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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The associations between generalized obesity measured as body mass index (BMI), or adipose tissue distribution, measured as the waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR), on one hand, and a number of socioeconomic, somatic as well as psychologic and mental health variables on the other, were analysed in a population study of women (1462 participants, aged 38-60 years, participation rate 90.1%). The anthropometric measurements were adjusted for their influence on each other. BMI, but not WHR, was negatively associated with socioeconomic status and education. Increased WHR correlated to a number of somatic diseases from different organ systems, including diabetes mellitus, infectious respiratory and abdominal diseases. Even more striking were strong correlations to a number of variables indicating accident proneness as well as mental disorder, and increased use of antidepressants and tranquilizers. BMI and WHR were also associated to different personality profiles. Furthermore, the use of alcohol and smoking were positively correlated to the WHR. In contrast, most of these associations were not seen with the BMI--sometimes even negative correlations were found. Exceptions were, however, varicose veins, joint problems and surgery for gall bladder disease, which were positively correlated to BMI only. Blood pressure, plasma triglycerides and uric acid were positively correlated to both BMI and the WHR, plasma cholesterol, however, only to the WHR. Obesity (high BMI) and abdominal adipose tissue distribution (high WHR) clearly show differences in their associations to various health variables. It is hypothesized that an arousal syndrome might be a contributing factor to cause symptoms of psychological maladjustment, including psychosomatic disease. Hypothetically, in parallel, an accumulation of depot fat in the abdominal depot, might follow as a consequence of neuroendocrine dysregulation of endocrine secretions.
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PMID:Obesity, adipose tissue distribution and health in women--results from a population study in Gothenburg, Sweden. 278 94

Three consecutive randomized open studies have been carried out to determine the optimal dosage of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in the prevention of postoperative thrombosis in general surgery (892 patients). All patients undergoing abdominal, gynaecological, thoracic or urological surgery were over 40 years old and presented at least one of the following risk factors for thrombosis: previous thromboembolism, obesity, varicose veins, malignancy (30 per cent), pre-operative hospitalization over 5 days, oestrogen therapy, chronic cardiac disease or bronchitis. Isotopic venous thrombosis and bleeding complications were assessed after subcutaneous administration of a LMWH fragment (LMWH, Enoxaparine) or unfractionated heparin (UH). The three studies compared 3 X 5000 units UH daily with 1 X 60 mg, 1 X 40 mg, 1 X 20 mg LMWH daily. Thromboembolic events rates were not significantly different from group to group (UH: 3.8 per cent, 2.7 per cent, 7.6 per cent respectively compared with LMWH: 2.9 per cent, 2.8 per cent, 3.8 per cent). Bleeding episodes including wound haematoma formation, perioperative blood losses and systemic haemorrhage were not significantly different in patients receiving LMWH or UH. Significant decreases in haematocrit and haemoglobin were only observed in patients receiving 60 mg Enoxaparine (as compared to UH). An analysis using the 'intention to treat' approach gave results consistent with those of an analysis of good compliers. An overview of isotopic thromboses in the three studies gave no evidence of differences amongst the effects of the three doses of LMWH (P = 0.20), and pooling the results of the three studies using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure gave no evidence of a global difference between Enoxaparine and UH (P = 0.54). These results suggest that an optimal dosage of 20 mg/day of Enoxaparine is safe and effective in the prevention of postoperative thrombosis in this population.
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PMID:Low molecular weight heparin compared with unfractionated heparin in prevention of postoperative thrombosis. 283 30

The Aquatic Ape Theory claims that human ancestors once lived in a semi-aquatic habitat. Some human diseases might be explained by our aquatic past. Such problems include hyperventilation, periodic breathing, laryngo- and bronchospasm, vasomotor rhinopathy, seborrhea, dandruff, male pattern alopecia, rhinophyma, osteoarthritis, inguinal hernias, varicose veins, common obesity, myopia, and ear-wax.
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PMID:The aquatic ape theory and some common diseases. 312 90

