Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to assess HDL levels in children of young men with IHD, compared with children of asymptomatic men. Like their fathers, sons of patients with heart disease, had significantly lower HDL cholesterols than controls. This difference was independent of fasting triglycerides, obesity, diet or physical activity, and was the only "coronary risk factor" in this young age group.
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PMID:High density lipoprotein levels in children of young men with ischaemic heart disease. 22 9

As part of a study to determine the extent to which the haemostatic system is implicated in the onset of clinically manifest ischaemic heart disease, characteristics influencing fibrinolytic activity (FA) and plasma fibrinogen concentrations were examined in 1601 men aged 18-64 and 707 women aged 18-59 in several occupational groups in North-west London. In men FA noticeably decreased till the age of about 58, when there was a small rise. In women a small increase in FA between 18 and about 40 was followed by a slightly larger fall between 40 and 59. There was a pronounced negative association of FA with obesity. FA was significantly less in smokers than non-smokers, though the effect was not large. FA increased with alcohol consumption. FA in men appeared to be greatest in the lower social classes, and men on night shift had poorer FA than those on day work. FA was greater in women using oral contraceptives than in those not using these preparations. In both sexes FA increased with exercise, but there were no associations between any of the characteristics studied and the increase. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations increase with age and obesity, are higher in smokers than non-smokers, and fall with alcohol consumption. In women the concentrations are higher in those using oral contraceptives. The general epidemiology of FA and plasma fibrinogen concentrations suggests that they may well be implicated in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease.
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PMID:Characteristics affecting fibrinolytic activity and plasma fibrinogen concentrations. 42 Sep 98

Long-term low dose oestrogen therapy has a protective effect on bone mineral content in the post-menopausal or castrated female. As yet the only obvious clinical side effect of such therapy has been transient leg muscle cramps. Several biochemical side effects could be observed. Low dose mestranol caused a persistent elevation of factor VII and a dose-dependent increase in both factors VII and X was observed using oestriol hemisuccinate. Such effects are more likely to be dose-related than related to the type of oestrogen prescribed. Effects of oestrogens on lipids, and cholesterol in particular, may be dose-related also. Changes in blood pressure in post-menopausal women are more likely to be related to obesity than to oestrogen treatment which would seem to have a protective effect against weight increase. No marked changes in the mean risk score for ischaemic heart disease could be detected during oestrogen treatment.
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PMID:Vascular complications of long-term oestrogen therapy. 61 42

A strong case exists in favour of encouraging children not to smoke, to be reasonably physically active and to eat in moderation to avoid obesity. The principal role of the paediatrician is in the education of health personnel who are in a position to influence children and their families to adopt these measures. Paediatricians will also be involved with children at special risk of ischaemic heart disease. They have a responsibility to promote reasearch to determine the efficacy of these measures in the prevention of coronary heart disease.
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PMID:The paediatrician's responsibility for the prevention of coronary heart disease. 65 91

In a retrospective survey of 1,118 admissions for acute ischemic heart disease (AIHD) at St. Luke's Hospital in Malta in 1963-72, there were 945 (84.5%) cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 173 (15.5%) cases of acute coronary insufficiency (ACI). The proportion of patients with diabetes was 30.2% (30.7% in AMI, and 27.7% in ACI; age-corrected rates at greater than or equal to 40 years). This was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the corresponding rate of diabetes (20.2%) in the general population of Malta. There was a significantly greater prevalence of diabetes among women than among men with AIHD: the proportion with diabetes was 50.0% among women with AMI and 41.3 among women with ACI. The diabetes was mostly of the maturity-onset type. The high frequency of AIHD among diabetics seemed to be chiefly attributable to the effects of the diabetic state, either directly or indirectly through its association with other risk factors: obesity, physical inactivity, excessive eating and high plasma cholesterol levels. Diastolic hypertension and chronic bronchitis and emphysema associated withe heavy smoking were no more common in diabetics than in nondiabetics with AMI.
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PMID:Diabetes as a coronary risk factor in Malta. 66 17

