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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A community based epidemiological study of coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out in a random sample of 13723 adults in the age group of 25-64 years in the urban population of Delhi. The electrocardiogram (ECG) of all clinically detected CHD cases and of a sample of 5621 persons (selected on the basis of alternate household screened) without clinical manifestations of CHD, was obtained. Out of 5621 persons labelled as asymptomatic, CHD evidence of Q wave myocardial infarction (MI) was present in 80 ECGs (1.4%). Another 296 ECGs had ST & T changes vide Minnesota Code 4-1-1, 4-1-2, 5-1 and 5-2 acceptable as evidence of probable CHD. The overall prevalence rate of asymptomatic CHD was 6.7% (male 5.6%, female 7.6%). Silent MI was more common in the male patients (1.7% vs 1.1%, p < 0.001). However, ST-T changes were more common in female patients (6.5% vs 3.9%, p < 0.001). The ST-T changes showed a steady factor in asymptomatic CHD cases was hypertension in both sexes (male-45.2%, female-43.5%) p = NS. Obesity was present in 24% of male & 46.1% of female patients (p < 0.001). Family history was found in 20% cases of both sexes. Smoking was recorded in 34.9% male and 10.9% female patients with asymptomatic CHD (p < 0.001).
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PMID:Asymptomatic coronary heart disease detected on epidemiological survey of urban population of Delhi. 142 39

A community based survey of coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out in Gujarati families settled in Delhi. The number of adults surveyed in the age group 25-64 yr was 1317. CHD was diagnosed either on the basis of clinical history supported by documentary evidence of treatment in the hospital or at home or on ECG evidence in accordance with the Minnesota Code. The prevalence rate of CHD on clinical history was 25.1 (28.2 in males and 22.4 in females) per 1000 adults (25-64 yr). The prevalence rates were slightly lower in Gujaratis than the general Delhi urban population. The prevalence rate based on both clinical history and ECG criteria was estimated at 66.8 as compared to 96.8/1000 in general urban Delhi population. The risk factors for CHD such as socio-economic status, family history, obesity, smoking, physical activity and hypertension were studied. The mean and 5th, 50th and 95th percentile values of blood lipids were also estimated in CHD patients and compared with the control group. Hypertension ranked the leading risk factor. Prevalence rate of CHD was higher in the upper socioeconomic group. The positive correlation of higher levels of serum lipids e.g., total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride with CHD was confirmed.
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PMID:Epidemiological study of coronary heart disease in Gujaratis in Delhi (India). 142 51

Four hundred and fifty four adolescent girls (11-18 years) were screened for nutritional disorders by anthropometry (weight, height and triceps skinfold measurements), clinical examination and hemoglobin estimation. Of these, 56% belonged to high socio-economic groups (Group A) and the rest (44%) to lower middle class (Group B). A large number of girls from Group B were undernourished (35.5% had weight/height2 less than the fifth percentile of reference standard) stressing the need for nutritional screening, nutrition and health education. Obesity was prevalent in 3.1% of Group A adolescents. Goitre grade I or more was observed in a high proportion of Group B girls, stressing the need for continued consumption of iodized salt in Delhi. Anemia appears to be a major health problem in adolescent girls in both groups (47, 56% in Groups A and B, respectively) underlying the ned for iron supplementation along with health education.
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PMID:Nutritional disorders in adolescent girls. 145 17

A community based survey of coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out on a random urban sample of 13,723 adults in the age group 25-64 yr in Delhi, India. CHD was diagnosed either on the basis of clinical history supported by documentary evidence of treatment in a hospital or at home; or on ECG evidence in accordance with the Minnesota Code. The overall prevalence of CHD based on clinical history, was 31.9 (39.5 in males and 25.3 in females) per 1000 adults in this age group. The number of patients with CHD increased with advancing age in both sexes. The total prevalence rate based on both clinical history and ECG criteria (asymptomatic patients with ECG changes of definite myocardial infarction and ST-T changes suggestive of CHD) was estimated as 96.7/1000 adults in this age group. Analysis of information on socio-economic status, family history of CHD, obesity, hypertension and smoking obtained from this sample of 13,723 adults suggested that hypertension had the strongest association with CHD. Obesity, diabetes and family history were also found to be associated with CHD. It should, however, be noted that risk factor assessments in CHD can be done satisfactorily only through incidence studies.
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PMID:Epidemiological study of coronary heart disease in urban population of Delhi. 207 57

The prevalence of obesity and its associations were assessed during a community based epidemiological survey of coronary heart disease on a randomised sample of 13,414 adults in the age group 25-64 years living in urban Delhi. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 was considered to be the cut off point for defining obesity. By this criterion, the overall prevalence rate of obesity was 27.8%. Obesity was found to be more common in female subjects (Male--21.3%, Female--33.4%, p < 0.001). Obesity was more frequent in male subjects with lower physical activity compared to those doing heavier physical activity (29.3 vs 17.5%, p < 0.001). Physical activity did not influence the prevalence of obesity in females. Hypertension (24.8 vs 8.2%, p < 0.001) coronary heart disease (5.3 vs 2.4%, p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (3.2 vs 1.6%, p < 0.001) were more common in the obese than in the non-obese subjects. Hypercholesterolaemia (65.5 vs 53%, p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridaemia (73.3 vs 61.1%, p < 0.001) were found to be associated with obesity.
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PMID:An epidemiological study of obesity in adults in the urban population of Delhi. 786 May 11

