Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in relation to working conditions encountered in a primary aluminum smelter employing over 6,000 men. During the period 1975-1983, 306 new cases of IHD were identified which were matched with 575 referents. A logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for differences in smoking habits, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Results from this showed that white collar workers had a significantly lower risk of IHD (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.70). Among blue collar workers, a significantly higher risk was observed for workers in the reduction division of the plant (OR 1.72, CI 1.09-2.97) including, in particular, Soderberg (OR 1.71, CI 1.07-2.72) and prebake (OR 2.26, CI. 1.27-4.02) potroom workers. The risk of IHD did not increase with the length of time worked in these occupations. The search for associations (among blue collar workers) of risk with nine specific contaminants (benzene soluble material, fluoride, total dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, thermal stress, noise, physical load, and mental load) proved inconclusive, with no association reaching statistical significance.
 ...
PMID:Risk of ischemic heart disease among primary aluminum production workers. 338 61

We surveyed adults with diabetes mellitus and adults without diabetes living in the Mohawk community of Kahnawake, PQ, for clinical characteristics related to vascular disease. People with diabetes were selected from a clinical register; nondiabetic subjects were randomly selected from a community register, with matching for age and sex. The response rates among the two groups were 62% and 39% respectively; groups of 82 and 94 people were obtained. Data were collected by chart review, interview and body measurement. The prevalence rate of ischemic heart disease was 48% for the subjects with diabetes and 22% for those without diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio for development of ischemic heart disease in a person with diabetes was 3.56, for development of cerebrovascular disease 4.57 and for development of peripheral vascular disease 5.51. Logistic regression for macrovascular disease showed that age, sex, smoking, hypertension and obesity could not explain the high rates of complications in the subjects with diabetes. The prevalence rates of ischemic heart disease in adults with and without diabetes are the highest reported in a North American Indian population.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of diabetic and atherosclerotic complications among Mohawk Indians of Kahnawake, PQ. 339 36

Men who do not drink are frequently used as a baseline against which the effects of alcohol consumption are measured. The characteristics of such men have been examined in a large-scale prospective study of cardiovascular disease involving 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. Non-drinkers include lifelong teetotallers and ex-drinkers, both long-term and recent. Long-term ex-drinkers have many characteristics likely to increase their morbidity and mortality; recent ex-drinkers have similar characteristics but to a less marked degree. Ex-drinkers are older than the other groups and include an increased proportion of unmarried men and men in manual occupations. They have the same high percentage of current cigarette smokers as moderate/heavy drinkers and a prevalence of hypertension and obesity similar to moderate/heavy drinkers and higher than lifelong teetotallers or occasional/light drinkers. Ex-drinkers have the highest percentage of men with multiple doctor-diagnosed disorders. In particular, they have the highest prevalence rates of angina and possible myocardial infarction on standardized questionnaire, of myocardial infarction on electrocardiogram and of recall of a doctor-diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. They also have high prevalence rates of recall of high blood pressure, peptic ulcer, diabetes, gall bladder disease and bronchitis. They have the highest rates for regular medical treatment and the highest proportion of men who consider their health to be poor. It is abundantly clear that the general category of non-drinkers, which includes a large proportion of ex-drinkers, should not be used as a baseline against which to measure the effects of alcohol consumption. Overall, it would appear that the occasional/light drinking category (less than 15 drinks/week) provides a large and satisfactory baseline group for comparative purposes in the study of cardiovascular and other organic disorders.
 ...
PMID:Men who do not drink: a report from the British Regional Heart Study. 340 25

We report the association between hostility and the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in 3,750 Finnish men aged 40-59. Hostility was assessed from self-ratings on irritability, ease of anger-arousal, and argumentativeness, and four groups were formed from the summed hostility ratings. At baseline, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of the prevalence of angina pectoris between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 2.88 (95% confidence limits (CL), range 1.71-4.77). A three-year follow-up yielded 65 deaths and 109 IHD-incident cases. Hostility did not predict IHD among healthy men, but among men with previous IHD and hypertension (N = 104), the age-adjusted RR of IHD between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 12.9 (95% CL, 3.92-42.6). After standardization for smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, and snoring, the RR was 14.6 (95% CL, 1.94-110). When the degree of dyspnea at baseline was also standardized, the RR was 21.1 (95% CL, 1.59-282). Our data suggest that extreme hostility is not a consequence of symptom severity; rather, hostility is a strong determinant of coronary attack among hypertensive men with IHD.
 ...
PMID:Hostility as a risk factor for mortality and ischemic heart disease in men. 341 67

The prevention of ischemic heart disease requires intervention on the natural history of coronary artery disease (CAD). Because a variety of so-called risk factors influence that natural history, it is logical to consider modification of these risk factors as a way to prevent CAD. Although this approach is effective in both the primary and secondary prevention of CAD, this presentation will focus on behavioral intervention on multiple risk factors in the secondary prevention of CAD (i.e., after the initial cardiac event). A number of studies have suggested that lifestyle modification plays an important role in preventing CAD recurrence or death. Risk factors that require this modification of human behavior include: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, physical activity and, although controversial, coronary prone personality. The assessment of these multiple factors can be performed in most acute care settings. The intervention on the factors requires a structured approach to the patient, taking advantage of the heightened awareness and concern at the time of a cardiac event. Often, several behaviors require modification simultaneously and other disciplines (behavioral medicine, nutrition, exercise physiology) are often useful when integrated into a single treatment plan. Involvement of the patient's social support network is essential. The effectiveness of the modification of each risk factor is assessed, as a means of recognizing behavior change as a way to prevent recurrence of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease: behavioral factors in preventive cardiology. 342 58

