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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reference curves for stature and weight in British children have been available for the past 30 years, and have recently been updated. However weight by itself is a poor indicator of fatness or obesity, and there has never been a corresponding set of reference curves to assess weight for height. Body mass index (BMI) or weight/height has been popular for assessing obesity in adults for many years, but its use in children has developed only recently. Here centile curves for BMI in British children are presented, from birth to 23 years, based on the same large representative sample as used to update the stature and weight references. The charts were derived using Cole's LMS method, which adjusts the BMI distribution for skewness and allows BMI in individual subjects to be expressed as an exact centile or SD score. Use of the charts in clinical practice is aided by the provision of nine centiles, where the two extremes identify the fattest and thinnest four per 1000 of the population.
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PMID:Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990. 763 44

We describe the case of a 38-year-old male with a benign symmetrical lipomatosis Launois-Bensaude. He has suffered from severe obesity since the age of seven. At the age of 30, hypogonadism was diagnosed and treated. He developed a Pickwick-syndrome, with hypokapnia and secondary polycytemia. Ulcerations developed on the lower parts of his legs, which were treated conservatively for many years at our dermatological clinic. Because of intertriginous dermatitis in the right groin, he treated himself with external corticosteroids containing dequalonium. Ulceration and fatty necrosis followed, necessitating extensive plastic surgical intervention, with removal of approximately 30 kg of skin and adipose tissue.
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PMID:[Benign symmetric lipomatosis--Launois-Besaude syndrome. A case report]. 897 35

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL), also known as Launois-Bensaude syndrome or Madelung's disease, is a rare disorder predominantly seen in middle-aged male patients. The disorder is characterized by large subcutaneous fat masses distributed around the neck, shoulders, and other parts of the trunk, often associated with nervous system abnormalities. A close relationship to alcoholism, metabolic disturbances and malignant tumours has been observed. Until now, MSL has only been described in adults. We report on the first two children, a 9-year-old girl and a 13-year-old boy, with the characteristic clinical findings of MSL. The girl presented with severe obesity, developmental delay, mild mental retardation, peripheral neuropathy, and latent hypothyroidism. In addition, she had elevated lactate concentrations in blood and cerebral spinal fluid suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochemical analyses of muscle showed a respiratory chain complex II deficiency. The boy suffered from severe obesity, mild mental retardation and insulin resistant diabetes mellitus. In both children, analyses of the mitochondrial genome did not reveal major deletions nor the MERRF 8344 point mutation. MSL seems to be a new neurometabolic disorder with heterogeneous clinical expression whose pathogenesis is still unknown.
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PMID:Multiple symmetric lipomatosis: an unusual cause of childhood obesity and mental retardation. 1081 86

The goal of this study was to investigate the relation of birth order to relative weight and prevalence of obesity in a group of 13-15 years old girls. In 1997, 1458 girls were examined. The height and weight measured by trained staff were recorded. Family size and birth order were obtained by a questionnaire. For the purpose of the present study, 776 and 250 girls coming from two- and three-child full families, respectively, were selected from the total sample on the basis of complete information. The Body Mass Index (kg/m2) was adjusted to reference US population (NCHS) by means of the LMS parameters. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was defined according to recommendation of the International Obesity Task Force. The effect of birth order on BMI was tested by one-way analysis of variance. Prevalence of obesity was tested by the means of Pearson chi-square. First and second born girls from two-sibling families did not show significant differences in average standardized BMI. Relative weight significantly differs among girls coming from three sibling families, decreasing along with the birth order. The first-born girls were 1.5 times at higher risk of obesity in comparison to later-born girls. Differences in the proportion of overweight girls among birth order groups showed a high significance within three sibling families.
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PMID:Birth order and BMI in teenage girls. 1181 Dec 86

In the case of a 49 year old patient, a weight gain of 37 kg occurred during the first weeks of the year 2003, accompanied by a painless increase in the diameter of the upper arms and thighs. This process did spontaneously cease in the summer of 2003, but weight reduction could not be achieved. The diagnosis of multiple symmetrical lipomatosis, also known as Launois-Bensaude syndrome, the first authors to describe the condition in detail in 1898, could be established due to the unique appearance of the patient. Typical features of the disease are the accumulation of multiple lipomata in the shoulder girdle, upper arms, thorax and thighs, whereas the face, the forearms and the shanks are typically excluded. The etiology of the disease is obscure, dietetic intervention is futile, surgical approaches are liposuction or excision of the lipomata. Cessation of alcohol consumption may also be helpful, since the condition is typically associated with present or past alcohol abuse. The disease is usually reported to be rare, but there is reason enough to assume, that it is frequently misdiagnosed as simple truncal obesity.
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PMID:[Unspecified gain of weight?]. 1618 78

