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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To date, in publications on hamartomas, precocious puberty and laughing seizures have been discussed, but behavioural and cognitive abnormalities have been neglected. Therefore, we report a 14-year-old girl with a proven hamartoma, in which abnormalities of behaviour and cognition played an important role within the somatopsychic complex. In our patient, urinary incontinence during the seizures and psychiatric symptoms, such as eating disorder with obesity, school phobia, antisocial behaviour, withdrawal and cognitive problems (e.g. general slowness, deficiency of cognitive flexibility) came to the fore. The girl had not attended school regularly for almost 2 years, had stayed at home and was overtaxed psychosocially. The seizures and the urinary incontinence improved with drug treatment, but psychiatric difficulties increased and remained untreated until the girl came to a child psychiatric inpatient clinic where drug treatment and behavioural therapy were combined. During well-coordinated neurological and psychiatric treatment the laughing seizures (spontaneous, event-related, psychogenic) decreased and a considerable improvement in psychiatric and psychosocial problems was attained. Consequently, we recommend a close and timely integration of the psychiatric aspects in the treatment of children with hamartomas.
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PMID:Psychiatric disturbances in children with hamartomas: a neglected somatopsychic issue. A case report. 149 56

This paper presents a new model to explain the observed relationship between anxiety and substance abuse. Specifically, the concept of "abstinence phobias," common across psychoactive substances, is developed. The evidence needed to support this concept is outlined, and relevant data from studies of opiate, alcohol, and tobacco dependences are reviewed. Parallel data obtained from the treatment of obesity are discussed. It is concluded that the abstinence phobia merits further study; clinical implications are also considered.
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PMID:The abstinence phobias: links between substance abuse and anxiety. 651 Nov 36

Despite increasing trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, fatness phobia is common during female adolescence. This study has demonstrated a high level of dissatisfaction with body weight in a sample of Dublin schoolgirls aged 15 y. Of 420 subjects, 59% reported that they wanted to be slimmer and 68% had previously tried to lose weight. Contrary to expectations, overweight girls were not found to hold the monopoly on such dissatisfactions. Normal weight and even underweight girls also expressed a desire to be thinner and reported using unhealthy weight control practices including random avoidance of staple foods, fasting, smoking and purging, in their pursuit of the 'perfect' female figure. Obesity prevention programmes which target adolescent girls 'at risk' of overweight and obesity, must take cognizance of their profound fear of fatness, otherwise the use of harmful slimming strategies may be further increased as teenage girls frantically try to lose weight and to avoid the stigma associated with female fatness.
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PMID:The pursuit of thinness: a study of Dublin schoolgirls aged 15 y. 962 47

65 patients were examined. They were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) without bulimia, complicated by cachexia and amenorrhea. Epileptoid personality masculinous body built and behaviour, essential disturbances of sexual self-identification prevailed in this group. 3 patients had homoerotic tendencies, while a syndrome of sex negation developed in 5 cases. In group 2 bulimia was a stage of AN development. The patients had frequently initial endocrinopathy (obesity, dysmenorrhea), experiences of phobia and anxiety, asynchronous disharmonious type of psychosexual ontogenesis. Group 3 of patients was characterized by predomination of bulimia symptoms as a variation of the disease course. Normostenic body built, normal somatoendocrine and psychosexual development were combined with hysteric personal characteristics, mood and sexual fluctuations.
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PMID:[Specific factors of sex behavior in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia]. 1084 61

Decades of research have demonstrated that anorexia nervosa (AN) may be associated with aberrant cognition, yet, its role in maintaining stringent dieting has received relatively little attention from mainstream researchers of eating disorders. The purpose of the present article is to highlight cognitive ('top-down') factors that are considered responsible for anticipatory anxiety of stoutness and frank fat-phobia (laparophobia). A cognitive model proposed departs from the formulation suggesting that phobia of over-eating is superimposed on avoidant tendencies ('environmental autonomy syndrome'), whereas excessive exercising becomes a natural coping strategy with laparophobia, an instrument of reward. AN ideation involves complex neuronal circuitries and multiple neurochemical components that may conceivably represent a mirror image of those underlying obesity. The emphasis on phobia and aberrant membrane excitability akin to channelopathies behoves the clinicians to be aware of potential uses of drugs acting at the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the N-methyl-D-aspartate/AMPA [2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl) propionic acid] receptors sites as the adjuncts to conventional agents in managing AN.
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PMID:Laparophobia: a cognitive perspective on appetite control in anorexia nervosa. 1604 37

