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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chromosomes of a severely retarded male with extreme kyphoscoliosis and obesity 20 years were reexamined by in situ hybridization of the centromere region. Partial trisomy 18 was revealed.
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PMID:[Improved technique--improved diagnosis. An example from cytogenetics]. 173 46

The use of inflatable intragastric balloons is a new non-intensive approach in the treatment of obesity when poor results are obtained by more conservative treatment. The intragastric balloons are certainly less hazardous than bariatric surgery but their long term effect on body-weight reduction it is not still proved. Several types of balloons are currently in use. The two used most widely are the Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble and the Ballobes Balloon. The Authors report their experience with these two types of anti-obesity gastric-balloon in 60 grossly obese patients.
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PMID:[Treatment of obesity with gastric balloon]. 233 62

Three hundred and twenty-two percutaneous umbilical blood samplings were performed over 4 years in our prenatal diagnostic centre. A 3.5 MHz sector ultrasound transducer was used to guide a 22.5-gauge needle under local anaesthesia. Sampling was performed for rapid fetal karyotyping (within 72 h) in 120 cases, for diagnosis of fetal toxoplasmosis in 133 cases, for determination of the severity of Rh immunization in 15 cases, and for diagnosis of congenital rubella in 4 cases. Pure fetal blood was obtained in 98.7 per cent of the cases after two attempts. The approach to the cord was either transamniotic or transplacental. Puncturing was preferentially done at the placental insertion of the cord (72.2 per cent of the cases) and the mean blood sample volume was 3.5 ml. The rate of fetal death in utero was 1.9 per cent, including two cases of amnionitis, one trisomy 18, and one severe bradycardia. The failures were due to sampling at an early stage of pregnancy (before gestation week 18), to maternal obesity, oligohydramnios, and the inexperience of the operator.
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PMID:Pure fetal blood samples obtained by cordocentesis: technical aspects of 322 cases. 234 27

The Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble (GEGB) was introduced in 1984 as an alternative to surgery (jaw wiring, gastrointestinal bypass, vertical banded gastroplasty) for the treatment of morbid obesity in patients who had failed behavior modification therapy or dietary management for weight reduction. Its mechanism of action is unclear and previous reports have not demonstrated any significant consistent alteration in gastric emptying (GE) as measured by radionuclide techniques. Other proposed mechanisms include: placebo, hormonal, mechanical "satiety", behavioral modification, and neuronal. In order to determine the effect of the GEGB on GE, ten obese (mean % overweight = 89%) patients, 27-50 yr old (mean = 36 yr), had solid GE scans before and 5 wk after endoscopic placement of the bubble. GE scans were performed in six patients after removal (12 = wk residence time). The meal consisted of 300 microCi [99mTc]sulfur colloid in the form of a 300 kcal egg sandwich (egg white 248 g, white bread 40 g, butter 6 g; composition = CHO 40:PR 40: FAT 20) with 180 ml deionized water. Images were obtained in the anterior and posterior projections at 15-min intervals for 1 hr (four patients) or 2 hr (six patients) and the %GE (decay corrected geometric mean) was calculated. Unlike other studies involving the GEGB, adjunctive therapy in the form of dieting and behavior modification were not employed in this study. The effect of the GEGB alone in the treatment of obesity has not been previously evaluated. There was a significant (p less than 0.025) delay in gastric emptying at 1 hr (pre-bubble mean % gastric retention = 46%; bubble mean = 57%; n = 10). After removal, GE returned toward baseline (mean % gastric retention = 51%; n = 6) (p less than 0.05) (Student's t-test). The average weight loss was 5.5 lb (n = 10; p less than 0.025). One mechanism of action of the GEGB may be delayed gastric emptying resulting in early satiety and decreased food intake with resultant weight loss.
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PMID:Effect of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble on gastric emptying. 271 31

An evaluation of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble in the treatment of obesity was done. Several clinical trials have compared the effects of behavior therapy with and without the bubble, but the effects of the bubble alone have not been previously evaluated. Ten obese women averaging 91% overweight received the bubble without adjunctive therapy during a 12-week treatment period. Frequent psychological and laboratory measures as well as weight were obtained during the study to explore the possible mechanisms of the bubble's effect and its side effects. Mean weight change was -2.5 kg, with a range of -8.8 to +1.6 kg. Four patients lost more than 3.5 kg, three lost less than 3.5 kg, and three gained weight. The Garren-Edwards gastric bubble alone does not appear to provide significant benefit to most obese patients.
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PMID:Limited weight losses with a gastric balloon. 291 86

Rapid solid phase gastric emptying (SPGE) resulting in decreased satiety is postulated to be a contributing factor to obesity. Twenty-six morbidly obese patients with a weight range of 189-523 lb were entered into the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble program. SPGE studies were performed pre-bubble implantation and repeated within 2 wk after bubble implant. There was no significant difference between study patients pre-bubble insertion emptying time and the normal population curve. Emptying time was found to be significantly increased, post-bubble implant, compared with pre-bubble implant over five time periods of testing. The Garren-Edwards gastric bubble has been used as a method for inducing early satiety for the morbidly obese patient. It has been postulated that delay of SPGE would be associated with satiety. Our patients experienced satiety despite their more rapid SPGE. Thus, the satiety which was experienced by our subjects was not on the basis of delayed SPGE, as previously thought.
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PMID:The effects of morbid obesity and the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble on solid phase gastric emptying. 319 41

