Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 62-year-old male with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) associated with Cushing's syndrome and diabetes insipidus (DI) is reported. The patient was referred to our hospital for treatment of SCLC. A diagnosis of paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome was made on the basis of an elevated serum ACTH (623.5 pg/ml) level, elevated excretion of urinary 17-OHCS (18.01 mg/day), obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, persistent hypokalemia, alkalosis, and no history of diabetes mellitus. He was also diagnosed as having DI based on polyuria and polydipsia, low specific gravity of the urine (1.007-1.010), low serum ADH (1.4 pg/ml) level, normal plasma osmolarity (29 mOsm/kg H2O), and the results of water deprivation test. DI and a left visual field defect was suggestive of metastasis to the pituitary region, but no lesion was detected by either CT scan or MRI scan. The patient failed to show a good response to intensive chemotherapy, and died of the tumor five months after commencing chemotherapy. Post-mortem examination revealed metastases to the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal region, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, bone, bone marrow, and hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes.
 ...
PMID:[A case of small cell lung cancer associated with diabetes insipidus and Cushing's syndrome]. 839 May 89

A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for diagnosis and treatment of a pulmonary mass detected on a chest X-ray film. Small cell lung cancer was diagnosed from pathological examination of a specimen of the tumor obtained by transbronchial biopsy. Paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of an elevated serum ACTH level (2000 pg/ml), the serum cortisol level (171.9 micrograms/dl), elevated excretion of urinary 17-OHCS (67 mg/day), persistent hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperglycemia, central obesity, hypertension, systemic pigmentation, and the lack of a history of diabetes mellitus. Immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal anti-ACTH antibody of a biopsy specimen from a lymph node with metastasis showed that tumor cells were weakly positive. The patient responded well to intensive chemotherapy with VP-16 (100 mg/m2 day 103), CBDCA (100 mg/m2 day 1-3), and CDDP (80 mg/m2 day 1). Complete response was obtained after 6 courses of chemotherapy. The serum ACTH level decreased rapidly as the tumor shrank. The primary tumor, however, relapsed after 3 months and the patient died of progressive disease, 11 months after diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:[Small cell lung cancer associated with ectopic ACTH syndrome]. 862 81

A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a tumor-like shadow on a chest X-ray film. At the initial examination, he had clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome: moon face, central obesity, and hypertension. A computed tomographic scan of chest showed an abnormal shadow in the lung (5 x 6 cm) with involvement of the right paratracheal and anterior tracheal lymph nodes, and a right-sided pleural effusion. Small cell lung cancer (extended disease; T2N2M6 stage IV) was diagnosed after a transbronchial biopsy. The concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and parathyroid hormone in plasma were markedly elevated, and there was no circadian rhythm (336 pg/ml. more than 60.1 micrograms ml. and 805 pg/ml, respectively). Fluid obtained by thoracentasis had malignant cells, and the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and parathyroid hormone in the effusion (1120 pg/ml and 1810 pg/ml, respectively) were higher than those in serum, which indicates that these hormones were produced by the tumor cells. The patient received chemotherapy and responded well, but he died of respiratory failure 26 months later. The response rate to chemotherapy in elderly patients with lung cancer is said to be comparable to that in younger patients, but treatment may be difficult because of poor performance status and diminished physical capacity. Although patients with lung cancer complicated by Cushing's syndrome have a poor prognosis, this patient survived for more than 2 years after the disease was diagnosed.
 ...
PMID:[Cushing's syndrome due to small cell lung cancer with ectopic production of adrenocorticotropic and parathyroid hormone]. 915 97

The aim of our study was to assess frequency of death from myocardial infarction in patients (pts) treated for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). 33 out of 845 patients treated for SCLC died from myocardial infarction. All patients were smokers. In 6 patients coexisted hypertension, in 2--diabetes and in 5--obesity. Eight patients have had cardiac disease in anamnesis. All patients were treated with one or more number of cardiotoxic drugs as DDP, VCR or VBL, E, MTX and ADR which are able to cause ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction. Sixteen out of 33 patients have had radiotherapy of lung tumour. Death from myocardial infarction occurred from 0.5 up till 98.5 months from the beginning of start treatment. Eighteen men died from myocardial infarction in the first year of treatment. Risk of death from myocardial infarction was 15 times greater in men with SCLC than in men of the polish population at the same age and at the same time.
 ...
PMID:[Myocardial infarction as a cause of death in patients treated for small cell lung cancer]. 1080 90