A questionnaire that assessed a broad range of eating-related characteristics for unselected, normal subjects was factor analyzed in a two-step process proposed by Comrey (1984). Twelve "factored homogeneous item dimensions" were identified first and yielded three primary-level factors in a second factor analysis: Predisposition to Obesity (including Dieting and Preoccupation with, and Fear Of, Gaining Weight), Uncontrollable Urges to Eat (including Eating Momentum Beyond Control, Food a Panacea and Constant Temptation, and Secret Binging), and Predisposition to Anorexia (including Insufficient Eating Obvious to Others, Food Phobia, Inability to Eat, and Vomiting After Meals). The three primary-level factors were positively intercorrelated and exhibited significant positive, though weak, correlations with a measure of trait arousability. Also, weak results tentatively indicated that individuals with more pleasant and/or more arousable temperaments were less likely to be overweight. Subjects reported sharply higher levels of food consumption when feeling "depressed" (i.e., bored, lonely, sad) than when feeling "distressed" (i.e., uncomfortable, anxious, in pain). Uncontrollable Urges to Eat correlated positively and significantly with self-reports of food consumption while depressed, showing that those lacking control over eating ate especially more while feeling bored, lonely, or sad. Predisposition to Obesity correlated negatively and significantly with self-reports of food consumption while distressed, showing that those tending more toward obesity ate less while upset or anxious.
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PMID:Measures of eating-related characteristics for the general population: relationships with temperament. 1636 30

This study explored attitudes toward obesity between dietetics and nondietetics majors at Ohio University and their relationship with dietary intake and body composition. A convenience sample comprised of 76 female dietetics (n=38) and nondietetics (n=38) majors was assessed for attitudes toward obesity using a validated Fat Phobia Scale. Dietary intake and percent body fat were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and air displacement plethysmography, respectively. Results show that both groups were well matched with respect to age, weight, and percent body fat. The two groups were similar with respect to negative attitudes toward obesity and these perceptions were comparable to norms reported in previous studies. However, there were intriguing, but subtle, differences in the rating of adjectives comprising the Fat Phobia Scale and in dietary intake between the groups. Together, these results suggest that dietetics students are no more or less susceptible to negative attitudes toward obesity than their peers.
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PMID:Dietetics students possess negative attitudes toward obesity similar to nondietetics students. 1700 Feb 3

The aim was to study the effect of placebo EA, electroacupuncture (EA), and diet on obesity and accompanying psychological symptoms. One hundred and sixty-five volunteer women participated in the study. There were three groups: (i) Placebo EA, (ii) EA, and (iii) diet restriction group. EA was performed by using three ear and six body points. There was a 4.8% reduction in weight of patients with EA application, whereas patients with a diet restriction and placebo EA had a 2.5% and 2.7% weight reduction, respectively. There were significant decreases in phobia, anger, anxiety, obsession, paranoid symptoms, and depression in the EA groups compared to those of the placebo EA and diet groups. It was suggested that electroacupuncture may be an effective therapy for obesity including the psychological signs and symptoms in women.
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PMID:Electroacupuncture treatment of obesity with psychological symptoms. 1746 76

Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005/2006 show that 32.7% of US adults are overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), 34.3% are obese (BMI 30-39.9), and 5.9% are extremely obese (BMI >or= 40). For the first time, the number of obese American adults is greater than those who are merely overweight. Negative attitudes and fat phobia toward the overweight exist not only in the general population, but also among health professionals including dietitians and dietetics students. The purpose of this study was to determine if fat phobia might be reduced among future professionals by putting students on a calorie-restricted diet for a short period. Forty dietetics and health promotion students enrolled in a university obesity course completed the Fat Phobia Scale test before and after following a calorie restricted diet for 1 week (1,200 calories and 1,500 calories for women and men, respectively). Students also reflected their thoughts about following such a diet via brief journal entries. Results showed the change in fat phobias after following a calorie-restricted diet was significant. Many journal entries reflected a newfound respect for individuals struggling to lose weight and change in prior negative attitudes. Students reported that this experience would impact their future dealings with overweight/obese clients. It may be useful to incorporate this type of activity into the training of nutrition and other health professional students to increase sensitivity and reduce existing biases and negative attitudes toward overweight/obese clients.
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PMID:Following a calorie-restricted diet may help in reducing healthcare students' fat-phobia. 2013 Sep 71

The aim of this study is to examine relationships of sleep duration with sociodemographic and health-related factors, psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances in a nationwide sample in Korea. A total of 6510 subjects aged 18-64 years participated in this study. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the covariates, psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances across the following sleep duration categories: 5 h or less, 6, 7, 8 and 9 h or more per day. Low levels of education, unemployment and physical illness were associated with sleeping for 5 h or less and 9 h or more. Being older and widowed/divorced/separated, high levels of physical activity, pain/discomfort, obesity and high scores on the General Health Questionnaires were associated with sleeping for 5 h or less. Female, being younger and underweight were associated with sleeping for 9 h or more. Alcohol dependence, anxiety disorder and social phobia were associated significantly with sleeping for 5 h or less and 9 h or more. Other psychiatric disorders were more common in subjects who slept for 5 h or less (e.g. alcohol use disorder, mood disorder, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and specific phobia) or 9 h or more (e.g. post-traumatic stress disorder). In addition, subjects who slept for 5 h or less reported more sleep disturbances than did subjects who slept for 7 h. Short or long sleep is associated with psychiatric disorders and/or sleep disturbance, therefore attention to the mental health of short or long sleepers is needed.
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PMID:Relationships of sleep duration with sociodemographic and health-related factors, psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances in a community sample of Korean adults. 2047 53


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