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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Guidelines for perimenopausal hormone therapy are listed in outline form. Various symptoms of metabolic changes, of changes in the balance of the neurovegetative system, and of nervous system influences related to social and cultural factors can be treated with substitutive hormone treatment during menopause. Special considerations apply to women who have undergone ovariectomy. Cyclical estrogen treatment should be used, and gestagens should be given in addition to estrogens. In prescribing hormone therapy, all absolute and relative contraindications should be considered. Obese women should be on a strict diet during therapy, and smoking should be stopped. In the case of irregular bleeding, curettage should be performed to exclude the possibility of malignant cancer. The patient should have regular checkups to determine if possible side effects are of a serious nature. Types of medications and treatment regimens for menopausal women, for treating women who have or have not undergone ovariectomy, and for treating menopausal disorders are listed.
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PMID:[The treatment of women with climacteric symptoms with emphasis on perimenopausal hormone therapy]. 22 71

Results are reported of an investigation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian-adrenal system in 51 women suffering of Itsenko-Cushing disease, primary obesity and menopausal syndrome. It was found that with onset of the menopause there occurs an increase of the concentration of lutropin, follitropin, testosterone and a reduction of the level of estradiol as in the control group. At the same time the level of prolactin and cortisol was increased as compared with the control group. Parlodel treatment in combination with specific drugs proved efficient.
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PMID:[The treatment of the climacteric syndrome in women suffering from Itsenko-Cushing disease and primary obesity]. 136 24

Menopausal disorders coincide with the onset of luteal insufficiency and the resulting relative hyperestrogenism. At this stage the risks to be assessed are mainly related to a worsening of the menstrual syndrome (heaviness of the legs, abdominal distention, water retention, mastodynia, depressive syndrome), cycle changes, or various genital types of hemorrhage requiring investigation for detection of a possible fibroma, hyperplasia, endometriosis, or genital cancer. Once the menopause is settled a reduction in estrogen levels comes with reactive increases in FSM and LM levels, and the principal risk is the development of a cancer. The role of endogenous (obesity, diabetes, Stein-Leventhal, adenomatous hyperplasia) or exogenous (prolonged estrogen therapy alone) estrogens has to be evaluated in endometrial cancer. Cancer of the vulva also appears to be more frequent in menopausal women (natural or artificial), as well as cervical cancer and cancer of the breast. There is an apparent increase in cardiovascular risks in untreated menopausal women, but this is still discussed, as to the benefits of estrogen therapy.
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PMID:[Menopausal risk factors (author's transl)]. 625 25

Menopause is a period of significant physiological changes that may be associated with increased body weight and obesity-related diseases. Many researches were conducted to assess the contribution of factors such as estrogen depletion, REE decline, and aging to weight gain. An increase in orexin-A plasma levels, paralleling lower estrogen levels, was found during menopause. Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides recently discovered, involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour, sleep-wakefulness rhythm, and neuroendocrine homeostasis. Orexins might offer the missing link between postmenopausal hypoestrogenism and other manifestations of the menopausal syndrome, including appetite and weight changes and increase in cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:Hormonal changes in menopause and orexin-a action. 2384 Feb 15