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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A health promotion program called the "Green H Award" was implemented in 1996 for the SURFPAC commands, which represented 35,000 Navy and Marine personnel serving in the Naval Surface Force of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, in an effort to reduce rates of smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, and poor fitness. Commands which had leadership involvement in their health promotion effort had higher levels of implementation, success, and maintenance. Measures of all these health risks improved substantially between 1996 and 1999; however, the response rates for the measures was highly variable.
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PMID:The value of leadership in implementing and maintaining a successful health promotion program in the Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet. 1152 1

This epidemiological study was performed to determine the prevalence of stroke risk factors and their outcomes among Bulgarian urban population. Volunteers, 200 men and 300 women, aged 50-79 years, without clinical signs and symptoms of vascular disease were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire, physical examination, ECG records and a battery of laboratory tests were employed. All volunteers underwent a carotid Duplex scan. High LDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, obesity, cigarette smoking and cardiac diseases were the most prevalent risk factors. The annual incidence rate for TIA was 0.96% and for ischemic stroke -0.72%. Myocardial infarction incidence rate was 0.48%. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) of 50% or greater was significantly related to the cerebral ischemic events (OR: 4.74; 95% CI 1.24-18.16). The aggregation of ACS and alcohol abuse was also significantly associated with cerebral ischemic events (OR: 5.04; 95% CI 1.29-19.63).
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PMID:Prevalence of stroke risk factors and their outcomes. A population-based longitudinal epidemiological study. 1172 Oct 99

Symmetrical mediatinal lipomatosis is a rare benign condition characterized by deposition of a large amount of mature adipose tissue within the mediastinum. Usually secondary to exogenous obesity, administration of steroids and Cushing's disease, it is more common in middle-aged males and is associated with alcohol abuse. Various other associations have been reported. CT and MRI can decisively diagnose this benign condition, which also helps in deciding treatment options. We present a case of a young female with a bizarre appearance on chest radiographs. Isolated, bilaterally symmetrical mediastinal lipomatosis was diagnosed on CT and MRI. The patient was thin and did not consume alcohol or steroids. Cushing's disease and other known associations were excluded.
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PMID:Isolated symmetrical mediastinal lipomatosis. 1184 11

In patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are independent predictors of the degree of fibrosis. The relative risk for fibrosis adjusted for sex was also associated with increasing grade of Perls stain. The aim of this study was to determine whether the risk factors for fibrosis described in NASH are also risk factors in alcohol-induced liver disease. A total of 268 alcoholic patients with negative hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus serology underwent liver biopsy. Fibrosis was assessed semiquantitatively by a score fluctuating between 0 to 8. Liver iron overload was assessed by Perls staining and graded in 4 classes. We have used multivariate regression with partial correlation analysis to assess the variability of fibrosis score according to the value of 7 variables: sex, age, body mass index (BMI) in the past year before the hospitalization when the patient was asymptomatic, daily alcohol intake over the past 5 years, total duration of alcohol abuse, Perls grade, and blood glucose level. In the multivariate regression, fibrosis score was positively correlated with age (P =.001), BMI (P =.002), female sex (P <.05), Perls grade (P <.05), and blood glucose level (P <.05). Twenty percent of the variability of fibrosis score was explained by the 7 variables. In conclusion, after adjustment for daily alcohol intake and total duration of alcohol abuse, BMI, Perls grade, and blood glucose are also independent risk factors for fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease, raising therapeutic implications for the management of these patients.
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PMID:Risk factors of fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease. 1187 Mar 78

This paper compares the effects of obesity, overweight, smoking, and problem drinking on health care use and health status based on national survey data. Obesity has roughly the same association with chronic health conditions as does twenty years' aging; this greatly exceeds the associations of smoking or problem drinking. Utilization effects mirrors the health effects. Obesity is associated with a 36 percent increase in inpatient and outpatient spending and a 77 percent increase in medications, compared with a 21 percent increase in inpatient and outpatient spending and a 28 percent increase in medications for current smokers and smaller effects for problem drinkers. Nevertheless, the latter two groups have received more consistent attention in recent decades in clinical practice and public health policy.
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PMID:The effects of obesity, smoking, and drinking on medical problems and costs. 1202 1

Objective. To assess the health status of delinquent male youths at the time of their admission to a juvenile correctional center.Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study over a 6-year period (1995-2000). Setting. Health primary care. Juvenile correctional center in Zaragoza, Spain. Participants. Two hundred forty male adolescents were admitted during the study period. Mean age was 15 years (SD, 1.3) (range, 13-17 years). Measurements and main results. Health status via medical history and physical examination was assessed according to standard protocols and individualized complementary laboratory examinations were performed. Most frequent health problems were smoking habit (97.1%), drug/alcohol abuse (54.1%), odontologic (40%), psychopathologic disorders (17.1%), incomplete immunization status (16.6%), growth and nutritional disorders (14.5%) growth delay (5.8%), malnutrition (3.3%), overweight (2.1%), obesity (3.3%) , infectious diseases associated with intravenous drug use and/or risk sexual behaviors (10.4%) hepatitis C (4.6%), hepatitis B (2.9%), AIDS (2.1%), syphilis (0.8%) , dermatological (10%), opthalmological (7.5%), and respiratory (5%). Less prevalent health problems were orthopedic (3.3%), anemia (3.3%), otic (2.5%), cardiovascular (2.5%), and intestinal parasitism (1.6%). Conclusions. Early intervention during the stay into juvenile correctional center regarding their physical health and especially their mental health, from the sanitary and educative viewpoint, presents a unique opportunity to solve the basic health needs of these high-risk adolescents.
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PMID:[Health status of delinquent male youths]. 1203 Dec 38

