Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To contribute more comprehensive information about the characteristics of asthma, this article analyzed patients served by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Asthma Program. Their physicians rated one fifth of these patients as having "severe" asthma with the remainder about equally divided between "moderate" and "mild". One in two first received a diagnosis of asthma ten or more years previously. Common comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, rhinitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and arthritis. One half had visited an emergency room or been hospitalized for asthma in the past year. Inhaled bronchodilators and continuous theophylline were the most commonly prescribed medications. Side effects, especially tachycardia and insomnia, were common and almost exclusively associated with theophylline or corticosteroid therapy. Spirometric assessment showed chronic airflow obstruction in those with more severe asthma. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms, intensity of medication regimen, incidence of side effects, and health care utilization increased as asthma severity increased.
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PMID:Characteristics and correlates of asthma in a university clinic population. 220 37

Hyper-IgE syndrome is basically characterized by recurrent infections, chronic eczematous lesions, specific IgE antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus and markedly high serum IgE values. We present the case of an 11-year-boy with no relevant personal or family history, who came to our Department with highly pruriginous papulovesicular skin lesions of 3 years' duration. He presented marked obesity (+4 SD) and micropapulovesicular lesions in the trunk and extension areas of the limbs. The rest of the physical exploration was normal. Complementary studies revealed peripheral eosinophilia, increase in globular sedimentation rate and IgE values of 20,000 IU/ml, a nonspecific reaction to skin tests, and a skin biopsy compatible with atopic dermatitis. Three months later, he presented eczematous lesions in the trunk and limbs, perforation of the nasal wall due to staphylococcal abscess (diagnosed by biopsy), bilateral maxillary sinusitis and IgE values of 59,238 IU/ml. The differential diagnoses are discussed, as well as new diagnostic-therapeutic possibilities.
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PMID:Perforation of the nasal wall and hyper-IgE syndrome. 828 56

The authors are presenting a SASO of a patient with obesity, hypertension, cardiac ischemic lesions, starting diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism and polypous maxillary sinusitis. Most of this diseases are consequences of respiratory pathology during sleep time; we are discussing in this context the interrelation among different diseases.
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PMID:[The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with visceral involvement]. 922 Oct 44

Little is known about rates and predictors of remission of childhood asthma after the onset of puberty. We used data collected at ages 6, 8, 11, 13, and 16 years from the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, a population-based birth cohort. The onset of puberty was defined as the age of appearance of the first pubertal signs as reported by parents. Information on wheezing both before and after onset of puberty (mean +/- SD follow-up from onset of puberty, 4.2 +/- 1 year) was available for 781 children. Of these, 166 had asthma (either frequent wheezing or a physician-confirmed diagnosis plus any wheezing) in at least one survey before puberty. In this group, 58% of the children (97 of 166) reported the presence of wheezing after the onset of puberty (unremitting asthma). In contrast, only 30% (39 of 131) of the children with infrequent wheezing before puberty experienced wheezing episodes after the onset of puberty (unremitting wheezing). In addition to frequent wheezing before puberty, obesity, early onset of puberty, active sinusitis, and skin test sensitization were significant and independent predictors of unremitting asthma after the onset of puberty. Our findings from a population-based longitudinal cohort challenge the commonly held view that asthma usually remits during adolescence.
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PMID:Persistence of asthma symptoms during adolescence: role of obesity and age at the onset of puberty. 1522 Jan 21

Garenoxacin (T-3811ME, BMS-284756) is a novel, broad-spectrum des-F(6) quinolone currently under study for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. This analysis assessed garenoxacin population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationships for safety (adverse effects [AE]) and antimicrobial activity (clinical cure and bacteriologic eradication of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the grouping of Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis). Data were obtained from three phase II clinical trials of garenoxacin administered orally as 400 mg once daily for 5 to 10 days for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and sinusitis. Samples were taken from each patient before drug administration, 2 h following administration of the first dose, and on the day 3 to 5 visit. Individual Bayesian estimates of the fu (fraction unbound), the Cmax, and the fu for the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (fu AUC(0-24)) were calculated as measurements of drug exposure by using an ex vivo assessment of average protein binding. Regression analysis was performed to examine the following relationships: treatment-emergent AE incidence and AUC(0-24), Cmax, or patient factors; clinical response or bacterial eradication and drug exposure (fu Cmax/MIC, fu AUC(0-24)/MIC, and other exposure covariates); or disease and patient factors. Garenoxacin pharmacokinetics were described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Clearance was dependent on creatinine clearance, ideal body weight, age, obesity, and concomitant use of pseudoephedrine. The volume of distribution was dependent on weight and gender. Patients with mild or moderate renal dysfunction had, on average, approximately a 16 or 26% decrease in clearance, respectively, compared to patients of the same gender and obesity classification with normal renal function. AE occurrence was not related to garenoxacin exposure. Overall, clinical cure and bacterial eradication rates were 91 and 90%, respectively, for S. pneumoniae and 93 and 92%, respectively, for the grouping of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, and M. catarrhalis. The fu AUC(0-24)/MIC ratios were high (>90% were >200), and none of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic exposure measurements indexed to the MIC or other factors were significant predictors of clinical or bacteriologic response. Garenoxacin clearance was primarily related to creatinine clearance and ideal body weight. Although garenoxacin exposure was approximately 25% higher for patients with moderate renal dysfunction, this increase does not appear to be clinically significant as exposures in this patient population were not significant predictors of AE occurrence. Garenoxacin exposures were at the upper end of the exposure-response curves for measurements of antimicrobial activity, suggesting that 400 mg of garenoxacin once daily is a safe and adequate dose for the treatment of the specified community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of garenoxacin in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. 1556 55

