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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Precursors of sudden death were sought in men--1838 civil servants in Albany, New York, and 2282 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts--under continuous surveillance for 16 years. In men 45-74 years old there were 234 deaths attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD) of which 109 occurred within one hour of onset of symptoms. More than half of all deaths due to CHD occurred outside the hospital and about 80 per cent of these were sudden. Most were unheralded by prior symptoms of CHD. Persons at high risk of death from CHD, including sudden death, can be identified long before the terminal unexpected catastrophe. The same precursive stigmata exist in persons subject ot coronary attacks whether or not immediately fatal. The risk of sudden death in these two populations was positively correlated with high blood pressure, the electrocardiographic pattern of left ventricular enlargement, obesity, and heavy cigarette usage. Sudden death is a common and possibly incidental expression of lethal coronary heart disease. The potential candidate for sudden death cannot be confidently distinguished from the individual who succumbs more slowly of myocardial infarction. The inescapable conclusion is that the prevention of sudden death requires the prevention of coronary attacks.
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PMID:Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death. 12 82

The effect of obesity on the connective tissue composition of skin was investigated in mice with goldthioglucose (GTG)-induced obesity. Four months after GTG treatment, the obese animals were sacrificed. Acid mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, collagen, and elastin were analyzed in the skin and compared to the controls. Total MPS in the skin from obese animals decreased, reflected mostly in hyaluronic acid. Chondroitin showed an increase over controls. The content of soluble glycoproteins varied; total carbohydrate and sialic acid of the glycoprotein tended to increase with obesity. Collagen and elastin both tended to decrease with obesity.
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PMID:A study of connective tissue macromolecules in skin of mice with goldthioglucose-induced obesity. 12 61

In an effort to test the adipose hyperplasia theory of obesity in humans, adipose cells, derived from anterior abdominal walls of human infants and children, were grown in synthetic medium (McCoy's 5A Medium) supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. Adipose cells which became delipidinized in culture were found to be capable of division and the rate and number of cell divisions was age dependent. Cells of infants under 1 yr of age and cells derived from early adolescent children divided to varying degrees in culture. Adipose cells from children aged 1-10 yr showed no cell division. Cell division was never observed in a lipid-laden adipocyte. Measurements of cell diameter showed that after the first year of life, cell size increased progressively with age. During the first year adipose cell size appeared to reflect the rapid hyperplasia of the first 3 mo, reaching smallest size at 3-12 mo but increasing thereafter.
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PMID:Studies on human adipose cells in culture: relation of cell size and multiplication to donor age. 12 14

The treatment of obesity must be primarily conservative. In suitable cases, a surgical operation may logically supplement it. Indications for operation: Localised accumulation of fat, generalised adiposity resistant to therapy, overstretched, flabby areas of skin and soft parts after radical conservative weight reduction or pregnancy, and esthetic considerations. The plastic surgical possibilities of "dermolipectomy" are pointed out, with typical examples.
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PMID:[Plastic surgery in the treatment of obesity (author's transl)]. 12 98

Accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) by renal cortical slices was used to estimate transport capacity for organic anions and cations, respectively. In a previous study, renal organic anion transport appeared to be selectively depressed in animals rendered obese by high fat feeding. However, the effects of obesity could not be discretely separated from the effects of the 30% fat diet used to produce the obesity. Genetically obese hyperglycemic mice provided a model to determine the effect of obesity on renal transport systems without the complication due to diet. Accumulation of both PAH and NMN was depressed in renal cortical slices from genetically obese mice. Addition of plasma from thin or obese animals increased PAH accumulation by slices from thin animals. Accumulation by slices from obese animals was unaffected by addition of plasma. Oxygen consumption with acetate in the medium was less in kidneys from obese mice than kidneys from thin mice. Thus, in addition to inhibition of transport capacity, renal cortex of genetically obese mice has a biochemical defect that prevents response to stimulators. It is concluded that several renal functions are depressed in the genetically obese hyperglycemic mouse. Whether the depressed function results from the obesity or is concomitant with the gene for obesity is as yet undertermined.
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PMID:Renal transport of organic acids and bases in genetically obese mice. 12 45

105 factory workers (38 females and 67 males) have been questioned about their frequency of back pain. 60% of the females and 61% of the males have previously experienced episodes of back pain. 21% of the females and 37% of the males have been absent from work due to back pain. The incidence of back pain is not related to age, height, sort of work, or isometric muscle strength of the back (IS). For the males the incidence rises with increasing weight, i.e. combination of height and obesity, but is not related to any two single factors. For the females there is no correlation between the incidence of pain and weight. IS is correlated to height and age in the males but not in the females. Standards for IS are presented and suggested as a guide to evaluation of the working capabilities of individual subjects with back pain.
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PMID:Back pain and isometric back muscle strength of workers in a Danish factory. 12 91

