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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1332 patients with different degrees of obesity (344 men, mean age 36 +/- 13 years, Broca Index 1.46 +/- 0.23; 988 women, mean age 37 +/- 13 years, Broca Index 1.67 +/- 0.30), cardiovascular risk factors (RF), serum HDL-cholesterol, and insulin levels were investigated. The most frequent RF was diastolic hypertension (68 per cent), followed by systolic hypertension (56 per cent), glucose intolerance (55 per cent), hypertriglyceridemia (31 per cent), hyperuricemia (19 per cent) and hypercholesterolemia (18 per cent). Only 9.4 per cent of the patients were without RF, and these patients were younger and less obese than patients with RF. Compared with controls, HDL-cholesterol levels were decreased in obese patients, however, the negative linear correlation between relative body weight and HDL-cholesterol levels was only significant in women, not in men. HDL-cholesterol levels were higher in women than in men. Serum insulin levels were correlated positively with relative body weight and negatively with age. Partial correlation analysis revealed a stronger influence of age than body weight on blood pressure, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose levels. Uric acid levels correlated positively, and HDL-cholesterol levels negatively with relative body weight alone and not with age. On the basis of prevalence of RF, low serum HDL-cholesterol and high insulin levels, obese patients must be considered at high risk with respect to the development of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Cardiovascular risk factors and HDL-cholesterol levels in obesity. 701 54

Two blood pressure (BP) measurements separated by 3 months were performed according to international guidelines on 2976 students (11 to 19 years) of different economic levels. Obesity was defined based upon height and weight. With the first measurements, 59th and 95th percentile value distribution curves were defined. Systolic hypertension (SH) was found in 9.5%; 10.2% were males and 8.9% females. The sample showed that 8.1% were obese (240 cases); among them the incidence of SH increased to 28.8% (69 cases) (p less than 0.01). In the entire sample, diastolic hypertension (DH) was 4.3%; males, 2.7%, and females, 5.5% (p less than 0.01). Among obese students, DH increased to 8.3% (20 cases) (p less than 0.01), and showed prevalence figures of 5.8% for obese males and 10.3% (14 cases) for obese females. After a second measurement, DH for the sample decreased to 1.8%. Salt intake and familial antecedents of high BP showed differences between hypertensive and normal populations.
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PMID:Blood pressure levels in urban school-age population in Chile. 729 40

The prognostic significance of risk factors for ischemic and hypertensive heart disease in the aged differs in many respects from that in younger persons. In old age, most risk factors for ischemic heart disease such as an elevated level of total serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, obesity, Type A personality and abnormal glucose tolerance have a less adverse effect on morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease, while an elevated level of high density lipoprotein, and moderation in the use of alcohol each have a favorable effect. A high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol exerts an adverse effect. Both systolic and diastolic hypertension have an adverse influence on morbidity and mortality from ischemic and hypertensive heart disease, as does the electrocardiogrpahic pattern of left ventricular strain. Long-term controlled studies are needed to determine the effects on mortality and morbidity of the modification of risk factors by means of drugs, diet, and change of lifestyle. Such studies are necessary if we are to determine whether hoped-for favorable changes are offset by potential side effects on physical and mental health.
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PMID:Ischemic and hypertensive heart disease in the aged: prognostic and therapeutic factors. 741 Jul 62

We studied 20 patients with moderate to severe obesity (body mass index 37 +/- 8 kg/m2) with obese arms (arm circumference 37 +/- 4 cm). Their blood pressure was measured directly in the brachial artery in one arm and simultaneously indirectly in the other arm using either a large standard cuff (rubber bag 12 x 35 cm) or a new cuff (the Tricuff, Pressure Group AB, Stockholm) containing three rubber bags of different sizes, which automatically selected the appropriately sized bag in relation to arm circumference. Both cuffs showed a significant overestimation of the diastolic blood pressure (standard cuff 13 mm Hg, P < .001, Tricuff 6 mm Hg, P < .01). The error of the standard cuff was significantly greater than that of the Tricuff (P < .001). The differences in systolic blood pressure between the intraarterially and the indirectly measured results were small (0.2 to 3 mm Hg) and not statistically significant with either cuff. The new Tricuff offered an advantage as compared to a large standard cuff in terms of a lesser overestimation of the diastolic blood pressure. In practical terms, this should lead to a reduction in the overestimation of diastolic hypertension in obese individuals.
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PMID:Improved accuracy of indirect blood pressure measurement in patients with obese arms. 842 64

We screened 1.080 individuals of both sexes between 15 and 75 years old of a rural population of Gral. Belgrano (Prov. of Bs As) in order to assess: 1) prevalence of hypertension (HP) 2) state of awareness of the population about hypertension and 3) treatment and control of the hypertensive population. The sample represented 11% of the population between 15 and 75 years old. BP was measured 3 times in one occasion and the average of these determinations was used to state prevalence. The prevalence of HP (BP > or = 140 and/or 90 mmHg) was 39.8% (35.1% for women and 44.9% for men, P < 0.001) (Fig. 2). The prevalence of diastolic hypertension (DHP) was 22.4% in women and 30.1% in men whereas the prevalence of systolic hypertension (SHP) was 9.6% and 12% respectively. 47% of the hypertensive individuals were aware of being hypertensive and 13% of this group were without pharmacological treatment. If we consider the group who was treated (34%) only 7.6% were controlled with the medication. A very high prevalence of this disease was detected in this population. It will be necessary to evaluate obesity and high salt and alcohol intake. The reduction of these risk factors will be of great value for the primary prevention of this disease.
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PMID:[Prevalence of arterial hypertension in a rural population of Buenos Aires]. 854 20

