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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred and sixteen non hospitalized patients with skin tags (ST) were studied for the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Overt DM was found in 57 (26.3%) patients and impaired glucose tolerance test was found in 17 (7.9%) patients. Sixteen new cases of DM were found among this group. All the diabetic patients in the study population had non-insulin dependent DM. Sixty-two (28.7%) of the patients were obese. No correlation was found between the localization, size, colour and number of the ST and the presence of DM. Our study indicates that ST are not associated with increased incidence of obesity compared to the general population. On the other hand, ST are associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, and may serve as means for identifying patients at increasing risk of having DM.
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PMID:Skin tags: a cutaneous marker for diabetes mellitus. 243 87

Obesity is a health problem of considerable magnitude in the Western world. Dermatological changes have been reported in patients with obesity, including: acanthosis nigricans and skin tags (due to insulin resistance); hyperandrogenism; striae due to over extension; stasis pigmentation due to peripheral vascular disease; lymphedema; pathologies associated with augmented folds; morphologic changes in the foot anatomy due to excess load; and complications that may arise from hospitalization. Acanthosis nigricans plaques can be managed by improved control of hyperinsulinemia; the vitamin D3 analog calcipitriol has also been shown to be effective. Skin tags can be removed by snipping with curved scissors, by cryotherapy or by electrodesiccation. Hyperandrogenism, a result of increased production of endogenous androgens due to increased volumes of adipose tissue (which synthesizes testosterone) and hyperinsulinemia (which increases the production of ovarian androgens) needs to be carefully assessed to ensure disorders such as virilizing tumors and congenital adrenal hyperplasia are treated appropriately. Treatment of hyperandrogenism should be centred on controlling insulin levels; weight loss, oral contraceptive and antiandrogenic therapies are also possible treatment options. The etiology of striae distensae, also known as stretch marks, is yet to be defined and treatment options are unsatisfactory at present; striae rubra and alba have been treated with a pulsed dye laser with marginal success. The relationship between obesity and varicose veins is controversial; symptoms are best prevented by the use of elastic stockings. Itching and inflammation associated with stasis pigmentation, the result of red blood cells escaping into the tissues, can be treated with corticosteroids. Lymphedema is associated with dilatation of tissue channels, reduced tissue oxygenation and provides a culture medium for bacterial growth. Lymphedema treatment is directed towards reducing the limb girth and weight, and the prevention of infection. Intertrigo is caused by friction between skin surfaces, combined with moisture and warmth, resulting in infection. This infection, most commonly candidiasis, is best treated with topical antifungal agents; systemic antifungal therapy may be required in some patients. Excess load on the feet can result in morphological changes that require careful diagnosis; insoles may offer some symptom relief while control of obesity is achieved. Obesity-related dermatoses associated with hospitalization, such as pressure ulcers, diminished wound healing, dermatoses secondary to respiratory conditions, and incontinence, must all be carefully managed with an emphasis on prevention where possible. Recognition and control of the dermatological complications of obesity play an important role in diminishing the morbidity of obesity.
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PMID:Dermatological complications of obesity. 1218 Aug 97

Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease representing a major health problem. Among its consequences, diverse facets of the cutaneous physiology are altered. Some dermatoses are also more prevalent. The most typical ones are acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, signs of hyperandrogeny, striae distensae, stasis acroangiodermatitis, leg ulcers, lymphoedema and intertrigo.
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PMID:[Skin diseases and obesity]. 1269 6

Compensatory hyperinsulinemia stemming from peripheral insulin resistance is a well-recognized metabolic disturbance that is at the root cause of diseases and maladies of Syndrome X (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance). Abnormalities of fibrinolysis and hyperuricemia also appear to be members of the cluster of illnesses comprising Syndrome X. Insulin is a well-established growth-promoting hormone, and recent evidence indicates that hyperinsulinemia causes a shift in a number of endocrine pathways that may favor unregulated tissue growth leading to additional illnesses. Specifically, hyperinsulinemia elevates serum concentrations of free insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and androgens, while simultaneously reducing insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Since IGFBP-3 is a ligand for the nuclear retinoid X receptor alpha, insulin-mediated reductions in IGFBP-3 may also influence transcription of anti-proliferative genes normally activated by the body's endogenous retinoids. These endocrine shifts alter cellular proliferation and growth in a variety of tissues, the clinical course of which may promote acne, early menarche, certain epithelial cell carcinomas, increased stature, myopia, cutaneous papillomas (skin tags), acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and male vertex balding. Consequently, these illnesses and conditions may, in part, have hyperinsulinemia at their root cause and therefore should be classified among the diseases of Syndrome X.
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PMID:Hyperinsulinemic diseases of civilization: more than just Syndrome X. 1452 33

The association of acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance, and obesity in adolescents and young adults represents a well defined syndrome. Hyperandrogenism may also be present. The endocrine origin of this condition is beyond doubt. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, and their receptors on keratinocytes are obviously involved in the complex regulations leading to the peculiar epidermal hyperplasia. This condition is unrelated to other types of acanthosis nigricans, including the congenital and the paraneoplastic types. Control of obesity contributes largely to reverse the whole process, essentially by reducing both insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Several drugs including metformin, octreotide, retinoids and topical colecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) analogs are also beneficial in clearing acanthosis nigricans.
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PMID:Acanthosis nigricans associated with insulin resistance : pathophysiology and management. 1518 99