Importance of biofims, detected on adenoids. Incidence of post-tonsillectomy hemorage increased in summer and winter, interst of a systematic hearing screening in newborns, proven interst of nasal irrigation in cases of rhino-sinusitis, correlation between obesity and nasal obstruction, interst of nasal evaluation in cases of Wegener, importance of reffe-red otalgia with normal eardrum as an indicator for ENT tumors, observation of neurinomas inpatients over 65 years, higher and earlier recurrence of T3T4 tumors, while T1T2 tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract reccur mostly in the 4th year. Therapeutic impact of 18FDG-PET/CT in the management of iodine-negative recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, interest of parotid gland biopsy in the diagnosis of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
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PMID:[What's new in ENT for the practionner in 2007?]. 1833 90

The phenotype of severe, or difficult, asthma is poorly understood, but recent studies have been informative. Factors associated with severe asthma include the presence of co-morbidities such as sinusitis, obesity and gastroesophageal reflux, poor adherence with prescribed medical regimens, and a severe underlying disease process. The worst long-term prognosis in severe asthma is associated with the presence of persistent airflow limitation and exacerbations. Individualization of therapy based on phenotype is highly recommended.
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PMID:Severe asthma and its phenotype. 1909 84

Panchakarma is the most essential part of Ayurveda treatments. It is preventive, preservative, promotive, curative and rehabilitative therapy. Ayurveda believes in strong relationship between macrocosm and microcosm and states that the seasonal changes will influence the biological systems resulting into the accumulation and aggravation of particular Dosha in a particular season like accumulation and aggravation of Kapha in Hemant Rutu (winter season) and Vasant Rutu (spring season) respectively, accumulation and aggravation of Pitta in Varsha Rutu (rainy season) and Sharad Rutu (autumn season) respectively. Vasantika Vamana is done in spring season approximately in the month of March and April for the elimination of vitiated Kapha Dosha which in turn helps to prevent the forth coming Kapha disorders and associated Pitta disorders or diseases originating or settled in the place of Kapha like bronchial asthma, allergic bronchitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, migraine, hyperacidity, indigestion, anorexia, obesity, overweight, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, eczema, urticaria etc. In this study, a total of 89 persons were registered and 69 volnteers/patients undergone classical Vamana Karma without any major complications. Average minimum, maximum, total dose and total days of Snehapana were 36.40 ml, 187.21 ml, 578.59 ml and 5.01 days respectively. Average quantity of Madanaphala, Ksheera, Yashtimadhu Phanta and Lavanodaka was 5.81 g, 1130.29 ml, 3202.9 and 2489.13 ml respectively. The results were encouraging; hence, further studies may be conducted including large population in this direction.
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PMID:A study on Vasantika Vamana (therapeutic emesis in spring season) - A preventive measure for diseases of Kapha origin. 2240 99

The classification of asthma to identify forms which have different contributing causes is useful for all cases in which the disease requires regular treatment, but it is essential for the management of severe asthma. Many forms of the disease can occur, and complex mixtures are not uncommon; here we artificially separated the cases into four groups: (i) inhalant allergy, (ii) fungal sensitization with or without colonization (including ABPA); (iii) severe sinusitis with or without aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and (iv) non-inflammatory cases, including those associated with severe obesity and vocal cord dysfunction (VCD). The reason for focusing on these groups is because they illustrate how much the specific management depends upon correct classification. Inhalant allergy can present as chronically severe asthma. However, severe attacks of asthma requiring hospital admission can occur in cases which are generally only mild or moderate. The best recognized and probably the most common cause of these acute episodes is acute infection with a rhinovirus. Recent evidence suggests that high titre IgE, particularly to dust mite, correlates to exacerbations of asthma related to rhinovirus infection. Although it is well recognized that the fungus Aspergillus can colonize the lungs and cause severe disease, it is less well recognized that those cases may not have full criteria for diagnosis of ABPA or may involve other fungi. Identifying fungal cases is important, because treatment with imidazole antifungals can provide significant benefit. Taken together, specific treatment using allergen avoidance, immunotherapy, anti-IgE, or antifungal treatment is an important part of the successful management of severe asthma, and each of these requires correctly identifying specific sensitization.
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PMID:The role of allergy in severe asthma. 2299 51

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a rather common disease in children, but its symptoms are often subtle and non-specific and this may result in overlooking a correct diagnosis. In turn, a missed diagnosis of CRS prevents a correct management to be performed and is associated with uneffective investigations and improper treatments. Actually, when CRS symptoms, which are mainly nasal congestion and obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, cough, and halitosis, are correctly assessed, the clinical diagnosis of CRS may be achieved, and confirmation may be obtained by imaging criteria or nasal fibroendoscopy. In imaging, computed tomography (CT) is the first choice technique for the evaluation of CRS and is able to provide an anatomic road map when surgery is required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sinuses, orbits, and brain should be performed whenever extensive or multiple complications of sinusitis are suspected. Also for middle ear disorders, CT is the first choice because it detects opacification of the middle ear cavity and mastoid cells, presence of fluids or debris, and allows the ossicular chain and the cortical bone of the mastoid to be evaluated. Another important diagnostic issue is the need to look for disorders that are frequently associated with CRS, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), that has some recognized risk factors in adenotonsillar hypertrophy, craniofacial anomalies, obesity, and neuromuscular disorders. Other associated disorders requiring investigation are recurrent or persistent otitis media and difficult asthma.
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PMID:Diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. 2276 50


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