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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between 24-h recumbent blood pressure levels and secretory patterns of catecholamines was investigated in 4 patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PsHP) and hypertension and in 9 patients with essential hypertension. A clear circadian rhythm of blood pressure and catecholamines was documented in both groups with lowest levels of blood pressures and catecholamines occurring during sleep. During the 24-h period of recumbency mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was correlated (r = 0.63, p less than or equal to 0.01) with plasma norepinephrine (N) in the patients with essential hypertension, but this correlation was weaker in patients with PsHP (r = 0.38, p less than or equal to 0.05). MAP was more closely related to plasma epinephrine (E) (r = 0.62, p less than or equal to 0.01) than to plasma NE in patients with PsHP. Plasma NE and E levels were considerably lower in patients with PsHP than in patients with essential hypertension throughout the 24-h recumbent period. The sleep-related decline in blood pressure and NE was less than in patients with essential hypertension. These results suggest that while the sympathetic nervous system may have a role in hour-to-hour maintenance of blood pressure in patients with PsHP and hypertension, it does not appear to be responsible for the elevated arterial pressure in these patients. Factors other than those investigated, such as obesity, alterations in sodium homeostasis of refractoriness of the vascular smooth muscle to the vasodilatory effect of PTH may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in PsHP.
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PMID:Circadian variations of catecholamines and blood pressure in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and hypertension. 235 Sep 86

A total of 111 patients with essential hypertension (the II stage) and obesity (the II degree) were investigated for providing with vitamin B6. The functional methods used for the vitamin assay (ACT activity of red blood cells and pyrodoxale-5-phosphate effect) have revealed significant vitamin B6 deficiency in 81.1% of the patients. Vitamin B6 deficiency was intensified in the course of the dietotherapy. Correction of vitamin B6 deficiency with a therapeutic dose of pyridoxine (20 mg/day) during 20-22 days, in the presence of the diet, has promoted optimization of providing with vitamin B6: normalization of pyrodoxale-5-phosphate effect. The hypotensive effect and decrease of excessive body mass in patients who received dietotherapy and pyridoxine (20 mg/day) were more pronounced than in those who received the same diet and the multivitamin "Undevitum".
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PMID:[The vitamin B6 allowance of hypertension patients and the effect of dietotherapy]. 239 75

A study of metabolism of sodium, water and body components in male patients suffering from essential hypertension, with normal body mass and alimentary obesity, has shown an increase in the space of sodium distribution both in absolute and relative values, a decrease in sodium excretion from the body and blood, change in sodium distribution between the vascular and interstitial parts of the space, "dry retention" of sodium in the body. The detected disturbances have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Whole-body radiometry in assessing metabolism in hypertension]. 249 63

The impact of 4 antihypertensive drug regimens on blood pressure (BP) during everyday life stress and on BP during experimental stress in the laboratory was examined in an open clinical study. Sixty middle-aged men with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension never previously treated were treated either with low-dose clonidine (n = 10), oxprenolol (n = 20), nitrendipine (n = 20) or enalapril (n = 10). Before therapy, all 4 groups did not differ in age, weight, degree of obesity, BP at work site and casual BP measured in the outpatient clinic. After 6 months of effective therapy (casual BP within the normotensive range), casual diastolic BP was identical among the 4 groups, whereas systolic BP was lower in patients treated with clonidine or oxprenolol than in those who received enalapril. A disparate pattern of antihypertensive efficacy among the 4 groups emerged when stress BP was compared, with average ambulatory BP higher in patients receiving clonidine or enalapril than in those who had oxprenolol or nitrendipine. During ambulatory BP monitoring, patients treated with oxprenolol had the lowest level at each level of physical activity and self-reported emotional arousal. During bicycle exercise, patients receiving clonidine had the highest increase in systolic BP and those administered oxprenolol the lowest, whereas the BP response during mental stress was similar among all 4 therapeutic groups. The analysis of the hemodynamic response pattern during mental stress unmasked further disparities. Oxprenolol provoked an abnormal hemodynamic response during mental stress tests (increase in total peripheral resistance), whereas nitrendipine and enalapril preserved the physiological hemodynamic profile (decrease of total peripheral resistance).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficacy of four antihypertensive drugs (clonidine, enalapril, nitrendipine, oxprenolol) on stress blood pressure. 254 99