The question of knowing to what extent varices occur more frequently in obese, rather than in non-obese, patients is answered variously in the epidemiological studies carried out. But if pathological venous conditions originate in, or are aggravated by, obesity, the question is raised: to what extent is the venous circulation modified by obesity? The authors discuss the factors at play in venous circulation in the obese patient. The effect of super alimentation on the venous system is demonstrated in the autopsy statistics on the occurrence of fatal pulmonary embolism, compared with the general nutrition index.
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PMID:[The physiology and physiopathology of the venous system in the obese]. 322 92

Lipodystrophy, almost exclusively seen in female patients, causes psychological problems at an early age. In later life, additional complaints are heavy painful legs, edema, and varicose veins. Nearly all patients suffer from alimentary adiposity. Dermolipectomies in general are not advisable because of the resulting large scars and the risk of damaging the lymphatic system. Subcutaneous lipectomy according to the Illouz method can provide good results. Weight loss is a good alternative to liposuction of the upper legs. After sufficient weight loss, only additional liposuction of the trochanteric area and the medial side of the knee is needed. No unpleasant scarring of the leg results. Unfortunately, older patients often require a skin reduction. The results of surgery in the lower legs were, except in 2 patients, good to excellent. The results in the upper legs were disappointing because 9 of 11 patients gained weight again after surgery. Considering this, the preferable treatment now is liposuction of the lower legs, medial side of the knee, and the trochanteric area. Only in cases of ptotic skin on the medial side of the upper legs is skin reduction without lipectomy indicated. Lipodystrophy suggests a disappearance of the subcutaneous fat. When this occurs in the upper part of the body, it is called progressive lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy is known as an abnormality of the lower half of the female body, swollen by deposition of subcutaneous fat and determined by heredity. It occurs more frequently in the lower social classes and is often accompanied by an alimentary obesity which is a psychological reaction to the disturbed body image.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lipodystrophy and its treatment. 323 31

The incidence of deep-vein thrombosis was studied in 146 consecutive Korean patients who had a cementless total hip replacement with a porous-coated anatomic prosthesis. All of the patients had discontinued taking aspirin, aspirin-containing compounds, or other antiplatelet medications fourteen days before admission to the hospital for the operation. Deep-vein thrombosis was diagnosed by roentgenographic venography, and pulmonary embolism, by perfusion lung-scanning. There was an unusually low incidence (10 per cent) of deep-vein thrombosis in this series. In contrast to other reports, we did not identify a relationship between deep-vein thrombosis and so-called risk factors such as advanced age, number of venous valves (more than five) in the lower extremity, abnormal coagulation-assay data, certain diseases, or preoperative limitation of mobility. In addition, hypertension, blood group, surgical approach, and choice of cemented or cementless total hip replacement did not seem to affect the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis. There was a low incidence of deep-vein thrombosis in patients in whom obesity, prolonged immobilization postoperatively, varicose veins, and hyperlipemia were not factors.
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PMID:Low incidence of deep-vein thrombosis after cementless total hip replacement. 339 86

The relation between body mass index and prevalence of 17 chronic diseases or groups of diseases was analysed using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 72,284 individuals aged 15 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of place of residence and of household in order to be representative of the whole Italian population. The prevalence of diabetes was directly and strongly related to body weight (age-adjusted relative risk estimates being 1.5 for overweight and 2.7 for obese men compared with normal weight individuals; 1.6 and 2.4 for overweight and obese women). Other conditions directly related to self-reported measures of body weight were hypertension (relative risk = 1.7 for obese men and 1.9 for women), myocardial infarction (relative risk = 1.5 for obese men, 1.6 for women), other heart diseases (relative risk = 1.7 for obese men, 1.5 for women), haemorrhoids or varices (relative risk = 1.2 for obese men, 1.5 for women), cholelithiasis (relative risk = 1.2 for obese men, 1.4 for women), urolithiasis and arthritis. Chronic respiratory disorders showed a U-shaped relation to measures of body weight, since their prevalence was elevated in both under- and over-weight individuals. Anaemias and gastroduodenal ulcer showed an inverse relation to body weight, whereas no association was apparent with allergy, liver cirrhosis, and psychiatric or neurological disorders. Allowance for the two major identified covariates (education and smoking) failed to explain the observed variations between measures of body weight and disease, while separate inspection of various strata of age indicated that for most diseases the elevated risks of obesity were higher in younger and decrease steadily with advancing age. Thus, the results of this national survey indicate that overweight has a widespread and substantial impact not only on mortality but also on morbidity from different chronic conditions.
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PMID:Body weight and the prevalence of chronic diseases. 341 82

