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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non transmissible chronic diseases, accidents and violence cause 70-80% of deaths in developed countries and 40-50% in underdeveloped ones, including Chile. Their relative contribution to mortality in Chile has increased from 34% to 64% in the last 30 years. Prevention is possible by controlling risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Preventive programs should be implemented based on available studies of the epidemiology of risk factors in our country. Population intervention to obtain better health habits and special actions for individuals with risks factors must be employed. Local health services, the community and the media must participate, the cornerstone of the program being population education, particularly those of younger age. A model to be followed is the Interhealth Project, sponsored by WHO and led by Finland (North Karelia).
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PMID:[Non transmissible chronic diseases. A preventive approach]. 184 31

The purpose of this study was to ascertain adolescent perceptions of health concerns and to contrast the health care provider perceptions of adolescent concerns. The student sample consisted of 179 students from the 9th, 10th, and 11th grade in a 2,000-student suburban high school. The health care provider sample consisted of 74 physicians, nurse practitioners, and school nurses. The largest number of students reported concerns about AIDS, schoolwork, making friends, sex, discrimination, and dental problems. Additionally, menstruation, violence, rape, abuse, pregnancy, sadness, and obesity were of concern to a greater number of female than male students. Homosexuality, sex, auto accidents, and low weight were of concern to a greater number of male than female students. The findings of this study support the following conclusions: (a) Adolescents have more diverse health concerns with greater magnitude than expected by health care providers; (b) health care providers underestimate adolescent psychological and social health concerns; (c) female adolescents were more concerned about their health and more concerned about gender-specific and violent issues than males; (d) women's health care providers are unaware of female adolescent concern about violent acts against women.
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PMID:Adolescent health concerns: a comparison of adolescent and health care provider perceptions. 193 Dec 65

Stress is an inevitable part of life in today's society. Some stress may be beneficial and can lead to improved productivity. Unless suitably managed, however, stress may contribute to physiological and psychological dysfunctions such as depression, fatigue, obesity, coronary heart disease, suicide, or violence. The impact of stress on the Nation's physical and mental health may be considerable. Tens of thousands of premature deaths annually are consequences of suicide and homicide. It is estimated that 2,000 deaths to children and up to four million injuries inflicted by abusing parents occur each year partially as a result of stress. Recent years have focused a considerable amount of public and professional interest upon the relationship between stress and physical and mental health. Scientific inquiry has demonstrated various associations between stress and health and disease and has provided evidence that stressful factors can be assessed. Much remains, however, to be elucidated about vulnerability to stress and its control. Some groups such as teenagers, the elderly, and the economically disadvantaged appear to be more vulnerable to stress, and the public in general has limited information about what can be done to reduce stress. There is a clear need to investigate the psychological, environmental, and biological interactions which link stress to health disorders.
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PMID:Health promotion: Control of stress and violent behavior. 641 16

Forensic material of alcoholics was compared with controls with regard to the height, weight, state of nutrition, stature, the ageing process and the presence of traumatic lesions. Surprisingly, it was found that alcoholic women were taller than controls. Alcoholics were significantly more often slightly undernourished, while the extremes, severe obesity or severe undernourishment, did not show any differences. Alcoholics looked older than their age more often than controls. Not unexpectedly, traumatic lesions were more frequent in alcoholics. The lesions were, however, only rarely the result of deliberate violence, but were usually suffered when the alcoholic fell whilst under the influence of alcohol.
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PMID:External appearance of forensic autopsy material of alcoholics. 787 20

A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to address the possible association of fluoxetine with violence or aggression. Data from the United States Investigational New Drug Clinical Trial Databases for approved and potential indications (depression, obesity, bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder, smoking cessation, alcoholism; n = 3992) were evaluated. Statistically significantly fewer fluoxetine-treated patients (0.15%) than placebo-treated patients (0.65%) experienced events suggestive of aggression (hostility, personality disorder, antisocial reaction). A relative risk analysis indicated that aggression events were four times more likely to occur in placebo-treated patients than in fluoxetine-treated patients. Although the possibility that some rare phenomenon was not detected cannot be excluded, this meta-analysis did not show fluoxetine to be associated with an increased risk of emergence of violent or aggressive behaviour.
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PMID:Fluoxetine not associated with increased aggression in controlled clinical trials. 827 48

