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Basic aim of this investigation was to determine the frequency and the form of the arterial hypertension in children between 7 and 16 years in urban and rural population. Particular aims were to determine by screening method, i.e., by elimination, the arterial hypertension prevalence in relation to the permanent addres (town-village), age and sex of children; to determine, by the same method, the prevalence of essential and borderline arterial hyipertension; to test the factors of risk in the patients with essential and borderline arterial hypertension: obesity, hereditary predisposition (relatives of first and second order) and lipid. The examination included 3000 children (age 7-16 years) during regular school days. Essential hypertension in this study was defined as blood pressure permanently higher than 95th percentile for age and sex on at least three distinguished measurements; secondary causes of hypertension were excluded by the available clinical, laboratory and functional investigation. Borderline hypertension was defined as blood pressure permanently higher than 90th percentile, and from time to time, higher than 95th percentile for age and sex on at least three measurements, when the secondary causes of hypertension were excluded. The results allowed the following conclusions: Prevalence of arterial hypertension for all children was 0.93% and was lowest in children aged 7-16 years (0.83%), and the highest in children aged 15-16 years (2.96%). Prevalence of essential hypertension was 0.37%, and of borderline hypertension 0.56%. Prevalence of arterial hypertension was greater in urban than in rural population of children (1,09:0.55%), but without statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Hypertension was established in 60.7% of members of families of children with increased blood pressure. 21.4% of hypertensive children were overweighted. Hyperlipidemia was noted in 4 children with essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension frequency in urban and rural population of children]. 1797 53

Surveillance of cardiovascular risk factors has been recommended worldwide. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of smoking, overweight/obesity, insufficient physical activity, arterial hypertension, and pre-hypertension among men covered by the Family Health Program in urban Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, in Southeast Brazil. A household survey was performed with a systematic sample of 217 men 20 to 49 years of age, from a list of residents within this age range. Prevalence of risk factors was high, with overweight/obesity the most frequent (43.3%; 95%CI: 36.6-50.2). Men classified as sedentary or with irregular physical activity totaled 28% (95%CI: 22.2-34.6). Smoking was reported by 25.3% (95%CI: 19.7-31.7). Overt hypertension was present in 24% (95%CI: 18.4-30.2) and borderline hypertension in 19.4% (95%CI: 14.3-25.2). Two or more simultaneous risk factors were found in 45.2% of the sample. The high prevalence rates suggest that health promotion strategies need to be intensified in the male population.
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PMID:[Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in an urban male population in Southeast Brazil]. 1918 Feb 93

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US and affects Chinese Americans disproportionately compared to other ethnic groups in the American population. However, few studies have examined CVD risk factors, including diet and physical activity, in Chinese Americans. This investigation used a cross-sectional design to evaluate the dietary intake, dietary supplement use, and physical activity of 125 older Chinese Americans aged 50-98 years, and to determine how these behaviors may be related to obesity and other CVD risk factors. Sociodemographic information, CVD risk factors, dietary intake, and physical activity were obtained from all participants recruited from health fairs conducted in New York City (NYC). The findings revealed that older Chinese American adults living in NYC had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, borderline hypertension, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. Many participants did not meet their daily requirements calcium, potassium, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, several minerals and vitamins important for cardiovascular health. Although most participants consumed an adequate numbers of servings of foods from the main food groups, most did not meet the recommended number of servings of dairy foods and only one in four adults took a multivitamin supplement daily. After adjusting for potential confounders, daily consumption of oil/sweets and dairy foods was positively associated with waist circumference. Also, daily consumption of oils/sweets, meats, and grains was positively associated with systolic blood pressure. The majority of the participants reported at least 30 min of moderate intensity physical activity per day. Dietary intake or supplement use did not show protective effects but performing vigorous physical activity may reduce risk of CVD in this population.
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PMID:Diet, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors among older Chinese Americans living in New York City. 2108 43

Current data on hypertension in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are lacking. We conducted a national survey to inform decision-makers on the current magnitude of the epidemic. We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 10,735 Saudis aged 15 years or older and interviewed them through a national multistage survey. We used multivariate logistic regressions to describe sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of hypertensive, borderline hypertensive, and undiagnosed hypertensive Saudis. We found that 15.2% and 40.6% of Saudis were hypertensive or borderline hypertensive, respectively. Risk of hypertension increased among men, with age, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. 57.8% of hypertensive Saudis were undiagnosed. These were more likely to be male, older, and diagnosed with diabetes. Among participants diagnosed with hypertension, 78.9% reported taking medication for their condition. About 45% of participants on medication for hypertension had their blood pressure controlled. The prevalence of hypertension and borderline hypertension is very high in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, control of hypertension is poor. With the majority of hypertensive Saudis being unaware of their condition, a national plan is needed to increase utilization of freely available screening, preventive, and medical services.
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PMID:Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the kingdom of saudi arabia, 2013: a national survey. 2517 Apr 23

We assessed the prevalence of non- communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors with a focus on their clustering among healthy adults in Shenzhen, China. Data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey, comprising a regionally representative sample of 806 healthy adults aged 35 years or older, were obtained to determine the prevalence of five risk factors for NCDs. The prevalence of current smoking, central obesity, impaired fasting glucose, borderline hypertension, and borderline high total cholesterol was 19.97%, 28.29%, 4.47%, 10.55%, and 36.10%, respectively. A total 63.77% of participants had at least one risk factor. Upon examination of risk factor clustering, we observed that 7.57% of participants had at least three risk factors. Using this threshold as a cutoff, clustering of risk factors was associated with sex [odds ratio (OR) = 3.336, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.782 to 6.246], physical activity (OR = 1.913, 95% CI: 1.009 to 3.628), and BMI (OR = 7.376, 95% CI: 3.812 to 14.270). The prevalence of risk factors for NCDs is fairly high among healthy adults in Shenzhen, with a clustering tendency.
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PMID:Clustering of Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors in Healthy Adults Aged 35 Years and Older in Shenzhen, China. 2908 40


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