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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All children born of Newcastle upon Tyne mothers in 1960, 1961, and 1962 who were obese at the age of ten years have been investigated. Anthropometric, social, and psychological data were collected from the children and their families. The results confirm that obesity in childhood has many causes. The obesity was of early onset in 43% of the children, the remaining majority becoming obese after the age of five years. The commonest "at-risk" factors were obesity in a first degree relative, an elderly mother, being an only child, and absence of one parent. Two or more of these factors were present in at least 60% of the obese children.
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PMID:Obesity in childhood: A community study in Newcastle upon Tyne. 6 69

Diabetes is an endocrine deficiency disease, a logical treatment of which is hormone replacement therapy. Many patients who are thought to be controlled by diet alone continue to have high plasma-glucose levels. As the rise in the basal plasma glucose concentration is the predominant glucose abnormality of diabetes, treatment should be aimed primarily at producing basal normoglycaemia. 18 mild, maturity onset diabetics have been treated with a basal insulin supplement provided by single daily injections of insulin zinc suspension (crystalline) 'Ultralente'. Overnight basal normoglycaemia has been obtained with markedly reduced plasma-glucose levels during the day. Plama-triglyceride levels have become normal in most patients. The required insulin dose need not be determined empirically, but can be calculated from the basal plasma-glucose level and the degree of obesity. There is minimum risk of hypoglycaemia, and rigid dietary restriction is unnecessary. As mild diabetics are prone to complications, treatment with basal insulin supplements may be beneficial when diet alone fails to produce basal normoglycaemia.
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PMID:Diabetes: The quest for basal normoglycaemia. 6 73

A population study of 758 infants born at the same hospital showed that weight at the ages of six week and six months was not significantly related to breast or bottle feeding, the early introduction of solids, or the sodium content of bottle feeds. Weight at six weeks was related to the volume and energy content of the feeds which were examined in those bobies that were bottle-fed alone. Although analysis of a single feed showed that mothers mixed feeds incorrectly, there was no evidence that mixing of overstrength feeds leads to obesity.
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PMID:Effect of feeding habit on weight in infancy. 6 96

17 patients with severe (median percentage above ideal weight 100%) and resistant obesity underwent jaw wiring. There were no major complications and patients tolerated the procedure and subsequent minor inconveniences. All patients lost weight at a rate (median 25-3 kg in six months) comparable with that of intestinal bypass surgery and one achieved and maintained her ideal weight. Two-thirds of the patients, however, regained some weight after the wires were removed. Jaw wiring is a simple effective procedure which can be carried out in most hospitals, and has a place in an integrated approach to obesity.
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PMID:Jaw wiring in treatment of obesity. 6 26

Liver-function tests measured routinely in hypertensive patients attending the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic were abnormal in 15-8% of men and 6-2% of women. The patients studied appeared to be representative of the whole clinic population. Liver dysfunction was related to alcohol consumption, heavy body-weight, male sex, young age, and higher diastolic blood-pressure. It is suggested that alcohol and obesity were the principal causal factors and that fatty infiltration of the liver was the probable pathology. Liver dysfunction was unrelated to treatment. Alcohol use was found to be heavy in 12% of male patients attending the clinic, and this was probably an underestimate. The possibility that alcohol abuse may have a causal role in hypertension needs further study.
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PMID:Liver dysfunction in hypertension. 6 96

Liver biopsies from 60 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) developing against the background of steatosis, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were studied histologically, histochemically and electron microscopically. AAH is characterized by necrosis of hepatocytes with deposition of alcoholic hyalin, obesity of the organ, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the appearance of megamitochondria, and an increased amount of peroxisomes reflect the participation of MEOS and the catalase system in alcohol metabolism with a progressive decrease in the activity of alcoholdehydrogenase. Acute alcoholic hepatitis is a connecting link between steatosis and cirrhosis of the liver in which the accompanying autoimmune mechanism and microcirculation disorder followed by activation of lipofibroblasts are conducive to the progression of the pathologic process.
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PMID:[Morphological characteristics of acute alcoholic hepatitis]. 7 56

The values of serum T4, T3, T4/T3, RT3U, FT4I, PBI, ATR, TSH, 132I uptake and antibodies against thyreoglobulin were estimated in non-obese, healthy women and in obese women with a stabile body weight on total fasting of 14 days. Obesity with no dietary restriction compared with normal controls was accompanied by a tendency to higher serum levels of T4 and T3 and prolonged ATR. Other indicators of thyroid function remained unchanged. Total fasting led to a decrease of serum T3 and to an increase of FT4I and RT3U. The remaining tests were unchanged. These results are conform with a decreased transformation of T4 into T3 in the periphery. The participation of the hypothalamus and hypophysis to adaptation of the thyroid to fasting was discussed.
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PMID:Effects of total fasting in obese women. I. Response of the thyroid. 7 59

Three women weighing 137, 133, and 135 kg underwent truncal vagotomy; after 16, 20, and 24 weeks they had lost 10, 17, and 19 kg respectively without serious side-effects. No dietary restrictions have been imposed, but they are eating less than they were preoperatively and report a total lack of hunger. Truncal vagotomy may be a useful treatment for severe obesity.
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PMID:Vagotomy for treatment of severe obesity. 7 40

The resting metabolic rates (R.M.R.s) of 69 obese patients were measured during a period of weight stability. All except 4 women had a rate, in megajoules per 24 hours, in excess of that for subjects of normal weight. This increased R.M.R. is obscured by the traditional method of expressing R.M.R. per unit surface area. The high R.M.R. in the obese state was related not to the excess fat but to a 36% and 32% increase in the lean body mass of the men and women respectively. The R.M.R.s of 30 patients measured during weight-loss fell. The increase in R.M.R. in obesity is an important mechanism for achieving energy balance, whereas the progressive fall in R.M.R. during slimming demonstrates the need for a permanent reduction in food intake if energy balance is to be maintained on reaching normal weight. Measuring only the R.M.R. in the obese state is unlikely to help in understanding the pathogenesis of obesity.
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PMID:Elevated metabolic rates in obesity. 7 16

In a survey of risk factors for coronary heart-disease (C.H.D.) in a Leiden population aged 40-41 years, mean serum-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.)-cholesterol was significantly higher in 447 women (47.94 mg/dl) than in 471 men (42.40 mg/dl). No association was found between serum-H.D.L.-cholesterol and systolic or diastolic blood-pressure, obesity, or electrocardiographic changes. Cigarette smoking with use of oral contraceptives were strongly associated with reduced serum-H.D.L.-cholesterol. The difference in mean serum-H.D.L.-cholesterol concentrations between women who were on oral contraceptives and those who were not was independent of the effect of smoking. The finding of a low mean serum-H.D.L.-cholesterol concentration in pill users who smoke (i.e., similar to that in men of the same age; 43.0 mg/dl and 42.4 mg/dl in women and men, respectively) is disturbing since low serum-H.D.L.-cholesterol is a major C.H.D. risk factor and because of the reported increase in mortality from circulatory diseases in women using oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Reduced high-density lipoprotein in women aged 40-41 using oral contraceptives. Consultation Bureau Heart Project. 7 91


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