Today, there are significant risks to the health of teenagers. Drugs (tobacco, alcohol, steroids and others), sex (pregnancy, STDs, date rape), nutrition (obesity and eating disorders), and violence (abuse, fighting) are unfortunately a part of many teens' lives. These risks increase throughout the teen years. Since each risk has a strong behavioral component, we hope to modify the behavior and minimize the risk. Prevention and health promotion are an important part of health care for teens. Primary care providers, such as family physicians, are in an excellent position to provide teen preventative care that is comprehensive and specific to the needs of each teen.
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PMID:Adolescent preventive services. 946 14

The world's children comprise: (i) those in wealthy, industrialized countries; (ii) those from rapidly industrializing countries; (iii) minority groups including recently arrived immigrants in otherwise affluent and healthy societies; (iv) previously traditional people in rapid transition to urbanized, Western lifestyles; and (v) many millions living in grinding poverty in overcrowded, unhygienic conditions where child mortality is high and often due to malnutrition and infections. Industrialization, affluence, better housing, hygiene and nutrition, better clinical care and disease prevention have helped enhance child health in many countries over the past century. However, this is being offset by obesity, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse and social disruption, mental disease and high rates of violence including homicide and suicide. These 'new morbidities' are worse among minorities and in populations undergoing rapid social change. Social pressures including unemployment, depression and family dysfunction are important. Pediatricians must become active in decisions about the use of public resources in disease prevention, health education and more rational and equitable use of high technology. They should also be active advocates for children and their rights and advise governments about all issues that affect child health, protection and well-being. This is particularly so in the poorest and developing countries. There is a need for better international collaboration, training and exchange programs involving the International Pediatric Association, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, World Health Organization and other local, national and regional organizations to help overcome these problems as the next century draws near.
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PMID:The pediatrician's role in the twenty-first century. 982 96

Multimedia will be regarded as essential tools for children to create their new world. The effects of television on young children's life have been well studied. Television differs, however, from other media, including the movies, in its pervasive impact on children. Children spend more time watching television than any other activity except sleeping. Overall 31% of children spent at least 4 hours a day watching television during weekday and 71.7% during weekend in Turkey. Television's influence on children is a function of the length of time they spend watching and the cumulative effect of what they see. Television may be a cause as well as a solution for many serious childhood problems. Excessive viewing of television has also been linked to aggressive behavior, violence, childhood obesity. On the other hand, television may act as a socializing agent and as a learning tool if the recommendations of American Academy of Pediatrics is learned by pediatricians, parents and broadcasters. The use of home personal computers in urban residence increased from 3.2% in 1993 to 6.5% by January 1998 in Turkey. Around 20% of computer households reported owing a modem. Internet has been using only for 5 years in Turkey. Nearly 40% of computer households also used CD-ROM equipment. The percentage of schools that have a computer laboratory is only 2.64%. On the other hand, multimedia allows students to move away from a uniform education for everyone to assert individual identity, liberalize education and management. It seems likely that, within the next few years, most of the countries with substantial internet infrastructure will use the internet as the major medium for disseminating information, including information on children. To prepare students for such a world demands that educational systems make the best possible use of all knowledge and technologies currently available.
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PMID:Multimedia and children in Turkey. 1077 73

At the beginning of the 20th century, Barbados was described as the most unhealthy place in the British Empire; at the end of the century, it is considered amongst the healthiest of developing countries. At the start of the century the statistics were harsh; for example, there was an infant mortality rate of 400 per 1000 live births. It is now between 10 and 15 per 1000 live births. In the last two-thirds of the century, there was a series of ongoing revolutions in Education, Public Health and Hospital Services that affected the health status favourably. The revolution in education was enhanced by the provision of University education starting with Medicine at Mona, Jamaica. Training of doctors expanded to Barbados in 1967 and has been an essential ingredient in the medical care revolution of the last third of the century. In 1953, the first Public Health Centre was opened and Barbados can now boast the most modern public health and primary care facilities. However, modern lifestyles are associated with an epidemic of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. HIV/AIDS has emerged as a major problem. Health in the 21st century will need to look at lifestyles--the effects of the internal combustion engine, the availability of tools of violence, the lure of 'illegal drugs', personal relationships and gender as well as the driving forces behind the associated lifestyles.
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PMID:Health in Barbados in the 20th century. 1182 9

American teens today grow up in a world saturated with the mass media. In general, the media depict a world in which unhealthy behaviors such as physical aggression, unprotected sex, smoking, and drinking are glamorous and risk-free. We summarize what is known about the media's effects on four adolescent health issues that have been studied most comprehensively: violence and aggression; sex; obesity, nutrition, and eating disorders; and alcohol and tobacco use. A number of approaches that have potential for helping turn the media into more positive forces for adolescents' health are discussed
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PMID:The mass media and American adolescents' health. 1247 Sep 11


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