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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a two-month period in general practice we compared morbidity records from the teaching practices at Southampton, UK, and Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Although the commonest conditions - emotional disorders, upper respiratory tract infection, and musculo-skeletal disorders - were equally prevalent, obesity was five times as prevalent and hypertension and urinary tract infection were twice as prevalent in Nijmegen as in Southampton. The Dutch doctors were far more ready to prescribe oral contraception to women over 50 years old. We met many difficulties in what had appeared to be a simple project and our results may reflect important differences about doctors' attitudes to care as well as differences in morbidity.
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PMID:Some difficulties in comparing morbidity between countries. 48 Mar

The most important side effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) and their incidence, together with advice and monitoring of the patient at risk, are pointed out. There is a mild increase in blood pressure in longterm contraceptive use caused by increased angiotensinogen production by the liver. It is significant only for women with a history of familial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or pre-eclampsia. Smoking increases this risk. Urinary tract infections are 25-50% more frequent in pill users. Glucose tolerance is slightly decreased. Contraceptives' diabetogenic effect is higher in women with hereditary tendency for diabetes, latent diabetes, and/or obesity. They are contraindicated in latent diabetes. Findings are contradictory in their effects on cholesterol and triglyceride serum level, but the pill is contraindicated in lipid metabolism disorders. There is an increased incidence in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in pill-users (70-80 additional cases/100,000 user years). Liver diseases, intrahepatic cholestasis, occur rarely and benign liver tumors have not conclusively been proved to be caused by the pill. A variety of laboratory findings have been related to contraceptive use and drug interactions occur with barbiturates, rifampicin, hydantoin, and phenylbutazone. Blood coagulation is increased, partially by increased production of various blood coagulation factors; but more importantly, by a decreased synthesis of antithrombin III, a natural protective mechanism against intravascular coagulation. This increases thrombosis risk. Risk doubles with simultaneous cigarette smoking. Various epidemiological studies indicate a 5-10 fold increase in thromboembolism and thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. There is a correlation between contraceptive use and cerebrovascular disorders and myocardial infarction. This risk increases with age and years of pill use. The pill is contraindicated with symptoms of thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism, sickle cell anemia, proposed surgery, and longterm immobilization. Overall risk factors are not too high. Recommendations for rational pill use related to age are given and further contraindications are mentioned.
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PMID:[Adverse effects of oral contraceptives]. 55 52

The obstetric performance and pregnancy outcome in 208 massively obese patients who were delivered over an eight-year period were compared with those of nonobese control subjects. The incidence of obesity in their infants was also compared. No significant increase in the incidence of urinary tract infection, diabetes, breech presentation, cesarean section, forceps delivery, or maternal and infant morbidity was noted in the obese women. Significantly increased incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (p less than 0.01), gestational diabetes (p less than 0.01), inadequate weight gain (p less than 0.001), and wound or episiotomy infection (p less than 0.05) were observed in the study group. The mean birth weight of the infants of obese women was 209 grams greater than that of the control subjects. A significantly increased number of the obese patients were delivered of excessive-sized infants. Despite this, the incidence of obesity in infants of obese women was not significantly increased at birth or six months of age. By 12 months of age, however, these infants were significantly more obese than the control infants.
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PMID:Pregnancy in the massively obese: course, outcome, and obesity prognosis of the infant. 67 88

We have performed coronary bypass grafting in 25 patients 80 years of age or more. The patients' preoperative conditions were characterized by recent myocardial infarction (16/25, or 64%), obesity (15/25, or 60%), hypertension (14/25, or 56%), and left ventricular dysfunction (21/25, or 84%). There were no deaths in the hospital or within 30 days of operation (0/25, or 0%). Postoperative complications occurred in five cases (20%). Complications were leg incision infection (2/25, or 8%), urinary tract infection (1/25, or 4%), stroke (1/25, or 4%), and transient neurologic deficit (1/25, or 4%). There were no instances of reoperation for bleeding, perioperative myocardial infarction, renal failure, pulmonary failure, intraaortic balloon pump use, or sternotomy infection in these patients. Eleven patients (44%) were hospitalized for fewer than 10 days after operation, and all but two (23/25, or 92%) were discharged within 20 days after operation. All patients were followed up, and survival and New York Heart Association functional class were determined. Cumulative survival rate was 94% at 1 year and 88% at 5 years. The cumulative percent survival rate with class I or II function was 92% at 1 year and 80% at 5 years. No patient had recurrent angina.
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PMID:Coronary artery bypass grafting in the octogenarian. 202 43

In a prospective clinical study of post-operative infection in 124 patients undergoing Caesarean section, 39 (31.5%) patients developed a total of 45 infections. There was no significant difference in infection rates between elective and emergency procedures. Five patients (4%) developed endometritis, wound infection was found in 14 (11.3%) and 18 patients (14.5%) developed a post-operative urinary tract infection. Pre-operative C-reactive protein levels and intraoperative swabs of the uterine cavity were not helpful in the early detection of endometritis. The risk factors predisposing to post-caesarean infection were obesity and low socioeconomic status.
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PMID:Infection following caesarean section. 256 65

