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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of obesity has been drastically increasing over the past 20 years. Other obesity related conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, have also increased in a corresponding manner and, in 2005, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) reduced the cut-off for defining impaired blood glucose. Evidence suggests that just a modest amount of weight loss can improve obesity related co-morbidities. The present study first, investigated changes in health measures after participation in a four week residential weight loss program. Second, individuals were classified according to the 2005 criteria for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes to determine if glucose regulation changed after weight loss. A total of 93 individuals were categorized as normal glucose (n=56), impaired fasting glucose (n=23) or diabetic range (n=14) after initial blood laboratory screening. After four weeks and a 6.5% weight reduction, participants showed significant improvements in health risks. Further, most participants with elevated fasting glucose shifted into a healthier range. Findings are discussed in terms of health improvements that occur after weight loss within a four week lifestyle intervention.
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PMID:"Structure-size me:" weight and health changes in a four week residential program. 1684 25

Bariatric surgery procedures, including laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, result in an average weight loss of 50 percent of excess body weight. Remission of diabetes mellitus occurs in approximately 80 percent of patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Other obesity-related comorbidities are greatly reduced, and health-related quality of life improves. The Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score can help identify patients with increased mortality risk from bariatric surgery. Complications and adverse effects are lowest with laparoscopic surgery, and vary by procedure and presurgical risk. The Roux-en-Y procedure carries an increased risk of malabsorption sequelae, which can be minimized with standard nutritional supplementation. Outcomes are also influenced by the experience of the surgeon and surgical facility. Overall, these procedures have a mortality risk of less than 0.5 percent. Although there have been no long-term randomized controlled trials, existing studies show that bariatric surgery has a beneficial effect on mortality. The family physician is well positioned to care for obese patients by discussing surgery as an option for long-term weight loss. Counseling about the procedure options, risks and benefits of surgery, and the potential reduction in comorbid conditions is important. Patient selection, presurgical risk reduction, and postsurgical medical management, with nutrition and exercise support, are valuable roles for the family physician.
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PMID:Treatment of adult obesity with bariatric surgery. 2296 81

In 2013, approximately 179,000 bariatric surgery procedures were performed in the United States, including the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (42.1%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (34.2%), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (14.0%). Choice of procedure depends on the medical conditions of the patient, patient preference, and expertise of the surgeon. On average, weight loss of 60% to 70% of excess body weight is achieved in the short term, and up to 50% at 10 years. Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs in 60% to 80% of patients two years after surgery and persists in about 30% of patients 15 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Other obesity-related comorbidities are greatly reduced, and health-related quality of life improves. The Roux-en-Y procedure carries an increased risk of malabsorption sequelae, which can be minimized with nutritional supplementation and surveillance. Overall, these procedures have a mortality risk of less than 0.5%. Cohort studies show that bariatric surgery reduces all-cause mortality by 30% to 50% at seven to 15 years postsurgery compared with patients with obesity who did not have surgery. Dietary changes, such as consuming protein first at every meal, and regular physical activity are critical for patient success after bariatric surgery. The family physician is well positioned to counsel patients about bariatric surgical options, the risks and benefits of surgery, and to provide long-term support and medical management postsurgery.
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PMID:Treatment of Adult Obesity with Bariatric Surgery. 2676 Aug 38