Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of neonatal androgenization on endometrial carcinogenesis and natural killer (NK) cell activity which may facilitate the development of malignant tumors were studied. Abnormal uterine proliferation was not detected in any of 162 NR during a 800-day observation period. In contrast, 3 atypical hyperplasias, 3 adenocarcinomas and one squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus were detected in 61 ASR after 500 days of age. In ASR, obesity became prominent with aging and spleen weight also increased after 500 days of age. Concerning the target cell of NK cell activity assay, YAC-1 lymphoma cells are the best cell line of the three cell lines in a variety of experimental conditions. NK cell activity of both NR and ASR decreased with age. NK cell activities of ASR significantly decreased at both 250 and 500 days of age in comparison with those of NR. Such persistently reduced NK cell activity which implies that a decline in immune surveillance is one of the important factors in endometrial carcinogenesis of ASR after 500 days of age.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of neonatal androgenization on endometrial carcinogenesis and natural killer (NK) activity]. 379 45

Although hepatic transplantation is now a well-accepted treatment modality for end-stage liver diseases there are little detailed data on the clinical profile of patients who survive beyond 1 year following transplantation. The aim of this study was to develop a cross-sectional profile on 53 adults who have survived beyond 2 years following liver transplantation. These patients have been followed for a mean of 43.5 months (range 24-84) since the time of transplant. Nineteen patients had persisting liver enzyme abnormalities, 11 due to chronic viral hepatitis (seven hepatitis C virus, three hepatitis B virus), four due to biliary disease. Two had post severe rejection, one steatosis secondary to obesity while in one the aetiology was unclear. Nineteen (36%) of patients required anti-hypertensive medications. The median doses of Prednisone, Cyclosporin and Imuran were 7.5, 300 and 50 mg daily, respectively. The mean serum creatinine was 117 +/- 27 mumol/L. However 22 (41%) had an elevated serum creatinine (> 120 mumol/L) but in only seven was the serum creatinine > 150 mumol/L. Fourteen (26%) of patients were obese (body mass index > 30) whilst 46% had a higher than recommended serum cholesterol (mean level 5.6 +/- 1.5 mumol/L). There has only been one case of internal malignancy (lymphoma) although 19 patients attend regular dermatological review for skin cancer surveillance. Forty-eight patients had a Karnofsky Score > 80. In conclusion, the vast majority of these patients have excellent clinical function but some caution is required with respect to renal function, hypertension, obesity and mild hypercholesterolaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A follow up of 53 adult patients alive beyond 2 years following liver transplantation. 828 Aug 46

The aim of this study was to investigate growth and final height in young adults after therapy for malignant diseases. Final height and weight was studied in 50 long-term survivors (LTS) of childhood cancer (aged 17-31 years; 30 men, 20 women) 3-18 years after treatment for malignant diseases (7 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 lymphoma, 8 sarcoma, 15 malignant central nervous system [CNS] tumours). None of the LTS had been treated with growth hormone (GH). A decrease in final height SDS (Standard deviation score) occurred in both LTS of malignant CNS tumours (median height SDS at diagnosis, 0.3; range, -0.9 to 2.2; median final height SDS, -1.3; range, -3.9 to 1.9; p < 0.01) and LTS of lymphoma (p < 0.05) or leukemia (p < 0.05). However, only LTS who received cranial (p < 0.05) or craniospinal (p < 0.001) irradiation (XRT) exhibited reduced final heights. LTS who had received XRT not involving the CNS or had received no XRT at all presented no reduction in final height. LTS of CNS tumours treated with high craniospinal XRT doses (24 to 56 Gy) reached lower (p < 0.01) final heights when compared with LTS of leukemia who received lower cranial XRT doses (18 to 24 Gy). Final height SDS correlated with chronological age at initiation of therapy (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between the cumulative doses of applied chemotherapeutic agents and the final height of LTS. During follow-up LTS developed an increase in weight for height index (WFH) which occurred independent of XRT. In conclusion, cranial and craniospinal XRT especially in young children with malignancies resulted in a decrease in final height SDS. As 6 of 15 LTS of malignant CNS tumours exhibited a final height SDS below -2 SD, analysis of pituitary function and substitution of GH after diagnosis of GH deficiency should be considered for these patients at a young age. Others factors not directly related to XRT are responsible for the increased risk for obesity in LTS of childhood cancer.
 ...
PMID:Final height and weight of long-term survivors of childhood malignancies. 962 45