Subsequent to its introduction as an adjunct to diet and behavioral modification in the management of exogenous obesity, the major complication of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble (GEB) was small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to balloon deflation and obstruction in the jejunum or ileum. Seventy-two cases of patients with SBO due to the GEB requiring surgery and 15 cases of patients with SBO treated medically were reviewed in an attempt to determine risk factors predicting obstruction and to evaluate for treatment methods that might avoid the need for surgery. In these patients a deflated GEB behaved as a typical blunt foreign body. If the device is found to be in the small bowel and fails to pass or move and is associated with fever, leukocytosis, or complete SBO, surgery is required since the bowel may become ischemic, predicting the same high risk outcome seen with other blunt foreign bodies. With the introduction of other similar devices in the near future, since these devices behave as blunt foreign bodies, it cannot be assumed that they will pass uneventfully and appropriate evaluation and therapy must be initiated.
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PMID:Small bowel obstruction and the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble: an iatrogenic bezoar. 323 83

Since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration in September 1985, the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble has been extensively used as an adjunct to diet and behavioral modification in the treatment of exogenous obesity. In an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble, a double-blind crossover study was undertaken. Ninety patients were randomized into three groups: bubble-sham, sham-bubble, and bubble-bubble in two successive 12-wk periods. Sixty-one patients completed the entire 24-wk study. All groups participated in ongoing diet and behavioral modification therapy in a free-standing obesity program, the members of which were blinded to randomization arms. All patient groups lost weight during this study. The mean cumulative weight loss in pounds at 12 wk was as follows: bubble-sham = 19, sham-bubble = 12, and bubble-bubble = 8; and at 24 wk: bubble-sham = 23, sham-bubble = 16, and bubble-bubble = 18. The mean cumulative change in body mass index (kg/m2) at 12 wk was as follows: bubble-sham = -3.1, sham-bubble = -2.3, and bubble-bubble = -2.9; and at 24 wk: bubble-sham = -3.1, sham-bubble = -3.0, and bubble-bubble = -3.3. Although weight loss occurred more consistently in patients with a Garren-Edwards gastric bubble, there were no significant differences between any of the three groups at 12 or 24 wk with respect to weight loss or change in body mass index. The major part of the weight loss noted during this study occurred during the first 12-wk period, irrespective of therapy (bubble or sham). Side effects observed during this study included gastric erosions (26%), gastric ulcers (14%), small bowel obstruction (2%), Mallory-Weiss tears (11%), and esophageal laceration (1%). We conclude that, in this study, the use of a Garren-Edwards gastric bubble did not result in significantly more weight loss than diet and behavioral modification alone in the management of exogenous obesity, and it may result in significant morbidity.
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PMID:Double-blind controlled trial of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble: an adjunctive treatment for exogenous obesity. 329 79

In spite of the widespread use of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble as an adjuvant device in weight reduction, its efficacy has not been established. Therefore, our purpose was to conduct a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of this device in the management of exogenous obesity. The study group consisted of 23 patients, 21 women and 2 men, ranging in age from 21 to 53 yr. Patients were 25%-111% above their ideal body weight. They were studied for 24 wk, consisting of two separate 12-wk evaluation periods. Patients were randomly assigned either to receive the gastric bubble or to have a sham procedure. After the first 12-wk evaluation period, the gastric bubble and sham were administered in crossover fashion, so that those who had received the gastric bubble initially received the sham later and vice versa. The study coordinator remained blind to the kind of treatment, weighed each patient biweekly, enforced dietary counseling, and provided behavior modification. Those who had passed or were found to have a deflated bubble at the end of the treatment period were excluded from the study. Mean weight reduction in the two evaluation periods did not differ significantly. Patients lost 5.4 +/- 1.7 kg (mean +/- SE) during the gastric bubble period and 5.20 +/- 0.8 kg during the sham period. The order of administration of the gastric bubble and sham did not significantly affect the result. The time-course of mean biweekly values, however, revealed that with the gastric bubble, weight loss was significantly greater only during first (p less than 0.005) and second (p less than 0.025) 2-wk evaluation periods. This difference, however, disappeared after the initial 4 wk of treatment. These observations suggest that although gastric bubble implantation reduced weight significantly more than the sham procedure initially, the mean weight loss during 12 wk of evaluation was not different between the two periods. In our opinion, the gastric bubble is of no value as an adjuvant device in weight reduction.
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PMID:Effect of gastric bubble as a weight reduction device: a controlled, crossover study. 329 80

A 39-yr-old woman was treated with Garren-Edwards gastric bubble, a new nonsurgical device for the treatment of obesity. The patient did well for 31/2 months before presenting with a partial small bowel obstruction caused by a spontaneously deflated bubble. After several days of observation and therapeutic maneuvers, a partially deflated bubble was removed surgically. Although the patient had had previous abdominal surgery, she had no adhesions that were considered contributory to the obstructive process at surgery; the deflated bubble did not deflate enough to traverse the distal ileum. This case represents the first case of bowel obstruction by this device in a patient with a "normal" intestinal tract. Patients considering placement of a Garren-Edwards gastric bubble must be fully informed of this potential complication even when there has been no prior abdominal surgery.
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PMID:Incomplete small bowel obstruction by the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble necessitating surgical intervention. 382 31


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