A community-based epidemiological survey of coronary heart disease and its risk factors was carried out over the period 1984-87 on a random sample of adults aged 25-64 years: 13,723 adults living in Delhi and 3375 in adjoining rural areas. ECG examination and analysis of fasting blood samples for lipids were performed on subjects with the disease and asymptomatic adults free of clinical manifestations. The overall prevalence of coronary heart disease among adults based on clinical and ECG criteria was estimated at 96.7 per 1000 and 27.1 per 1000 in the urban and rural populations, respectively. Prevalences of a family history of coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus were significantly higher in the urban than in the rural population, and smoking was commoner among rural men and women. Mean levels of total serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher among urban subjects; the mean level of triglycerides was higher in rural subjects. The proportions with total cholesterol levels > 190 mg/dl were 44.1% and 23.0% in urban and rural men, respectively, and 50.1% and 23.9% among urban and rural women, respectively. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels < 35 mg/dl were found in 2.2% of urban men and 8.0% of rural men compared with 1.6% and 3.5% among urban and rural women, respectively. An abnormal ECG pattern (Q wave or ST-T changes) in asymptomatic individuals is also considered to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. In asymptomatic adults, 1.7% of urban men and 1.2% of urban women showed abnormal Q waves compared with 0.3% of rural men and 0.4% of rural women. A higher proportion of asymptomatic women showed ST-T changes in both populations. Rural men and women had higher total calorie and saturated fat intakes than urban subjects. Differences in dietary cholesterol intake were marginal. Sodium intake was greater in urban adults. Average daily consumption of alcohol by urban men was 12.7 ml ethanol compared with 2.4 ml in rural men.
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PMID:Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Delhi. 914 48

In a community based study using systematic random sampling in two urban Assembly constituencies in East Delhi, 420 subjects above the age of 30 years were interviewed to find out their status regarding physical exercise. People doing regular exercise were found to be only 44.8%. The commonest reason associated for not doing/irregular physical exercise was nonavailability of time (63.3%), followed by no need felt by the respondents to exercise (23.3%). The prevalence of obesity in the group doing regular exercise was much lower than the group that was not doing regular exercise and the results were statistically significant. Though a similar association was found with hypertension also, the results were not statistically significant.
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PMID:Status of physical exercise and its association with obesity and hypertension in two urban assembly constituencies of East Delhi. 1202 4

A cross-sectional study was carried to find out the lifestyle pattern and morbidity profile of geriatrics residing in urban community of Vikram Nagar, Delhi. Women constituted 56.25% and men 43.75% of a total of 128 study subjects. Hindus were 89.06% and Sikhs 10.93%. Age group of 60-75 years accounted for most of the study population. 85% of the subjects complained of one or more health problems. 90.62% of them suffered from dental problems. A significantly higher proportion of women suffered from problems of locomotion/joints and anemia as compared to men whereas genitourinary problems were higher in men as compared to women. 42.55 of the women and 30.76% of the men were obese. Current smokers constituted 15.62% of the women and 30.76% of the men were obese. Current smokers constituted 15.62% of the population whereas 30.35% of the men were current consumers of alcohol. 12.5% used tobacco. As low as 10.15% of the population engaged in regular physical activity. 55.46% of the subjects were vegetarian. 22.65% suffered from disturbed sleep pattern. Smoking showed statistically significant association with hypertension and respiratory tract diseases. Physical activity showed association with obesity and disorder of locomotion. Behavior and lifestyle modification in the form of primordial prevention and counseling of the high risk groups should be carried to improve the quality of life of the aged.
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PMID:Life style and morbidity profile of geriatric population in an urbans community of Delhi. 1250 34

Gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare neoplasm that shows, however, high incidence rates in certain world populations. The interplay of genetic susceptibility, lifestyle factors and infections in gallbladder carcinogenesis is still poorly understood. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by cancer registry-based data. Epidemiological studies on gallbladder cancer were selected through searches of literature, and relative risks were abstracted for major risk factors. The highest gallbladder cancer incidence rates worldwide were reported for women in Delhi, India (21.5/100,000), South Karachi, Pakistan (13.8/100,000) and Quito, Ecuador (12.9/100,000). High incidence was found in Korea and Japan and some central and eastern European countries. Female-to-male incidence ratios were generally around 3, but ranged from 1 in Far East Asia to over 5 in Spain and Colombia. History of gallstones was the strongest risk factor for gallbladder cancer, with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 4.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3-7.4]. Consistent associations were also present with obesity, multiparity and chronic infections like Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi [pooled RR 4.8 (95% CI: 1.4-17.3)] and Helicobacter bilis and H. pylori [pooled RR 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1-8.8)]. Differences in incidence ratios point to variations in gallbladder cancer aetiology in different populations. Diagnosis of gallstones and removal of gallbladder currently represent the keystone to gallbladder cancer prevention, but interventions able to prevent obesity, cholecystitis and gallstone formation should be assessed.
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PMID:Gallbladder cancer worldwide: geographical distribution and risk factors. 1639 65

The study was conducted on 1,042 Punjabi adults and adolescent boys and girls (11-17 years) belonging to middle class families residing in Delhi, India. To study the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on various fat measures, a set of 7 body measurements namely weight, stature and skinfold thickness at biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and medial calf measurements was taken on each subject. There was a redistribution of fat away from extremity towards the trunk, a rapid occurring process in males than in females. Increase in body mass index (BMI) with age was more pronounced in females than in males, both at adolescence and adult stage. There was an increase in grand mean thickness (GMT) calculated as mean of all five skinfold thicknesses, in adolescent girls where as in adolescent boys it fluctuated with age. The trunk/extremity ratios reflected a trend in favor of increase in trunk fat, more marked in boys than in girls. The correlations were of low magnitude, however, some skin folds displayed relatively higher value of correlation indicating that these could be determinant of adult obesity.
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PMID:Parent-child correlation for various indices of adiposity in an endogamous Indian population. 1684 42


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