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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AGE, SEX, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, OBESITY, AND ASSOCIATED CAUSE OF DEATH, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT: (1) the extent of aortic calcification was much lower in cerebral haemorrhage than in cerebral infarct. In deaths due to cerebral haemorrhage aortic calcification was at about the same level as in those due to cancer of the stomach, while in deaths due to cerebral infarct it was at the same level as in those due to coronary heart disease; (2) the prevalence of large myocardial scar was low in deaths due to cerebral haemorrhage (at about the same level as in those due to prostatic cancer), while in deaths due to cerebral infarct it was more frequent (at the same level as in deaths due to diabetes); (3) the extent of coronary calcification and prevalence of coronary stenosis and fresh myocardial infarction were low in the cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarct deaths, but a little lower in the former; and (4) the extent of raised lesions of the aorta and coronary arteries was similar in the cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarct deaths, the level of aortic lesions being high and overlapping in level with those in the coronary heart disease and hypertensive deaths, and the levels of coronary lesions being much lower and well below those in the coronary and diabetic hypertensive deaths.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis and myocardial lesions in subjects dying from fresh cerebrovascular disease. 108 1

The authors examined the relation of smoking and obesity to surgically treated benign prostatic hypertrophy in a prospective study of white men aged 40-79 years who were first examined in 1972-1974 and were followed for an average of 12 years. After exclusion of those whose surgery preceded assessment of smoking and obesity and those who had prostate cancer, there were 165 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy among 929 men. Age-adjusted relative risk of benign prostatic hypertrophy in current or previous smokers compared with nonsmokers was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.8-1.6). Age-adjusted relative risk of benign prostatic hypertrophy in the most obese tertile (body mass index (kg/m2) greater than 26.75) compared with the remainder showed a relative risk of 0.9 (95% confidence interval 0.6-1.4). Multivariate analysis also failed to show a relation between cigarette smoking or obesity and the development of surgically treated benign prostatic hypertrophy.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking, obesity, and benign prostatic hypertrophy: a prospective population-based study. 750 39

In order to learn about the influence of dietary factors and obesity on prostatic cancer in our environment, a case-control study was performed. The group of cases consisted of 90 men histologically diagnosed with prostatic cancer in the 'La Paz' hospital (Madrid) during the 4-year period of 1983-1987. The controls were 180 men selected to obtain a random sample of males from the same hospital, stratified according to age and date of admission as compared with the prostatic cancer patients. The results of the study revealed that a diet rich in animal fats as well as high in meat consumption increased the risk of prostatic cancer. Low ingestion of vitamin A or vitamin C and obesity were unassociated to the disease.
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PMID:Dietary factors and prostatic cancer. 205 25

Diet is one of the major causes of cancer. The epidemiologic data on which this conclusion is based has been derived from analytic epidemiologic studies, buttressed by descriptive (ecologic) epidemiology and studies in experimental animals. Although the evidence is not entirely consistent, high dietary fat intake appears to be a major cause of breast cancer, and more consistently, of colorectal cancer, and probably prostate cancer as well. Obesity is an important cause of endometrial cancer, and increases the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, though increasingly there is evidence that suggests that obesity is protective for breast cancer in premenopausal women. There is inconsistent evidence that dietary fibre is protective for colorectal cancer, though good evidence that vegetable consumption is protective. Several studies have pointed to a protective effect of betacarotene for lung cancer, but betacarotene may be acting as an indicator of other protective factors in diet. Recommendations for dietary modification, congruent with recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, are now appropriate.
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PMID:Diet and cancer. A review. 217 51

Findings described in this report are for 6,763 white male Seventh-day Adventists who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1960. Between 1960 and 1980 mortality data were collected on cohort members. Overweight men had a significantly higher risk of fatal prostate cancer than men near their desirable weight. The predicted relative risk of fatal prostate cancer was 2.5 for overweight men. Suggestive positive associations were also seen between fatal prostate cancer and the consumption of milk, cheese, eggs, and meat. There was an orderly dose-response between each of the four animal products and risk. The predicted relative risk of fatal prostate cancer was 3.6 for those who heavily consumed all four animal products. The results of this study and others suggest that animal product consumption and obesity may be risk factors for fatal prostate cancer.
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PMID:Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer. 646 22

In a nine-year follow-up of a southern California community of 2,852 men and women aged 60-79 years, systolic blood pressure was a significant predictor of subsequent cancer mortality in men. This effect was independent of age, antihypertensive medication, smoking, obesity, and plasma cholesterol. Trends in women were similar but not statistically significant. Compared with those still alive, higher initial systolic blood pressure levels were apparent in those who died of colon cancer, stomach cancer, and all other cancers combined except for lung and prostate cancer. Possible mechanisms for this association and the implications of the data with regard to the benefits of measures to treat high blood pressure or lower population distribution of blood pressure are discussed.
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PMID:Systolic blood pressure and cancer mortality in an elderly population. 647 25

To identify phenomena that might explain a higher mortality-to-incidence ratio for prostate cancer among smokers, 359 patients with newly diagnosed tumors at a community hospital were analyzed by tumor stage and grade, host age, obesity, smoking habits and survival. Among the 235 men with nonstage A tumors, stage D disease was independently related to host smoking (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.3, p = 0.015), as well as to higher tumor grade, younger host age and lack of obesity. Stage D disease was present in 69% of 16 heavy smokers, 41% of 44 other smokers and 31% of nonsmokers. The 5-year tumor-specific mortality rate was greater among smokers than nonsmokers with stage D2 disease (88% versus 63%, p < 0.05) or with nonstage A disease (39% versus 17%, p < 0.001). These observations are compatible with earlier metastasis and more aggressive subsequent tumor advancement in smokers, and indicate that smoking habits may contribute to differences in prostate cancer prognosis between populations.
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PMID:A worse prognosis for smokers with prostate cancer. 777 12