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a broad clinicopathologic spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may advance to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Steatosis alone does not appear to be progressive. The prevalence of NAFLD averages 20% and that of NASH, 2% to 3%, making these conditions the most common liver diseases in the United States. NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance, which may be evident clinically with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. The pathogenesis of NAFLD consists of hepatic fat accumulation and oxidative stress with formation of free radicals. The clinical diagnosis is based on the presence of the insulin resistance syndrome and exclusion of alcohol abuse as well as viral, autoimmune, genetic, and drug-induced liver diseases. Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosis but may not be necessary for clinical management. Treatment is aimed at correcting the risk factors for NAFLD and using potentially hepatoprotective agents. Ursodeoxycholic acid and betaine appear particularly promising in early trials.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 1212 75

Fatty liver disease that develops in the absence of alcohol abuse is recognized increasingly as a major health burden. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions at a Single Topic Conference held September 20-22, 2002, and sponsored by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. The conference focused on fatty liver disorders. Estimates based on imaging and autopsy studies suggest that about 20% to 30% of adults in the United States and other Western countries have excess fat accumulation in the liver. About 10% of these individuals, or fully 2% to 3% of adults, are estimated to meet current diagnostic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Sustained liver injury leads to progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis in a fraction, possibly up to one third, of those with NASH, and NASH may be a cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. NASH is now a significant health issue for obese children as well, leading to cirrhosis in some. The diagnostic criteria for NASH continue to evolve and rely on the histologic findings of steatosis, hepatocellular injury (ballooning, Mallory bodies), and the pattern of fibrosis. Generally recognized indications for biopsy include establishing the diagnosis and staging of the injury, but strict guidelines do not exist. Liver enzymes are insensitive and cannot be used reliably to confirm the diagnosis or stage the extent of fibrosis. Older age, obesity, and diabetes are predictive of fibrosis. The pathogenesis of NASH is multifactorial. Insulin resistance may be an important factor in the accumulation of hepatocellular fat, whereas excess intracellular fatty acids, oxidant stress, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be important causes of hepatocellular injury in the steatotic liver. Efforts are underway to refine the role of insulin resistance in NASH and determine whether improving insulin sensitivity pharmacologically is an effective treatment. An altered lifestyle may be a more effective means of improving insulin sensitivity. The research agenda for the future includes establishing the role of insulin resistance and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in NASH, determining the pathogenesis of cellular injury, defining predisposing genetic abnormalities, identifying better noninvasive predictors of disease, and defining effective therapy.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. 1271 2

Stroke morbidity increases with age. That is the reason why it affects especially the middle aged and elderly. Life expectancy is longer for females than males by 10 years, that is why stroke is a major problem in women. Women die twice more frequently from stroke than men (16% vs. 8%). Stroke risk factors are basically the same in spite of gender. The most important are hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, previous stroke, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity and lack of physical activity. Their impact, however, is different in males and females. Women with diabetes, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, obese, drinking excessive amounts of alcohol and smoking are more likely to suffer of stroke than males with the same burden. A less favourable outcome after stroke has been observed in female patients--higher mortality rates and disability. It is possible that poor prognosis is related to a drop in blood estrogen concentration after menopause. Estrogen replacement therapy has not proved to be beneficial in preventing stroke and improving outcome. There are several specific conditions: pregnancy, migraine in women associated with the occurrence of stroke.
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PMID:[Does gender exert influence on stroke?]. 1456 Jul

Ten percent of patients who undergo resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with chronic liver disease have no detectable cause for this underlying liver disease. Recent studies have shown that patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease frequently have risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examines the incidence of risk factors for NAFLD in patients with chronic liver disease who underwent resection for HCC. Among 210 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent resection for HCC, 18 (8.6%) had no identifiable cause for the underlying liver disease. These patients were assessed for obesity, diabetes mellitus, and histological features of the tumor and the adjacent liver parenchyma. Comparisons were made with matched patients with alcohol- and chronic-viral-hepatitis-related HCC. The prevalence of obesity (50% vs. 17% vs. 14%), diabetes (56% vs. 17% vs. 11%), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio<1 (50% vs. 19% vs. 17%), and steatosis>20% (61% vs. 17% vs. 19%) was significantly higher in patients with cryptogenic liver disease than in patients with alcohol abuse and chronic viral hepatitis (P<0.0001 for each). Well-differentiated tumors were significantly more common in patients with cryptogenic liver disease (89% vs. 64% in patients with alcohol-related HCC vs. 55% in patients with chronic viral hepatitis-related HCC, P<0.0001). In conclusion, the hypothesis that obesity and diabetes mellitus may be important risk factors for cryptogenic chronic liver disease in patients with HCC is supported by the analysis of surgically treated patients. Whether HCC is primarily related to obesity and diabetes mellitus or secondarily to a NAFLD-like parenchymal lesions remains to be clarified.
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PMID:Obesity and diabetes as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. 1476 43


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