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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case-control study was performed to estimate the excess risk of hypertension in a defined population. The study comprised 121 hypertensive patients, aged 40-59 years, and 138 non-hypertensive controls selected from the same primary care district. Parental obesity combined with hypertension proved to be a stronger risk indicator of hypertension in offspring than parental hypertension itself. Other risk indicators were obesity, hypertension in siblings and a positive family history of myocardial infarction. In order to study the size of the problem we estimated the prevalence of hypertension and borderline hypertension in the district. Patients with these diagnoses amounted to about one fourth of the middle-aged population in the district. More than 80% of the hypertensives had been diagnosed before this study, but only about 20% of the borderline hypertensives were previously known.
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PMID:Parental obesity combined with hypertension--an indicator of excess risk of hypertension in offspring. A case-control study in a Swedish primary care district. 649 85

An epidemiological study has been carried out on a group of 622 students (10 to 13 years old) from a secondary school in Naples. Aims of the present work were: the evaluation of the prevalence of hypertension in an adolescent population; the association with familial hypertension and obesity; the persistence of high blood pressure values at follow-up. Blood pressure data obtained in these subjects by the use of a standard evaluation scale based on body surface percentiles were compared with those obtained by two major current methods used for the definition of "normal" blood pressure values in pediatric age. The method based on body surface percentiles has shown the highest specificity. The prevalence of hypertension, as detected by this method, has been of 3,5% as compared to 12,9% and to 9,5% of the other two methods. In a follow-up at one year, while the percentage of hypertensive students remained unchanged in the group detected by the method of body surface percentiles, it decreased from 12,9% to 9,3% and from 9,5% to 7,8% in the other two groups. The high prevalence of obesity and familial hypertension observed in these young hypertensive subjects suggest the possibility of selecting, by body surface percentiles, well defined group of subjects at risk, characterized by borderline hypertension, high grade of familial aggregation, high prevalence of obesity and by the persistence of hypertension at the follow-up.
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PMID:[Juvenile arterial hypertension and body surface area. Initial results of a longitudinal epidemiologic study]. 653 82

The epidemiology of borderline hypertension (BHT) is studied on a population comprising 8390 international civil servants. The prevalence of BHT (systolic 141-159 mm Hg and/or diastolic 86-94 mm Hg) is noted to be 21,4%. It affects men and obese more frequently and increases with age. It differs according to national origin (p less than 0.001), being least frequent for Indians (9%) and most frequent in black Africans (38%). Professional status does not play a role. The occurrence of true hypertension is noted in 43% and 54% of those who were followed over a period of 15 resp. 20 years after discovery of BHT (as opposed to 22% for the entire population of the same age, p less than 0.01). The occurrence of sustained hypertension is more likely when there is both systolic and diastolic BHT, in certain predisposed national groups, in men and possibly also when there is obesity. Even when BHT does not change into sustained hypertension, the risk of cardio-vascular morbidity is increased 2.5 times. These findings give rise to series of practical considerations.
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PMID:[Borderline hypertension. Survey of 8390 international officials]. 663 77

Among 157 patients with borderline hypertension 33.8% developed established hypertension (H), 28.6% became normotensive (N), and 37.6% still had borderline hypertension (BH) during a 3 to 10 year follow-up period (an average of 6.4 years). Significant differences in the clinical data among these 3 groups at the first examination were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), age, obesity, known duration of hypertension and SV1 + RV5 on an electrocardiogram. Analysis of variance showed that SBP increased with age in both sexes, while DBP of men less than 49 years of age was higher in the H group than in the other groups. Obesity and duration of hypertension appeared to contribute to the later development of hypertension because of a higher blood pressure. Obese men in the H group generally had higher DBP than nonobese patients in the other groups. Men with a longer history of hypertension in the H group also had a higher initial blood pressure. SV1 + RV5 in many of the subgroups of the H group was often higher in similar subgroups of the other groups. These inter-subgroup differences may affect the statistical differences in the above-mentioned parameters among the 3 groups. The mean value and standard deviation of SBP and DBP of diurnal blood pressure measurements were in the order of established hypertensives, borderline hypertensives and normotensive subjects when power-normal distribution was applied. There was no evidence that lability of blood pressure was a characteristic feature of borderline hypertension.
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PMID:Predictors of future established hypertension and diurnal blood pressure variability in borderline hypertension. 668 53

