with severe obesity as well as the hepatic effects of drastic weight loss induced by bariatric surgery or severe calorie restriction.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with severe obesity. 1533 Oct 62

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers the spectrum of features found in liver laden with macrovesicular fat and variable degrees of inflammation, cell injury, and fibrosis. By definition, NAFLD excludes those with significant ingestion of alcohol or alternative potential cause of steatohepatitis. NAFLD develops with rare exception in children who are obese. Given the rapid rise in prevalence of obesity in children globally, NAFLD is now recognized as the most common cause of liver disease in pediatrics. In obese individuals, Hispanic ethnicity and male gender appear to increase risk. Recent studies suggest that insulin resistance and oxidative stress are important in pathogenesis. Treatment trials are underway to determine if reduction of insulin resistance or oxidative stress will favorably affect outcome. This review summarizes what is known about pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in terms of prevalence, demographics, clinical presentation, histology,pathogenesis, and treatment. Important differences between pediatric and adult fatty liver disease are highlighted.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the pediatric population. 1533 Oct 63

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of hepatic pathology that resembles alcohol-induced fatty liver disease(AFLD), but which develops in individuals who are not heavy drinkers. In people, NAFLD is associated strongly with obesity,insulin resistance, and dysmetabolic syndrome, but the exact mechanisms that promote liver disease in this clinical context remain poorly understood. The proinflammatory cytokine, funor necrosis factor alpha is known to be a key mediator of AFLD. This article discusses clinical and experimental evidence that tumor necrosis factor plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndromes, including nonalcoholic fatty syndromes, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor and its potential role in insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 1533 Oct 67

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in patients with the metabolic syndrome, and it is expected to become more common in countries where obesity, one of the components of the metabolic syndrome, is increasing.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the epidemic of obesity. 1544 61

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a well-recognized form of chronic liver disease affecting both children and adults that has gained increased recognition. Recently NAFLD has been associated with insulin resistance and its incidence and prevalence is likely increasing, paralleling the rise in obesity and diabetes mellitus in the United States. The article includes current thoughts on the natural history and pathogenesis of NAFLD and describes current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 1546 59


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