Defibrotide, a new antithrombotic compound without anticoagulant activity, has been tested for prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing gynecological surgery (mainly hysterectomy). Eighty-nine women (mean age 48.5) were randomly allocated to defibrotide (44 patients) or placebo (45 patients). 800 mg defibrotide was given daily (200 mg intravenously 4 times a day), starting on the day before operation and then for the next 7 days. DVT were detected by the conventional 125I-fibrinogen test. The two groups were homogeneous for known risk factors (age, varicosities, obesity, neoplasia and previous thromboembolic episodes). The results showed a statistically significant reduction of DVT incidence in patients on defibrotide, as compared with those on placebo: 4/44 = 9% vs. 13/45 = 28.8% (p less than 0.05). There were no side effects, including hemorrhagic complications. The numbers of units transfused were comparable for the 2 groups. In conclusion, the trial shows that defibrotide is an effective and safe drug for the prevention of DVT in gynecological surgery.
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PMID:Effectiveness of defibrotide for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis in gynecological surgery: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 375 34

In order to evaluate the obstetric risks in obesity a partly computerized literature search was performed. Irrespective of language, papers published between 1960 and 1982 were included, provided that they were original and controlled studies on obstetric complications among women with a stated degree of overweight. Out of 143 publications 26 fulfilled the criteria and were included. They revealed information on 10,440 cases. Most reported subjects were only moderately obese. Thirty-seven complications were stated in one or more publications as being significantly more prevalent among obese women compared with lean controls. However, as data were often scarce or highly conflicting, it is concluded that an increased risk is only sufficiently documented with regard to a minority of these complications. They are: preeclampsia as well as each separate element of this disorder, diabetes mellitus, varicose veins, and the need for caesarean section. The significantly increased birth weight of the infants did not induce increase of labor complications.
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PMID:Obstetric risks in obesity. An analysis of the literature. 388 56

At present 3 treatment alternatives for primary varicose veins are available: surgical stripping and ligation, injection/compression sclerotherapy, and a combination of the 2. At least 4 factors contribute to the decision of whether to treat the patient: pregnancy, obesity, oral contraceptive (OC) use, and age. Since varicose veins in pregnant women may later recede, only palliative treatment is recommended before delivery. Deep vein thrombosis may develop as a result of OC use during varicose vein treatment, leading some to advise OC discontinuation. Numerous clinical trials have endeavored to examine the relative effectiveness of treatment methods currently in use. The only randomized trial to evaluate all 3 treatment options over a 3-year period found that surgical stripping was significantly more effective than a combination of ligation and sclerotherapy, and that the combination was significantly more effective than sclerotherapy alone. Surgery appears to be the recommended treatment when the saphenous system is involved; surgery is also preferred for patients 35-64 years of age and for those presenting with signs of ankle edema and flare. Sclerotherapy seems to be more effective for dilated superficial veins and incompetent perforating veins in the lower leg. In addition, sclerotherapy is the most acceptable and least expensive method for the patient. The prevalence of primary varicose veins has been estimated at 20% in Europe and North America, with a female:male ratio of 5:1.
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PMID:Selecting a treatment for primary varicose veins. 389 Oct 60


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