Whereas case-control studies have been very consistent in suggesting a positive association between intake of dietary fat, especially animal fat, and prostate cancer, the results from past cohort studies have been mostly inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated consumption of high-fat animal products, raw vegetables, and fresh fruits, as well as obesity, smoking, and drinking, in relation to subsequent occurrence of prostate cancer. We studied a cohort of 20,316 men of various ethnicities interviewed between 1975 and 1980 in Hawaii. As of December 1989, 198 incident cases with invasive prostate cancer were identified by computer-assisted linkage of this cohort to the statewide Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Relative risks (RRs) for prostate cancer computed by proportional hazards regression were elevated for intake of beef [RR for highest to lowest tertile of intake = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.4] and milk (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0-2.1), and for a summary variable for intake of high-fat animal products (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0-2.4). Weight was not consistently associated with prostate cancer, but there was an association with height (> 167 cm) (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0-3.2 for the third and fourth quartiles relative to the lowest quartile in height). These associations were stronger in men diagnosed before age 72.5 years. The risk estimates for raw vegetable and fresh fruit intakes were close to 1.0. Smoking and alcohol drinking appeared to be unrelated to risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Animal fat consumption and prostate cancer: a prospective study in Hawaii. 803 40

Sexual sterilization is the major form of fertility control in women who are more than 30 years old. Clinicians usually use laparoscopy to perform female sterilization. They may occlude the fallopian tubes with a clip or ring or coagulate the tubes using bipolar diathermy. It is usually performed on an outpatient basis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can generally control the postoperative pain. A serious immediate but rare complication is death, which is often associated with the anesthesia. Complications related to the experience of the surgeon include damage to bowel or blood vessels and tearing of mesosalpinx. Obesity or pelvic adhesions often necessitates either laparotomy or abandonment of sterilization. Some long term complications are hysterectomy and menstrual disorders. Presterilization counseling needs to examine the possibility of regret and to discuss failure rates and complications. Reasons for regret are young at time of sterilization, psychosexual disorder, change of partner, change in financial circumstances, sterilization performed at time of crisis, and death of a child. The failure rate for the Filshie clip is 0.1%. Reasons for failure include pregnant at the time of the procedure, clips placed across the round or ovarian ligament, incomplete occlusion, and fistula formation and recanalization. Failure rates are higher when the sterilization is done during pregnancy because the tubes are thicker and more vascular. Vasectomy involves severing and ligating the vas deferens in both scrotums. Immediate complications are hematoma and infection. Vasectomy patients need to bring 2 semen samples for sperm counts 3-4 months after the procedure. Azoospermia signals a successful vasectomy. If sperm are still present 5-6 months after the procedure, the surgeon should conduct exploratory surgery under general anesthesia. Long term side effects include testicular discomfort and perhaps prostate cancer. The evidence is unclear about the link between vasectomy and prostate cancer, however.
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PMID:Male and female sterilisation. 807 40

Obesity is a product of welfare. About 1/3 of our population has got excessive weight, 6 to 8% is truly obese and in 0.1% we may speak of pathologic obesity. Obesity is not only an esthetic problem, but is goes together with higher morbidity and mortality. In men with a body mass index (BMI = W (kg)/L2 (m)) of more than 35, the glucose metabolism was disturbed in 70%, the lipid spectrum had a clearly atherogenic profile, the average (free) testosterone level was significantly diminished and there was also a certain degree of hypogonadism. A short term treatment (4 to 6 weeks) based on a hypocaloric diet (400) and rich in proteins normalized the glucose metabolism in a very great number of patients, while the insulinemia fell with 40% and the lipidogram always became normal, but for the HDL-C, which showed a slight drop, while the testosterone levels became normal with a strong rise of the sex hormone binding globulin. And yet, at that very moment the patients were still definitely obese: this suggests that the metabolic disturbances are not the consequence of obesity in itself, but may be related to the dietary habits of the patients. Concerning the mechanism of hypogonadism, the cause of its disturbance seems to be situated in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal area and be characterized by a lower amplitude of LH-pulses, which are correlated with the testosterone levels. This hypothalamic disorder is however not limited to the LH-secretion, but the amplitude of growth hormone- and of ACTH-pulses is also reduced. Our study suggests that not obesity itself, but dietary factors might be responsible for the detected abnormalities. This might have important implications. Indeed, it is well known that in population groups, whose diet contains fewer calories and less fat--such as the Chinese and the Japanese--sex hormone binding globulin exists in far higher concentrations whereas free testosterone is found in a lower concentration. In these populations the prevalence of clinically obvious prostate cancer--which is androgen-sensitive--is much lower than in Western countries: it seems obvious to look for a correlation between both observations. Another remarkable phenomenon is the difference in testosterone metabolism between the Eastern and Western people; this leads us to the remarkable findings that in Asian people the same amount of androgens nearly always produces azoospermia and infertility, whereas this appears in only 2/3 of the cases among Western people.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Metabolic effects of obesity in men]. 812 79


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