A method is presented for the determination of serum lipid groups changes in conditions of venous fatty tolerance test as well as for time defining in reaching the initial levels of serum triglycerides. A variant of the quantitative thin-layer chromatography is applied, combined with carbonization and densitometry for lipid groups determination in the serum of 40 patients, subdivided into four groups: with chronic ischemic heart disease, with arterial hypertension, with obesity and a control ggroup. Lipid analysis was carried out by the 5th, 20th and 40th minute after the beginning of the test. After loading with Intralipid, it was established to develop quantitative changes not only in triglycerides but in the rest of the lipid groups as well. At the same time, the time for reaching the initial values of triglycerides, calculated by extrapolation, shows significant differences between the control group and those with ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension. The investigation method adopted guarantees more thorough information about lipid changes after Intralipid infection, than the method with the determination of plasma opasity in corresponding time intervals. The criterion "time for reaching the initial values" characterized more fully the dynamic changes in triglycerides and could be used in the detection of latent anomalies in lipid metabolism.
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PMID:[Serum lipid group response after intralipid loading]. 67 2

Four hundred sixty patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were examined: 226 of them--with myocardial infarction; 38--stenocardia, 196--myocardiosclerosis. With age advancing all forms of IHD increase. The incidence of the followed up risk factors progessively increases. Hypertension has the greatest share--56.30 per cent out of all the subjects examined. Second place as regards incidence is occupied by the emotional stress--46.52 per cent. Further they are as follows: heredity--38.91 per cent; tobacco smoking--34.57 per cent, sedentary life--32,83 per cent, obesity--31.52 per cent, overfeeding--30 per cent, hypercholesterinemia--30 per cent, diabetes--17.61 per cent. The significance of the indicated risk factors alarmingly grows, consideration given to their combined effect. An average of 3.18 risk factors fall on patient. In patients with myocardial infarction they are more frequent and appear at an earlier age. Such an accumulation of the noxae upon the contemporary man requires the complex effors of the whole society.
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PMID:[Risk factors in ischemic heart disease patients]. 73 28

Crude fiber (CF) is the residue of plant food left after extraction by dilute acid followed by dilute alkali. Dietary fiber (DF), a new term, is the residue of plant food resistant to hydrolysis by human alimentary enzymes. DF is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; these constituents are not reported in food tables. For instance, whole wheatmeal has DF about 11%, CF about 2%. It is suggested that a new term, dietary fiber complex (DFC), should include all substances of DF plus all chemical compounds naturally associated with, and concentrated around, these structural polymers. CF supplies from starchy staples, wheat and potato, in England and Wales were probably stationary from 1770 to 1860, fell greatly from 1860 to 1910, rose during food controls in 1942 to 1953, and declined slightly from 1954 to 1970. It is postulated that fiber is a protective factor against certain colonic disorders, such as diverticular disease, and certain metabolic diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These three diseases had changing trends of mortality rates in England during the food control years. Westernization of African diets is accompanied by a large fall in CF from starchy foods and vegetables and an increased prevalence of the same three diseases.
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PMID:Definition of dietary fiber and hypotheses that it is a protective factor in certain diseases. 77 66

The correlational connection between some factors of risk and ergometric indices in patients with ischemic heart disease was studied. The results of an examination covering 188 patients and 56 practically healthy persons which involved the use of a graded stepwise increasing loading on a veloergometer under a monitored control of the pulse rate, ECG and arterial pressure were analyzed. To the risk factors were referred hypercholesterinemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity and hypodynamia. With a rising number of risk factors a significant and progressive decline of the patients' physical performance capacity was ascertained. The most essential correlational connection between the risk factors and the maximally tolerable load and chronotropic and aerobic reserves was educed.
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PMID:[Ergometry and the risk factors in ischemic heart disease]. 92 78

A longitudinal epidemiological study of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in men aged 40-59 years showed that the five-year incidence of the manifest form was 7.8% in agricultural workers and 9.7% in industrial employees. The corresponding incidence of the latent form was 9.0% and 12.2%, respectively. The differences in the incidence of both forms between the population samples studied was at the border of statistical significance. The importance of risk factors was evaluated on the basis of the score represented by the difference between the respective five-year incidence of IHD in subjects with and without the risk factors concerned. The highest relative scores were found with systolic and diastolic hypertension, positive family history and obesity. For prognostic purposes, the total relative risk, represented by the sum of the scores of the risk factors proved to be useful. Autopsies confirmed that a total relative risk exceeding 40% was a sensitive indicator of morphological substrate of coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Incidence of ischaemic heart disease and prognostic importance of risk factors in agricultural and industrial populations. 94 73


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