The aim of this study is to extend to pre-school ages the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP)-2002 growth charts for height, weight and body mass index (BMI), to obtain charts (SIEDP-2006) that apply to the Italian population from 2 to 20 yr of age, taken as a whole, or separately in two geographical areas (Central-North Italy and South Italy). The charts are based on a sample of about 70,000 subjects attending infant, primary and secondary schools, between 1994 and 2004. The distribution of the sample by gender, age and geographic area was roughly similar to that of Italian school population in the last decade of the 20th century. Height and weight were measured using portable Harpenden stadiometers and properly calibrated scales, respectively. SIEDP-2006 references are presented both as centiles and as LMS curves for the calculation of SD scores, and include the extra-centiles for overweight and obesity. Large differences in BMI growth pattern emerged between the SIEDP-2006, 2000 CDC and UK90 references: in Italy, BMI is higher and its distribution is more skewed during childhood and adolescence. At the end of growth, median values of the three references are similar, but the 97th centile of 2000 CDC charts is much higher and increases more steeply than that of SIEDP-2006 charts, which on the contrary reach a plateau. SIEDP-2006 references intend to supply pediatricians with a tool that avoids the use of charts that are outdated or that refer to other populations, and thus should be suitable for adequately monitoring the growth of their patients.
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PMID:Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (2 to 20 yr). 1695 4

Effective surveillance of trends in paediatric overweight and obesity requires the establishment of valid cutoff values to identify children at risk. In Israel, standard values for childhood BMI-for-age are currently based on growth charts published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, the appropriateness of using US reference values in populations outside the US is questionable, due to inherent differences in ethnicity, culture and socioeconomic status. We recorded data from 9,988 children aged 6-12 selected by random cluster sampling within the framework of school-based health surveys conducted in Israel during the years 1997 and 2000. We constructed population-specific centile BMI-for-age curves valid for Israeli children, and compared these curves to current standard US and international reference values. Curves were constructed using LMS statistical curve smoothing methods. The data set of Israeli schoolchildren produced reference centiles substantially different than those based on US children. Israeli reference values were closer to centile curves published by the International Obesity Task Force. In conclusion, local and national health planners should recognize the intrinsic limitations associated with the use of "standard" reference values in defining paediatric overweight and obesity in dissimilar populations. The results of this large population-based study highlight the need for population-specific BMI-for-age reference values, in order to accurately describe the prevalence of paediatric overweight and obesity.
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PMID:Appropriateness of US and international BMI-for-age reference curves in defining adiposity among Israeli school children. 1702 45

This article discusses statistical considerations for the design of a new study intended to provide an International Growth Standard for Preadolescent and Adolescent Children, including issues such as cross-sectional, longitudinal, and mixed designs; sample-size derivation for the number of populations and number of children per population; modeling of growth centiles of height, weight, and other measurements; and modeling of the adolescent growth spurt. The conclusions are that a mixed longitudinal design will provide information on both growth distance and velocity; samples of children from 5 to 10 sites should be suitable for an international standard (based on political rather than statistical arguments); the samples should be broadly uniform across age but oversampled during puberty, and should include data into adulthood. The LMS method is recommended for constructing measurement centiles, and parametric or semiparametric approaches are available to estimate the timing of the adolescent growth spurt in individuals. If the new standard is to be grafted onto the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) reference, caution is needed at the join point of 5 years, where children from the new standard are likely to be appreciably more obese than those from the WHO reference, due to the rising trends in obesity and the time gap in data collection between the two surveys.
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PMID:The international growth standard for preadolescent and adolescent children: statistical considerations. 1736 60

The purpose of the study is to develop current reference growth centiles for Turkish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional growth survey was conducted on 1.427 (709 boys and 718 girls) healthy schoolchildren aged 6-17 years in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. As an indicator of socio-economic status, the occupation of the parents was recorded. Growth references of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), sitting height, iliospinal height, relative iliospinal height and relative sitting height were constructed by the LMS method. Sex differences, association of parental occupation with height and BMI standard deviation scores were assessed by analyses of variance. Results showed significant sexual dimorphism for height, weight, sitting height and iliospinal height (p<0.001). Significant effect of socio-economic background was found on height and BMI. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference criteria 22.4% and 5.6% in boys and 21.2% and 3% in girls. Present results demonstrated an increment during the last three decades in height, leg length and weight curves which is more prominent in boys, but not in the sitting height. This positive secular change appears to be a logical outcome of the gradual changes in nutrition, health care and education, and environmental and economic conditions.
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PMID:Growth reference centiles and secular changes in Turkish children and adolescents. 1747 74

Abdominal obesity is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Waist circumference as a measure of obesity may be clinically useful as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in children. To develop age- and sex-specific reference values for waist circumference we evaluated the data obtained from Turkish children and adolescents. Waist circumference measurements from 4,770 healthy schoolchildren were obtained. Smoothed percentile curves were produced by the LMS method. The median curves of Turkish children were compared with four other countries: Australia, the UK, USA (Bogalusa) and Japan. Smoothed percentile curves and values for the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th and 97th percentiles were calculated for boys and girls. We found that waist circumference increased with age both in boys and girls. The 50th percentile waist circumference curve of Turkish children was over the British and Japanese but lower than the Bogalusa children and adolescents. This study presents data and smoothed percentile curves for waist circumference of healthy Turkish children aged 7-17 years. The differences in waist circumference of different countries can be explained by lifestyles and cultural characteristics. These data can be added to the existing international reference values for waist circumference of children and adolescents.
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PMID:Waist circumference percentiles for 7- to 17-year-old Turkish children and adolescents. 1748 6


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