Celiocolpotomy and laparoscopy often have the same indications, such as oviduct sterilization or diagnostical inspection of the inner genital organs. In order to evaluate their significance in comparison, we examined the course of operation as well as postoperative development in 773 cases in our department in which either a celiocolpotomy (CCP n = 441) or laparoscopy (n = 332) had been performed. Both surgical methods were compared regarding indication, intra- and postoperative complications as well as surgical advantages an disadvantages. Concerning severe intraoperative complications and "failures" both methods appeared equivalent. The rate of--mostly bland--postoperative disturbances (urinary tract infection, rises of temperature) was higher in the CCP group. Regarding the results, it seems recommendable not to view both methods in competition, but to apply them synergistically: factors such as parity, obesity, prior operations, necessity to inspect the entire abdominal cavity as well as the probability and possibility to perform successfully under circumvention of laparotomy should be carefully valued in deciding which surgical method to chose.
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PMID:[Comparison of 2 simple surgical methods: posterior colpoceliotomy versus laparoscopy--competition or synergism?]. 297 23

Throughout England and Scotland from 1968-74, 17,032 white, married women whose ages ranged from 25-39 years were studied in an attempt to observe the correlation of urinary tract infection to diaphragm use and obesity. The risk of urinary tract infection was not found to be linked to social class and cigarette smoking. Infection was, however, found to be connected to age, parity, obesity and contraceptive use. The risk of urinary tract infection was shown to decrease with age. The risk of UTI (urinary tract infection) was found to be more prevalent among nulliparous than parous women. Women who were non-obese and women who currently used the diaphragm were at greater risk than women who were obese and women who used other/none methods of birth control. The current study along with other studies confirm that a connection exists between the use of a diaphragm and an increased risk of urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Urinary tract infection in relation to diaphragm use and obesity. 366 45

During a 3-year period, 1,319 women delivered of their infants by cesarean section were prospectively studied to determine the type and rate of postcesarean complications and to identify risk factors which predispose to postoperative morbidity. The overall complication rate was 14.5% and the most common complication was infection (13.3%), in particular, endometritis (6.6%), urinary tract infection (3.1%), and wound infection (1.6%). A lower complication rate was seen in elective operations (4.7%) compared with emergency operations (24.2%). Four significant factors that predispose to postoperative morbidity were identified: duration of ruptured membranes prior to operation (p less than 0.001), duration of labor prior to operation (p less than 0.001), anemia (p less than 0.01), and obesity (p less than 0.01). Patients with a combination of risk factors had an increased complication rate, in some cases as high as 91%. The clinical relevance of these findings in trying to decide possible ways to reduce the complication rate by changing the delivery routines is discussed.
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PMID:Postoperative cesarean section morbidity: a prospective study. 688 Dec 24

A case-control study was conducted to investigate risk factors for eclampsia. A total of 66 cases of eclampsia were ascertained from deliveries between 1977 and 1992 at two hospitals in Houston, Texas, based on the criteria defined by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Cases were matched to nonpreeclamptic controls on a 4:1 ratio on the basis of hospital and month of delivery. The ratio of eclampsia cases to number of deliveries over the study period was 0.63 per 1,000. In a logistic regression model, risk factors for eclampsia included 1) two or fewer prenatal care visits (odds ratio (OR) = 6.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26-16.41), 2) urinary tract infection (OR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.27-14.06), 3) primigravidity (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 0.97-8.44), 4) obesity (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 0.78-7.96), 5) black ethnicity (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 0.88-5.78), 6) history of diabetes (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 0.45-9.62), and 7) age < or = 20 years (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.47-5.10). Nulliparity was not shown to be a risk factor for eclampsia when controlled for primigravidity, and neither were previous history of abortion or previous history of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thus, prior pregnancy itself, independent of outcome and preeclamptic/eclamptic complications, appears to be the protective factor against eclampsia in a subsequent pregnancy.
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PMID:Case-control study of the risk factors for eclampsia. 762 9

The prevalence of gynecological and related morbidity in a rural Egyptian community was assessed as part of the Program of Research and Technical Consultation in Family Resources. Child Survival, and Reproductive Health. A medical examination was conducted on a sample of 509 ever-married, nonpregnant women from November 1989 to July 1990. A logistic regression using Generalized Linear Interactive Modeling was performed for each type of morbidity. For gynecological morbidities, genital prolapse was diagnosed in 56%, reproductive tract infections in 52%, and abnormal cervical cell changes in 11% of the women. For related morbidities, anemia was present in 63% of the women, followed by obesity (43%), hypertension (19%), and urinary tract infection (14%). Most of the women were suffering from at least 1 morbidity, with only 3% free of all the morbidity conditions considered. Gynecological morbidity, together with urinary tract infection and syphilis, showed that 35% of the women had 1 morbidity, 34% had 2, and 17% had 3 or more morbidities. Regression analysis of risk factors demonstrated that social conditions and medical factors contributed to these diseases. Reproductive tract infections occurred more frequently with uterovaginal prolapse, IUD use, presence of husband (regular sexual activity), and unhygienic behavior. Genital prolapse increased with age and number of deliveries. Age, recent pregnancy, education, socioeconomic class, and workload revealed significant associations with related morbidity conditions. The risk of anemia was significantly related to age and to a pregnancy within the previous 2 years. With every increase of 1 year of age, the risk of hypertension increased by 9%. For every increase of 1 year of age, the risk of obesity increased by 7%. Women with the highest level of education had a 3 times greater risk of urinary tract infection than did uneducated women, while women of low-middle socioeconomic status had almost 4 times the risk of women in the lowest class.
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PMID:A community study of gynecological and related morbidities in rural Egypt. 835 98


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