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is caused most frequently by a bronchial carcinoid tumor or by small cell lung cancer. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare etiology of ectopic ACTH syndrome. We describe a case of Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production from MTC in a 48-year-old male. He was diagnosed with MTC 14 years ago and underwent total thyroidectomy, cervical lymph node dissection and a series of metastasectomies. MTC was confirmed by the pathological examination of the thyroid and metastatic mediastinal lymph node tissues. Two years after his last surgery, he developed Cushingoid features, such as moon face and central obesity, accompanied by uncontrolled hypertension and new-onset diabetes. The laboratory results were compatible with ectopic ACTH syndrome. A bilateral adrenalectomy improved the clinical and laboratory findings that were associated with Cushing syndrome. This is the first confirmed case of ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by MTC in Korea.
...
PMID:Medullary thyroid carcinoma with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. 2474 61

Recent metabolic and genetic research has demonstrated that risk for specific histological types of lung cancer varies in relation to cigarette smoking and obesity. This study investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer histological types in Kentucky, a largely rural state with high rates of smoking and obesity, to discern population-level trends that might reflect variation in these and other risk factors. The Kentucky Cancer Registry provided residential geographic coordinates for lung cancer cases diagnosed from 1995 through 2014. We used multinomial and discrete Poisson spatiotemporal scan statistics, adjusted for age, gender, and race, to characterize risk for specific histological types-small cell, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and other types-throughout Kentucky and compared to maps of risk factors. Toward the end of the study period, adenocarcinoma was more common among all population subgroups in north-central Kentucky, where smoking and obesity are less prevalent. During the same time frame, squamous cell, small cell, and other types were more common in rural Appalachia, where smoking and obesity are more prevalent, and in some high poverty urban areas. Spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution of histological types of lung cancer are likely related to regional variation in multiple risk factors. High smoking and obesity rates in the Appalachian region, and likely in high poverty urban areas, appeared to coincide with high rates of squamous cell and small cell lung cancer. In north-central Kentucky, environmental exposures might have resulted in higher risk for adenocarcinoma specifically.
 ...
PMID:Spatiotemporal Analysis of Lung Cancer Histological Types in Kentucky, 1995-2014. 3101 79

Obesity is associated with increased incidence and worse prognosis of more than one dozen tumor types; however, the molecular mechanisms for this association remain under debate. We hypothesized that insulin, which is elevated in obesity-driven insulin resistance, would increase tumor glucose oxidation in obesity-associated tumors. To test this hypothesis, we applied and validated a stable isotope method to measure the ratio of pyruvate dehydrogenase flux to citrate synthase flux (VPDH/VCS, i.e. the percent of total mitochondrial oxidation fueled by glucose) in tumor cells. Using this method, we found that three tumor cell lines associated with obesity (colon cancer [MC38], breast cancer [4T1], and prostate cancer [TRAMP-C3] cells) increase VPDH/VCS in response to physiologic concentrations of insulin. In contrast, three tumor cell lines that are not associated with obesity (melanoma [YUMM1.7], B cell lymphoma [BCL1 clone 5B1b], and small cell lung cancer [NCI-H69] cells) exhibited no oxidative response to insulin. The observed increase in glucose oxidation in response to insulin correlated with a dose-dependent increase in cell division in obesity-associated tumor cell lines when grown in insulin, whereas no alteration in cell division was seen in tumor types not associated with obesity. These data reveal that a shift in substrate preference in the setting of physiologic insulin may comprise a metabolic signature of obesity-associated tumors that differs from that of those not associated with obesity.
 ...
PMID:Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidation. 3118 72