Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous multisystem disorder that causes severe visual impairment. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), hypogonadism, digit and renal anomalies, obesity, and a variable degree of mental retardation characterize the disorder. Eight different loci have been identified on 2q31(BBS5), 3p13 (BBS3), 4q27 (BBS7), 11q13 (BBS1), 14q32 (BBS8), 15q22.3 (BBS4), 16q21 (BBS2), and 20p12 (BBS6). The ocular manifestations of Bardet-Biedl syndrome include an early and severe rod-cone dystrophy causing legal blindness in the second decade. Features of systemic phenotypic variability were proposed to distinguish patients mapped to either the BBS2, BBS3, or BBS4 loci but no phenotype-genotype correlation has been established for the ocular phenotype. We studied the three original families used for the identification of BBS2, BBS3, and BBS4 loci to define the ocular phenotypes of patients (n = 34) and obligate carriers (n = 32) using clinical examination and electroretinography (ERG). RP was severe and early in all cases. Myopia was associated with BBS3 and BBS4, but not BBS2. One patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome also had iris and chorioretinal colobomata, features suggestive of Biemond syndrome.
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PMID:Ocular phenotypes of three genetic variants of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. 1569 Mar 72

The number of patients with diabetes mellitus will increase over the coming years, so that there will also be more patients with diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema and diabetic retinopathy are the most important causes of legal blindness in adults. The current therapy of diabetic macular oedema consists of the prevention, detection and treatment of risk factors (e.g., hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, proteinuria and obesity), complemented if necessary by photocoagulation therapy. Photocoagulation therapy may prevent or reduce vision loss in many patients, but usually does not improve visual acuity. New treatment strategies include intravitreal corticosteroids or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and oral protein kinase C inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid or statins. The long-term positive effect of these strategies is controversial and the side effects can be serious.
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PMID:[Therapeutic possibilities for diabetic macular oedema]. 1706 28

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes a progressive loss of photoreceptors in the macula. It is the most common cause of legal blindness in the United States, and some form of AMD is thought to affect more than 9 million individuals. Risk factors include older age, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, white race, female sex, and a family history of AMD. There are two types of advanced AMD: nonexudative (dry or geographic atrophy) and exudative (wet or neovascular). Both cause progressive central vision loss with intact peripheral vision. Nonexudative AMD accounts for 80% to 90% of all advanced cases, and more than 90% of patients with severe vision loss have exudative AMD. On ophthalmoscopic examination, early findings include drusen (ie, yellow deposits in the retina). Prominent choroidal vessels, subretinal edema, and/or hemorrhage are seen in wet AMD. Regular eye examinations, visual field testing, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography are used for diagnosis and to guide management. There is no specific therapy for dry AMD, but antioxidant supplementation may be helpful. Intravitreal injection of a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor is the treatment of choice for wet AMD. Optical aids and devices can help to maximize function for patients with AMD.
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PMID:Eye Conditions in Older Adults: Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 2734 29