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients in an urban Sudanese population compared with a non-diabetic group. It was found that there was a higher prevalence of diastolic hypertension (44%) in the non-insulin-dependent (NIDM) patients. The blood pressures did not correlate with age, duration of diabetes or nephropathy (9% of cases), but obesity which was detected in 34% of the NIDD group may possibly explain the high prevalence of hypertension.
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PMID:Pattern of blood pressure in African diabetics: report from Sudan. 858 69

Data of the 1992-1993 Mexican Survey of Chronic Diseases in the Urban Adult Population were analyzed to investigate the effects of age and sex on the association between overweight and hypertension. Blood pressure, body weight, and height were measured in a group of 13,945 Mexicans aged 20 to 69 years living in towns and cities larger than 15,000 people. Hypertension was defined following the recommendations of the Joint National Committee for Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure-V. Overweight was defined following the recommendations of the National Institutes of Health Consensus on Health and Obesity. The prevalence of types of hypertension was higher in men than in women, particularly in the groups of 20 to 39 years of age. Cross-classification of subjects according to the presence of hypertension and overweight confirmed the association between both variables. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals indicated that overweight was associated with systolic and diastolic hypertension and with isolated diastolic hypertension in women and, to a lesser extent, in men. This association was not found in the 60- to 69-year group in both sexes. Overweight did not show significant association with isolated systolic hypertension in both sexes. Results of a multiple logistic regression analysis of overweight on hypertension, controlling for age and sex, were consistent with these findings. It is suggested that other factors, independent of overweight, explain the observed gender-specific differences in the prevalence of hypertension in younger age groups. The hormonal environment of young women is one of the mentioned factors modifying the prevalence of hypertension in this group of the Mexican urban adult population.
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PMID:Overweight and hypertension: data from the 1992-1993 Mexican survey. 932 97

The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in The Gambia was assessed in a 1% population sample of 6048 adults over 15 years of age, 572 (9.5%) subjects were hypertensive according to WHO criteria (a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 95 mmHg or above and/or a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 160 mmHg or above); 325 (5.4%) had a DBP of 95 mmHg or above, and 39 (2.3%) a DBP of 105 mmHg or above; 428 (7.1%) had a SBP of 160 mmHg or above. By less conservative criteria (a DBP of 90 mmHg or above and/or SBP of 140 mmHg or above), 24.2% of subjects were hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension was similar in the major ethnic groups and in urban and rural communities. Age and obesity were risk factors for hypertension; female sex was an additional risk factor for diastolic hypertension. Several communities had a prevalence of diastolic hypertension double the national rate, and significant community clustering of diastolic hypertension (P < 0.01) was confirmed by Monte Carlo methods. Genetic and/or localized environmental factors (such as diet or Schistosoma haematobium infection), may be involved 140 (2.3%) subjects were obese. Obesity was associated with female sex, increasing age, urban environment, non-manual work and diastolic hypertension. Only 14 (0.3%) subjects were found to be diabetic. Hypertension appears to be very prevalent in The Gambia, with a substantial population at risk of developing target organ damage. Further studies to delineate this risk and appropriate interventions to reduce it are needed.
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PMID:Nationwide prevalence study of hypertension and related non-communicable diseases in The Gambia. 939 6

Overall obesity and central fat distribution are frequently accompanied by hyperglycemia, hypertension (HTN) and coronary heart disease (CHD) observed in developed nations and in South Asian migrants. This study attempts to estimate the prevalence of CHD and HTN and to assess the related risks among the newly diagnosed diabetics in the developing communities. From a total of 3583 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects, the authors investigated 693 (M = 295, F = 398) randomly selected non-smokers of age 30-60 years. WHO diagnostic criteria were used for NIDDM and IGT. Systolic and diastolic hypertension (sHTN and dHTN) were defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or = 140 and diastolic (DBP) > or = 90 mmHg. Diagnosis of CHD was based on electrocardiogram either on rest or on stress or both when equivocal. The overall prevalence of CHD in the NIDDM subjects was 18.6%. The prevalence rates of sHTN and dHTN were 23.2 and 13.6%, respectively. CHD and HTN did not differ significantly between male and female and between urban and rural subjects. CHD prevalence was significantly higher in the higher tertiles of age, SBP and DBP (P < 0.001, for all cases). Logistic regression showed that only the increasing age, high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and high BP were the independent risks for CHD. For sHTN, the independent risks were increased age and high body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Regardless of sex and area, increased prevalence of CHD and HTN were found in the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects. Increased age, central obesity and HTN were the independent risks for CHD while advancing age and overall obesity was related to sHTN.
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PMID:Blood pressure and coronary heart disease in NIDDM subjects at diagnosis: prevalence and risks in a Bangladeshi population. 959 85

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has increased sharply in the developing countries and because Type 2 diabetic patients are at increased risk for CVD, we assessed CVD risk factors in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients presenting in a primary health care center in Trinidad. Fasting and 2 h postprandial blood samples were collected from 387 (269 females, 118 males) newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients (mean age: 53.1+/-6.6 years) for the determination of plasma glucose, creatinine, cholesterol (chol), triglyceride (TG) and % glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) concentrations. Blood pressure and anthropometric indices were also measured. There were high prevalence rates of obesity (37%), overweight (35%), hypertension (21%), hypercholesterolemia (25%) and hypertriglyceridemia (22.3%) among the patients and these were significantly higher in women than men (P<0.001). Patients of Indian descent had a significantly higher prevalence of diastolic hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia compared with patients of African origin or mixed race (P<0.001). In comparison with males, female diabetic patients were at greater risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of CVD risk factors and treatment, particularly in women, may be beneficial management strategy in all local diabetic clinics in Trinidad.
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PMID:Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in a primary health care center in Trinidad. 1096 Jul 24


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