The number and activity of erythrocyte ATPase-dependent sodium-potassium pump units were increased in obese subjects (p = 0.02). No link was observed between the number or activity of the pump units and hypertension. The ouabain-insensitive rubidium (i.e. potassium) transport was not associated with relative body weight or blood pressure status. Sodium-lithium countertransport correlated significantly with obesity but not with blood pressure status. In the hypertensive patients, before or after therapy with verapamil, hydrochlorothiazide, pindolol or atenolol there were no significant differences in cation transport. We propose that the correlation between obesity and essential hypertension cannot be explained by these two cation transport systems.
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PMID:Erythrocyte cation transport in obesity, hypertension, and during antihypertensive drug therapy. 257 70

The anatomical-pathological findings of 15 woolly monkeys were comparable with those described in man with essential benign or malignant hypertension. Kidneys revealed arterio- and arteriolosclerosis or an onion peel-like proliferation, in some cases necrotizing endarteritis. Obesity due to restricted physical activity, unnatural feeding, and psychical and physical stress could have contributed to the development of this condition. Further, high vulnerability of the genus woolly monkey is postulated. Thus, essential hypertension of woolly monkeys appears to be a multifactorial disease.
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PMID:The woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha): a possible model for human hypertension research. 258 76

We defined a relative-fat-pattern index (RFPI) as the ratio of subscapular skinfold thickness to the sum of subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses and computed RFPI for 774 adults (age greater than or equal to 25 years) in 59 pedigrees ascertained through cases of cardiovascular disease. Likelihood analysis of RFPI supported recessive inheritance of an allele with a frequency of 46%, which elevated mean RFPI from .412 to .533 when homozygous. The analysis apportioned the variance in RFPI as 42.3% due to the major locus, 9.5% due to polygenic inheritance, and 48.2% due to random environmental effects. Homozygotes for the recessive allele tended to have small suprailiac skinfold thicknesses rather than large subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Homozygotes were more frequent in younger than in older cases of obesity, coronary heart disease, essential hypertension, and diabetes mellitus; the increase was significant for all but diabetes.
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PMID:Recessive inheritance of a relative fat pattern. 258 20

Studies of cardiovascular risk factors in children conducted in the Bogalusa Heart Study provide a better understanding of the early natural history of essential hypertension. Contrasts in the biracial community of Bogalusa furnish some clues as to why essential hypertension is more prevalent in blacks. Black children tend to have higher blood pressure levels than whites. Autopsy studies and echocardiographic examinations have provided evidence of early cardiac enlargement in children and young adults with blood pressure levels in the 90th percentile. This suggests that the anatomic changes related to high blood pressure levels occur early in life. Blacks have lower plasma renin and serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase levels than whites. In general, obesity is not as closely correlated with higher blood pressure levels in black children as in white children. Prevention of hypertension should begin in early life. A major approach may be to educate children about cardiovascular risk factors and to encourage them to adopt healthy lifestyles while still young.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of hypertension in black and white children. 262 Apr 71

As previously shown, in essential hypertension postprandial plasma insulin concentrations are elevated. In order to determine a relationship of high blood pressure and plasma insulin levels in acromegaly and in obesity 59 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were studied. They were divided into three groups: (I) patients with acromegaly: 7 normotensives and 8 hypertensives, (II) 12 obese normotensives and 12 obese hypertensives and (III) 10 non-obese hypertensives, and 10 healthy subjects. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured in a fasting state and after an oral glucose load of 75 g. The fasting insulin concentrations in all the acromegalics and in all the obese patients were higher than those in healthy subjects. The insulin response to the glucose load was significantly enhanced in all the three groups of hypertensive patients compared with those of matched normotensive controls. The results indicate that insulin may play a role in the regulation of blood pressure in essential hypertension, and in such hyperinsulinaemic disorders as acromegaly and obesity.
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PMID:High blood pressure and hyperinsulinaemia in acromegaly and in obesity. 266 41

This paper reviews the epidemiological literature on the linkage between sleep apnea and essential hypertension. Despite the large number of case reports, general overviews and the wide acceptance of this linkage, surprisingly, only four epidemiological articles were identified. The prevalence of sleep apnea among hypertensives ranged between 26% and 47.8% (mean = 33.6%) across the studies as compared to the estimated prevalence of 0.4% to 1.4% in the general population. There seem to be no consistently replicated risk factors for apnea amongst hypertensives, although older age, relative obesity, and severity of hypertension have been suggested as possible markers for this co-morbidity. The findings require further replication with special efforts at studying: (1) unmedicated hypertensive patients; (2) patients without significant cardiac or renal complications; and (3) patients across a broad range of age, obesity, and severity of hypertension.
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PMID:Sleep apnea and essential hypertension: a critical review of the epidemiological evidence for co-morbidity. 268 Jan 71


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