Between September 1972 and March 1974 more than 1000 patients had undergone laparoscopic sterilization by spring-loaded clip under local anesthesia in outpatient settings in the United States and overseas. No fixed contraindications were noted. Complications and pregnancy rates based on a 6-month follow-up were as follows: 1 death of a patient with artificial mitral and aortic valves resulted 5 days after surgery; cramps similar to menstrual cramps were reported in 26% of patients for 24-48 hours after clip application; some prototype complications occurred. The centers with the highest pregnancy rates were teaching centers employing experienced electrocoagulation physicians with the highest rate occurring at Chapel Hill where physicians were becoming familiar with the new technique. Of 24 pregnancies, 3 women were pregnant at the time of clip application, 11 resulted from improper placement of the clips, 5 pregnancies followed correct clip application and 3 resulted from weak springs (a manufacturing defect). The corrected pregnancy rate counting only those good and properly applied clips was 2/1000. Contraindications to this procedure include the presence of adhesions preventing visualization of the isthmic portion of the tube, obesity and enlarged uteri. The clip, designed to eliminate the need for electrocoagulation, thus eliminates possible bowel burn, mesosalpingeal hemorrhaging, pain and general anesthesia. Use factors combined with the advantage of potential reversibility via end-to-end anastomosis make sterilization by spring clip an effective possibility.
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PMID:Sterilization by spring clip: a report of 1000 cases with a 6-month follow-up. 12 74

A series of 80 patients with an incisional ventral hernia were treated with an extractable prosthesis in the period 1 January 1965--1 January 1974. The results are discussed. After a description of the advantages of an extractable prosthesis, attention is given to a number of factors which are possibly of importance in the development of such a hernia. This is most probably a multifactorial process, in which suturing technique, wound infection, obesity and postoperative rise of intra-abdominal pressure may play a part. The technique of inserting the extractable prosthesis is accurately described and illustrated with drawings and photographs. Success was ultimately obtained in 86.25% of the cases. The failure rate was 13.75%. In comparison with the data from the literature, this is a low percentage, the more so because the author's series consisted mainly of large incisional hernias. Recurrences can be treated successfully several times with an extractable prosthesis. This is, in general, easy in view of the smaller dimensions of the hernial orifices. The extractable prosthesis is recommended both for the treatment and prevention of incisional ventral hernia.
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PMID:Results of treatment of incisional hernias with extractable prostheses. 12 32

Primary hypersecretion of insulin has been suggested as one possibility for the genetic fault of ob/ob mice. To test this hypothesis, streptozotocin (SZO) was used to reduce permanently insulin secretion in young lean and obese mice. After establishment of hyperglycaemia and weight reduction in treated obese mice (obese-SZO), daily insulin replacment was begun in some (obese-SZO-Ins). Obese-SZO mice maintained insulin levels and body weights similar to lean controls, though they were shorter and fatter, while food intake and blood sugar levels exceeded lean values. Obese-SZO-Ins mice with reduced islet hyperplasia, but great insulin resistance, gained more weight than obese-SZO mice; had high serum insulin and controlled blood glucose; and exhibited hyperphagia. These results suggest that primary hypersecretion of insulin cannot be the genetic defect, as ob/ob mice are hyperphagic, hyperglycaemic, insulin resistant, and "obese" even when insulin levels are restricted.
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PMID:Effects of long-term restricted insulin production in obese-hyperglycemic (genotype ob/ob) mice. 13 28

Hypertension studies using laboratory animals have been conducted since 1930. These were not completely satisfactory because either surgery or pharmacologic induction were required to produce hypertensive animals. Many attempts have been made to breed spontaneously hypertensive rats, mainly from the Okamoto strain. The cause of hypertension in the rat, with specific reference to genetic aspects and pathogenicity, were reviewed. The hypertensive rat is an acceptable model for hypertension studies because of the stability of the hypertensive state and the reproducibility of experimental effects. It is a particularly useful model for screening antihypertensive agents. Development of mutant Okamato stran rats which have brain softening, cerebral hemorrhages, and myocardial infarctions would permit the screening of specific therapeutic agents with fewer side-effects. Mutants which develop obesity, hyperlipidism, and early atherosclerosis have been reported in Okamoto strain X Sprague-Dawley rat crosses.
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PMID:The use of spontaneously hypertensive rats for the study of anti-hypertensive agents. 13 78


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