To identify the risk factors of borderline hypertension in the development of established hypertension, the relationship between the changes in blood pressure over 10 years and the clinical features in the initial year was investigated in a Japanese urban population. The occurrence of cardiovascular complications in cases with borderline hypertension were also studied. The prevalence of borderline hypertension in the initial year was 18.2%. On the basis of the blood pressure changes over 10 years, these subjects could be classified into the following 5 groups: (I) those with developing established hypertension, 19.0%; (II) those with fluctuating between hypertension and borderline hypertension, 27.4%; (III) those with remaining with borderline hypertension, 19.6%; (IV) those with fluctuating between borderline hypertension and normotension, 22.9%; (V) those with improving to normotension, 11.2%. The later development of established hypertension was found in only 2.4% of normotensives in the initial year. Obesity and glucose intolerance were more frequently observed in group I (38.2% and 29.4%, respectively) than in the other groups. Diastolic blood pressures in the initial year were significantly higher in groups I and II than in III, IV and V. As for the occurrence of cardiovascular complications during the observation period, electrocardiographic abnormalities and hypertensive and/or arteriosclerotic retinopathy were not infrequently observed even in borderline hypertensives. Therefore, in subjects with borderline hypertension, continuous medical management, including correction of obesity as well as glucose intolerance, is necessary to prevent the development of established hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular complications.
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PMID:A study of long-term observations in borderline hypertension. 683 40

Systemic hemodynamics, intravascular volume, and plasma renin activity were determined in 135 lean, midly obese, or distinctly overweight subjects who were normotensive or had borderline or established essential hypertension. Cardiac output (but not index) was higher and peripheral resistance lower in obese than in lean subjects, except in borderline hypertension. Intravascular volume was increased in obese patients, and more so when corrected for body height; correction for body weight led to relative volume contraction. Intravascular volume correlated directly with cardiac output in the entire population, as well as in the subgroups. Intravascular volume correlated inversely with total peripheral resistance in all subjects and in each subgroup. Both correlations remained significant when an approximation was used to correct influences of obesity on total blood volume. Sodium excretion was higher in obese than in lean subjects. Thus, despite the expanded intravascular volume in obesity, the pathophysiologic relationship between systemic hemodynamics and intravascular volumes remains unchanged. Relatively low peripheral resistance in obesity may decrease the risk of systemic vascular disease. Nevertheless, since circulating volume is increased, the greater venous return adds an additional load to a left ventricle that is already burdened by a high afterload caused by arterial hypertension.
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PMID:Obesity and essential hypertension. Hemodynamics, intravascular volume, sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity. 700 72

Systemic, renal and splanchnic hemodynamics, intravascular volume, circulating catecholamine levels and plasma renin activity were compared in 39 patients with borderline hypertension and 28 normotensive subjects, who were less than 5% (n = 42, lean patients) or more than 40% overweight (n = 25, obese patients). Lean borderline hypertensive patients had greater cardiac output (p less than 0.05), heart rate (p less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05); cardiopulmonary redistribution of intravascular volume (p less than 0.05); and higher circulating norepinephrine levels (p less than 0.05). Obese normotensive subjects also showed an increased cardiac output (p less than 0.005), stroke volume (p less than 0.01), left ventricular stroke work (p less than 0.05), and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05) (but not respective indexes), but intravascular volume was expanded (p less than 0.05) without redistribution and circulating catecholamine levels were normal. Obese borderline hypertensive patients had hemodynamic characteristics similar to those of obese normotensive subjects except for an increased peripheral resistance (p less than 0.05). The data indicate that although both populations have an increased cardiac output, the lean borderline hypertensive patients have signs of enhanced adrenergic activity as evidenced by higher circulating catecholamine levels and heart rate with blood volume translocation to the cardiopulmonary circulation. In contrast, the obese subjects (whether normotensive or borderline hypertensive), who also have increased cardiac output, seem to have normal adrenergic activity and an expanded intravascular volume without cardiopulmonary redistribution.
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PMID:Borderline hypertension and obesity: two prehypertensive states with elevated cardiac output. 708 20