In a sample of 3,757 men aged 40-50 years, all employees of a large industrial plant, the authors studied the prevalence of several risk factors (RF) of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in relationship to profession and education of probands. Blue collar workers were more frequently heavy smokers and regular alcohol consumers than white collars. Compared with other workmen professions a tendency towards a higher risk profile was present in employees doing strenuous manual work. These were heavier smokers, had higher blood pressure and serum cholesterol. Within white-collar professions a higher risk profile was observed in managers with high responsibility than in personnel of the research and development departments. The former were heavier smokers, had higher serum cholesterol and greater overweight. The education level was in indirect association with smoking, hypertension and obesity but correlated directly with regular alcohol consumption. Socio-economic factors evidently influence the prevalence of risk factors of IHD also in the Czech industrial population.
 ...
PMID:Occupation and education in relation to risk factors of ischaemic heart disease in the male industrial population. 348 72

Obesity, prevalent in industrialised societies, is most usefully categorised by means of the body mass index (BMI-weight/height2). A body mass index of greater than 25 is associated with increasingly poor prognosis. Weight reduction has been shown to be beneficial with respect to both mortality and morbidity. Excess weight results from an imbalance between energy input and expenditure in favour of the former. Weight reduction may be promoted by reducing energy input and/or stimulating expenditure. It is tempting to postulate that inactivity may be a factor in both the development and subsequent continuation of obesity via an effect on energy intake, fat-free mass or energy expenditure. Although available data are by no means conclusive, the majority of evidence suggests that obesity is not associated with either reduced activity or energy expenditure. Likewise, exercise appears not to promote a change in body composition in favour of lean body mass or have a prolonged thermogenic effect beyond the duration of the activity. Exercise alone appears largely ineffective regarding weight loss and almost certainly has to be coupled with calorie reduction. It must be remembered that the exercise tolerance in the severely obese (BMI greater than 40) is very poor. Such individuals must be closely supervised during a specifically graded programme. What is also apparent is the high drop-out rate of individuals recruited into exercise programmes. In those who voluntarily engage in physical activity, the incidence of ischaemic heart disease may be reduced, which may or may not be related to a direct exercise effect on known cardiovascular risk factors. Cigarette smoking is usually less common and general life-style may be more prudent. Whether exercise in obese subjects could have a similar effect remains unknown. Although much of the data on exercise in general and on obesity in particular are negative, it appears unwise to adopt a totally nihilistic approach. Increased physical activity should be encouraged as it is possible that the discipline involved in regularly undertaking such activity may be more conducive to weight loss, a feeling of well-being and fitness and a general change of life-style for the better. Long term it may also afford additional benefit by reducing liability to ischaemic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Exercise and obesity. 351 86

This paper first reviews the evidence that the pathogenesis of many diseases which present in adult life begin in childhood, and that intervention in childhood may delay their onset. The diseases discussed include ischaemic heart disease, malignancy, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension and obesity. The factors determining food habits are described and the possibilities of influencing food preferences and eating patterns in childhood are explored.
 ...
PMID:Eating patterns in childhood and adult health. 355 44

The examination and treatment of 547 patients with alimentary obesity revealed in them significant impairments of myocardial contractility, manifest hemodynamic disorders (in 65.5% of patients), marked changes in lipid metabolism (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipacidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa in 26,5%, type IIb in 14,5%, type IV in 32,5% of patients), as well as reduced activity of the T-immunity system, all these changes being prerequisites for the development of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and essential hypertension. During examination of the patients' liver, fatty hepatosis was detected in 91.4%, chronic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 14% of patients, manifest shifts were found in their bile biochemical composition, leading to the development of cholelithiasis. The incretory dysfunction of the pancreas led to carbohydrate imbalance in 43%, and to diabetes mellitus in 7.5% of patients. Under the effect of the treatment (diet, exercise therapy, oxygenotherapy, hydrotherapy) conducted in the alimentary obesity patients, lessening of the pathologic process was observed in the heart, liver and pancreas, their functions being significantly improved. It has been concluded that normalization of the body weight in obese subjects is a measure preventing atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, essential hypertension, fatty hepatosis, steatohepatitis, cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:[Role of modern diet therapy in the prevention of visceral complications in patients with dietary obesity]. 356 80

In Japan, the age-adjusted death rate from ischemic heart disease has decreased for both male and female since 1970, although the rate appears to be slightly affected by mortality from senility without mention of psychosis, "cardiac insufficiency", and sudden death in elderly persons. On the other hand, consultation rate has shown an increase, suggesting an increase in the number of recovered patients and a lengthening in the duration of ischemic heart disease from onset to termination by CCU treatment. A 7.5-year prospective study of ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction + angina pectoris on effort + sudden death) among residents 40 years and older was conducted at a rural community, Akadani-Ijimino district in Niigata Prefecture. Statistically significant risk factors appeared to be age, hypertension, ECG abnormalities and fuduscopic changes. Even in 1977-1984 when Japanese dietary habits were westernized, neither hyperlipidemia nor obesity was related to the development of ischemic heart disease in this agricultural district. Statistically significant risk ratios were not observed for any nutrient or food, although the ratio for animal fat, calcium, salted vegetables and caloric percent of animal protein was more than one respectively.
 ...
PMID:Trends in death and consultation rates of ischemic heart disease in Japan and the risk factors in a rural community. 359 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10