Obesity is associated with a number of dermatoses. It affects cutaneous sensation, temperature regulation, foot shape, and vasculature. Acanthosis nigricans is the most common dermatological manifestation of obesity. Skin tags are more commonly associated with diabetes than with obesity. Obesity increases the incidence of cutaneous infections that include: candidiasis, intertigo, candida folliculitis, furunculosis, erythrasma, tinea cruris, and folliculitis. Less common infections include cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and gas gangrene. Leg ulcerations, lymphedema, plantar hyperkeratosis, and striae are more common with obesity. Hormonal abnormalities and genetic syndromes (Prader-Willi) are related to obesity and its dermatoses; however, cellulite is not related to obesity.
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PMID:Obesity and dermatology. 1547 30

An association between skin tags and insulin resistance, obesity, impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism has been suggested. However, there still is a need for comprehensive and controlled clinical studies. We aimed to evaluate the atherogenic risk factors in patients with skin tags. Thirty-six patients with skin tags who were admitted to the dermatology department and 22 healthy controls were included in this study. Possible subjects who were taking systemic drugs or who had a systemic disease that may be associated with lipid or carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities were excluded from the study. All the measurements were completed in 26 patients. Standard oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on the patient and control groups. Serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured. LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol ratios and HOMA-IR and body mass indices were calculated. The mean levels of body mass index, HOMA-IR, and total cholesterol were significantly higher in patients than in controls. In conclusion, skin tags may not be innocent tumoral proliferations; instead, follow-up of such patients with regard to the development of diseases associated with atherosclerosis may be beneficial.
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PMID:Skin tags and atherosclerotic risk factors. 1604

Obesity is a chronic disease that may lead to skin problems, including acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, hyperandrogenism, striae distensae, plantar hyperkeratosis, and candidal intertrigo. Although some conditions (eg, skin tags and striae distensae) may simply be annoying or present cosmetic issues, conditions such as acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism may be indicative of systemic diseases. Obesity also may contribute to poor healing of acute and chronic wounds that develop in this population. Some of the most common obesity-related skin disorders and factors affecting wound healing are described with suggestions on how to address these issues. With the continuing increase in the incidence of obesity, investigation into the specific care needs of this population is needed. In clinical practice, measures to reduce friction and shear and improve devices to move the obese patient would enhance care provision. Studies of the incidence of dermatological problems and the best treatments for these conditions are warranted.
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PMID:An overview of dermatological conditions commonly associated with the obese patient. 1679 82

Obesity and its consequences are arguably the chief public health problems facing the developed world. Obesity causes many fatal diseases, in particular cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common cosmetic disability in pigmented ethnic groups. It may present with periorbital darkening or darkening of the neck or knuckles as well as acrochordons (skin tags) around eyelids, neck or axillae. The more classical AN of axillae and groins is less often a cosmetic disability, although it is an important physical sign. AN is very common in pigmented populations throughout the world, irrespective of domicile. It is rare in whites. AN is closely associated with all the features of the insulin-resistance syndrome (IRS), especially obesity. AN and IRS share a similar prevalence and epidemiology. IRS (also known as syndrome X or the deadly quartet) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and its associated conditions, including obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) type II. The sequelae of IRS are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The origins of insulin resistance and its sequel, IRS, are debated. Insulin resistance can result from obesity. Also obesity usually presents before AN, hypertension or DM II. For these reasons it may be more helpful to recognize instead an obesity syndrome. The obesity syndrome is characterized by a genetically determined thrifty metabolism that protects subjects in famine conditions but which, in conditions of plenty, leads to weight gain with all its consequences, including hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, IR with DM II, and, in due course, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. In pigmented races, AN is an important early manifestation of the obesity syndrome. AN helps identify persons at particular risk of developing the obesity syndrome, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and IR with DM II. Recognition of AN, therefore, offers important opportunities for health screening and preventative medicine.
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PMID:The obesity syndrome and acanthosis nigricans. Acanthosis nigricans is a common cosmetic problem providing epidemiological clues to the obesity syndrome, the insulin-resistance syndrome, the thrifty metabolism, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II. 1716 17

Although skin tags are associated with diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, atherogenic lipid profile, no data in the literature show that the presence of skin tags is associated with serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein, uric acid, free fatty acid and leptin level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity in patients with skin tags and to compare patients with skin tags and normal healthy subjects for insulin resistance, serum lipids, insulin, glucose, leptin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, free fatty acid levels. We evaluated 113 patients with skin tags and 31 healthy subjects. The two groups were compared with respect to BMI, lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin resistance, serum lipids, insulin, glucose, leptin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, free fatty acid and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Total 53.9 and 33.6% of patients with skin tags were overweight and obese, respectively. The frequency of hypertension 30.1%, dyslipidemia 59.3% and insulin resistance 21.2% were detected. HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) and serum glucose (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.002), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P = 0.001), uric acid (P = 0.001), free fatty acid (P = 0.002), HbA1c (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.018), LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.023), and triglyceride levels (P = 0.001) were higher in patients with skin tags than control group. Overweight and/or obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein are seen in patients with skin tags. Skin tags may be a marker of increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:The metabolic profile in patients with skin tags. 2003 51


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