The present study examined plasma lipoprotein, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and insulin levels in men with borderline hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 85 to 94 mm Hg) compared with age-matched normotensive control subjects (diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 80 mm Hg, n = 75 + 75). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses were determined in a subset (n = 45 + 45). While total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were similar, levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (0.46 versus 0.41 mmol/L, P = .027, and 1.0 versus 0.85 mmol/L, P = .031) and total triglycerides (1.53 versus 1.33 mmol/L, P = .009) were elevated and HDL cholesterol was reduced in the borderline group compared with the normotensive group (1.17 versus 1.26 mmol/L, P = .043). The HDL subclass HDL2b concentration was lower (0.16 versus 0.24 mmol/L, P = .006), while HDL3b and HDL3c concentrations were higher in the borderline group (0.38 versus 0.32 mmol/L, P = .016, and 0.19 versus 0.16 mmol/L, P = .042). Significantly higher activities of hepatic lipase in the borderline group (282 versus 232 mU/mL, P = .024) and significant correlations between lipoprotein lipase activity and VLDL and HDL concentrations suggest an involvement of these enzymes in the development of these differences. When adjusted for body mass index or insulin level, all differences disappeared, except for HDL3b and HDL3c concentrations, which remained significantly elevated. These results indicate that dyslipoproteinemic changes are present in early hypertension. Although most of these changes are related to obesity, alterations in HDL profile were not explained by influences of body mass index and insulin.
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PMID:Dyslipoproteinemic changes in borderline hypertension. 796 21

The objectives of this research were to determine the prevalence of essential and borderline hypertension in a population of blood donors and their families and to determine if there is a correlation between blood pressure and lifestyle and/or other cardiovascular risk factors. The study was comprised of 1976 individuals, of whom 1290 were men and 686 were women, aged 18-65 years. The prevalence of essential hypertension was 15.1% for males and 12.5% for females: the prevalence of borderline hypertension was 22.3% for males and 15.7% for females. The population was divided into two groups: the first group included only subjects (1170 men, 543 women) who did not regularly use drugs that could modify the blood pressure and the heart rate, the second group included the entire population. In the first group, the multiple regression analysis indicated, in order of importance: age, BMI (body mass index), and heart rate. These variables were important in determining the systolic blood pressure in both sexes, uricemia for males and glycemia for females. The diastolic blood pressure was dependent on BMI, heart rate, and alcohol in both sexes, and glycemia, LDL cholesterol, and uricemia in the men. In the second group, primary and borderline hypertension are significantly correlated with age, BMI, and uricemia in both sexes and glycemia in females. A program of health and nutritional education could modify some factors related to blood pressure, such as obesity and alcohol consumption. The result would be a reduction of the prevalence not only of essential and borderline hypertension, but also of metabolic diseases such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes and hyperuricemia, with a global reduction of the cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension in relation to life style and other cardiovascular risk factors. Epidemiologic study of a population of blood donors. Project AVIS]. 802 51

Dietary treatment is especially suited for less severe increases in blood pressure (borderline hypertension or mild hypertension according to the respective classification). The most important measures in dietary treatment of hypertension are: salt restriction, lowering body weight in obesity, decreasing alcohol consumption. The following measures are less effective or have not been generally accepted to be effective: polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased potassium intake, increased magnesium intake, and increased fibre content of the food.
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PMID:[Hypertension and nutrition]. 865 Sep 60


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