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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Healthy persons, patients with noncomplicated alimentary and hypothalamic obesity and those with pubertal dyspituitarism or Icenko-Cushing's disease were studied for serum and erythrocytic levels of alpha-tocopherol. In normal subjects the levels of alpha-tocopherol in the blood serum are increasing with age. In patients with alimentary obesity and pubertal dyspituitarism the percentage of alpha-tocopherol elevation correlates with that of serum lipids and alpha-tocopherol erythrocytic levels are not higher than in normal subjects. In patients with hypothalamic obesity and in particular with Icenko-Cushing's disease relative incompetence of alpha-tocopherol in the blood serum was accompanied by decreased levels of alpha-tocopherol in red blood cells (absolute deficit of alpha-tocopherol in tissues).
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PMID:[Alpha-tocopherol concentration of the blood plasma and erythrocytes in patients with symptomatic obesity due to hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal diseases]. 376 69

Somatostatin content in the blood of healthy persons, of patients with cerebral nanism, diabetes mellitus, Icenko-Cushing's disease, and obesity, was studied by radioimmuno--assay. Comparative analysis of somatostatin, somatotropin, glucagon and immunoreactive insulin content in the blood of patients with different endocrine disturbances was carried out. Significant elevation of somatostatin level was revealed in cerebral nanism. An increase in the blood somatostatin concentration of patients with diabetes mellitus, Icenko-Cushing's disease and obesity was accompanied by a fall in somatotropin and glucagon secretion and a rise in the blood insulin level.
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PMID:[Relation between blood somatostatin concentration and somatotropin, insulin and glucagon secretion in endocrine diseases]. 611 41

In order to investigate cytoplasmic free cortisol (F) concentrations, F levels in human red blood cells (RBC-F) were determined. Mean basal levels of plasma unbound free F and RBC-F in 10 normal healthy subjects were 16.6 and 14.8 ng/ml, respectively. RBC-F in the normal subjects showed well-defined diurnal rhythm, suppressibility by dexamethasone, and responsiveness to ACTH stimulation similar to plasma free F. There was an excellent linear relationship between RBC-F and corresponding plasma free F concentrations; RBC-F (ng/ml) = 1.25 X plasma free F (ng/ml) - 3.4, r = 0.94, n = 90. Mean basal RBC-F concentration in nine pregnant women was 13.9 ng/ml. In three patients with Cushing's syndrome and six patients with adrenal insufficiency, RBC-F showed parallel changes to plasma free F, which were apparently different from those in normal subjects, patients with simple obesity, and a patient with Cushing's disease in complete remission. These results indicated that RBC-F ran nearly parallel to plasma free F under various conditions.
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PMID:Determination of cortisol concentration in human erythrocytes. 631 29

Studies of 125I -insulin binding to erythrocytes (RBC) from 5 patients with Cushing's disease were performed in an attempt to evaluate the insulin resistance in this disease. Five obese, nondiabetic patients and six normal subjects served as controls. Insulin resistance was present in both the obese, nondiabetic subjects and in the patients with Cushing's disease. Patients with Cushing's disease showed insulin resistance out of proportion to obesity, and of greater severity than in the obese subjects. As in previous studies, the insulin resistance of the obese subjects could be at least partially ascribed to a reduced number of receptors. In contrast, in our patients with Cushing's disease, no physiologically significant changes in the parameters of insulin-receptor interaction could be demonstrated. This suggests that the RBC insulin receptor is not involved in this type of insulin resistance.
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PMID:Insulin resistance in Cushing's disease. Evaluation by studies of insulin binding to erythrocytes. 637 54

Four patients with Cushing syndrome were followed for 1.5-12 years. The main clinical symptoms were marked growth retardation and truncal obesity. Two patients had pituitary-dependent Cushing disease, while the other two had primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia. The treatment of choice of pituitary-dependent Cushing disease is transsphenoidal resection of the microadenoma while in primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia bilateral adrenalectomy with subsequent steroid replacement is recommended. In our pre- or early pubertal patients catch-up growth occurred following surgical therapy and in all cases pubertal development proceeded normally.
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PMID:Pituitary-dependent Cushing disease and primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia in childhood. Presentation of 4 cases. 666 37

A 37-year-old woman presented with acute psychosis and cognitive impairment. Skull x-ray showed an enlarged sella turcica with erosion of the floor. Endocrinologic workup suggested the diagnosis of Cushing's disease and hyperprolactinemia. She had no cushingoid feature, and the only physical sign was mild generalized obesity. She showed a paradoxic response to dexamethasone suppression, and underwent trans-sphenoidal resection of a pituitary macroadenoma. Electron microscopy showed the tumor to be a Crooke's cell adenoma. Results of immunohistochemical staining were positive only for ACTH and beta-endorphin. The neuropsychiatric manifestations resolved after surgery.
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PMID:Occult Cushing's disease presenting with acute psychosis. 671 82

Authors describe one case of Cushing's disease in a old eight-year boy, with growth deficiency, pubic hair and obesity. He had hypercortisolism unresponsive to dexamethasone suppression (1 mg). The more interesting fact for localization of the lesion was the more than 50% suppression with 8 mg of dexamethasone, while tomographic studies of sella turcicaland CAT were normal. A 3 mm microadenoma was removed at transsphenoidal surgery. After surgery the patient had diabetes insipida and adrenal insufficiency. One year later all endocrinologic studies were normal. This fact underlines the importance that transsphenoidal surgery can have in the treatment of Cushing's disease.
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PMID:[Cushing's disease in childhood: apropos of a case cured after trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy]. 673 65

Genetically obese and hypertensive rats (Obese/SHR) were subjected to sham or bilateral adrenalectomy at 4-5 weeks of age with the onset of hyperphagia. The sham-operated Obese/SHR ate voraciously and by 180 days of age males weighed 700 g and females 590 g. The adrenalectomized Obese/SHR ate much less and weighed 325 and 225 g. The systolic blood pressure of the intact Obese/SHR ranged from 160 to 170 mmHg, whereas the blood pressure of the adrenalectomized animals ranged from 108 to 110 mmHg. The thymi of the intact Obese/SHR were massive compared to those of the adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy effectively reduced the hyperinsulinaemia, adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and elevated BUN levels of the obese rats. Several obese rats had old or new myocardial infarcts, fatty livers, giant-sized islets of Langerhans, nodular and hyperaemic adrenal glands, narrow zona glomerulosa devoid of lipid, vacuolated inner cortical zones, foci of intimal fibrinohyalin deposits in mesenteric arteries, early glomerulosclerosis, and large, rounded bladder calculi. The adrenalectomized Obese/SHR displayed none of these stigmata. It is suggested that the genetically programmed obesity and hypertension in these SHR are mediated by abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis, may be likened to Cushing's disease in the human, and is associated with accelerated ageing.
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PMID:Ameliorative effects of adrenalectomy on the hyperphagia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension of obese, spontaneously hypertensive rats (Obese/SHR). 701 60

Individual features of the endocrine system were studied in 26 healthy men, divided into 2 groups, according to the characteristics of EEG, electrocutaneous thresholds and the time response (TR) upon sound signals of 40 to 120 decibels. The subjects of the 1st group were characterized by the high energy of EEG delta- and theta-rhythms, low energy of alpha-rhythm, low thresholds and TR40 : TR120 ratio. The patients of the 2nd group had the opposite parameters. In both groups the blood plasma and urine catecholamine content, ACTH, TTH, 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, cortisol, aldosterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, testosterone and plasmatic insulin were determined by means of spectrofluorometry and radioimmunoassay. The elevation of the cortisol level after ACTH injection and of the TTH concentration following thyroliberin administration were investigated. Two polar variants of the endocrine system organization were revealed. The patients of the 1st group had an elevated activity of the sympathico-adrenal, hypophyseal-adrenal system and insular apparatus, comparatively lowered activity of the hypophyseal-thyroid system and gonads. The subjects of the 2nd group demonstrated an opposite character of the endocrine system. It is suggested that the individual peculiarities of the human endocrine system promote the development of obesity, Icenko-Cushing's disease, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly and bronchial asthma.
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PMID:[Individual characteristics of the organization of the human endocrine system]. 712 44

We are presenting a series of 23 patients with Cushing disease selected from a larger study in which the ectopic production of ACTH (paraneoplastic or tumoral), adrenal adenoma or carcinoma were discarded. Sixteen were female and seven male. Diagnosis was fundamentally realized by clinical manifestations derived from hypercortisolism (obesity, muscular atrophy, diabetes, osteoporosis or polyglubulia). The polytomography demonstrated a deformed sella in 19 patients. Endocrine exams showed an alteration in rhythm of Cortisol and elevated levels of urinary metabolites. Others exams, Liddle Test, Metopirona Test, or stimulation of exogenic ACTH did not always permit diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. Plasmatic dosage of ACTH is the best test although results did not always agree with clinical manifestations. In each case we performed clinical treatment in preparation for surgery and later selective removal of adenoma or total pituitary ablation by transphenoidal approach. Of 21 patients, we found an adenoma during surgery in 15; the other 6 on whom we performed a total hypophysectomy, the pathological study showed an adenoma in 5 and a hyperemic gland with thick capillaries in 1. Another type of treatment was used on 2 due to their age. Nine patients were given post-operative radiotherapy. We conclude that microsurgery by transphenoidal approach offers the best possibilities for patients with Cushing disease.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment in Cushing's disease (authors' translation)]. 731 90


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