Ultrasonography (US) is of value in the evaluation and characterization of breast masses in children. Most masses represent either normal breast tissue, cysts, or fibroadenomas. Premature thelarche may be unilateral, and normal breast tissue is found at US. Cysts are commonly retroareolar; when they become infected, they appear sonographically as a complex mass. Fibroadenoma is the most frequent breast tumor in adolescent girls, and it is usually solitary, homogeneous, and hypoechoic. Malignant breast lesions are very rare in children; most are due to metastatic disease secondary to rhabdomyosarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma, and their US appearance is nonspecific. Gynecomastia in boys can be mimicked by general obesity and pectoral hypertrophy; US is helpful in the diagnosis, especially when gynecomastia is asymmetric. Most breast lesions in children and adolescents are benign, and surgery should be avoided to prevent later deformity. US is the ideal imaging modality to evaluate breast lesions and may be used to guide a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Color Doppler US evaluation is helpful; cysts are avascular, fibroadenomas may be avascular or hypovascular, and abscesses show peripheral increased flow. Bloody nipple discharge is more common in prepubertal patients, may occur in infants, and may be secondary to mammary ductal ectasia. Discharge commonly resolves spontaneously, and findings at US are frequently normal.
 ...
PMID:Breast US in children and adolescents. 1111 14

The authors analyse hormonal and morphological characteristics of adrenal incidentalomas, i.e. pathological adrenal masses accidentally found on CT scan performed due to extraadrenal causes of other causes of adrenal pathology. The group of patients was consisted by 42 patients at the age 24-79 years (27 females and 15 males). The most frequent clinical symptoms included arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. CT examinations revealed 36 cases of unilateral lesions (in 21 cases the lesions were localised on the right and in 15 cases on the left) and 6 bilateral lesions. The size of adrenal masses ranged from 7 mm to 12 cm. The CT examination helped in characterising myelolipomas in 3 cases, cysts in two cases, and pre-assuming malignity in 6 cases. Hormonal analyses have revealed primary aldosteronism in 2 cases, subclinical hypercortisolism in 1, steroid enzymopathy in 2 and secondary hyperaldosteronism in 2 patients. No patient had catecholamine overproduction. 19 patients were indicated for adrenalectomy with the following histological findings.: adenoma (n = 5), cyst (n = 2), myelolipoma (n = 3), carcinoma (n = 3), feochromocytoma, ganglioneuroma, metastases, lymphoma, sarcoidosis and pseudodrenal structure--Gravitz tumor (n = 1, respectively). The size of all neoplasms exceeded 3 cm, therefore the authors recommend adrenalectomy in incidentalomas with hormonal activity exceeding 3 cm in size. (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 17.)
 ...
PMID:[Hormonal and morphologic characteristics of adrenal incidentalomas]. 1118 53

During the last two decades, owing to advances in immunosuppressive pharmacotherapy, liver transplantation has been increasingly accepted by the medical community as an effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Successful transplantation of the liver, however, requires frequent monitoring. Most of the serious infectious complications and allograft dysfunction occur during the early post-transplantation period (i.e., first six months). Blood levels of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, the two major calcineurin inhibitors currently in use, need to be frequently checked. Drug dosage is adjusted in order to maintain target serum concentrations and the patients free of side-effects. In the time, the risk of acute allograft rejection decreases considerably, whereas the proportion of patients with fibrosis or cirrhosis increases, particularly among hepatitis C virus carriers. Graft loss may occur, secondary to recurrent disease or chronic rejection. Patients with well-functioning grafts may still be affected by significant comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis, which appear to be related to long-term immunosuppression. The incidence of lymphoma, skin and colorectal cancers in liver transplantation recipients exceeds those found in the general population and requires early detection. The principles of the management of medical problems after liver transplantation are a careful clinical assessment of the patient and a judicious use of laboratory tests, radiological evaluation and liver biopsy.
 ...
PMID:[Periodic clinical monitoring after liver transplantation]. 1141 96

We report a case of matched unrelated bone marrow transplant (BMT) in a morbidly obese patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. The challenges presented in the management of this case included the calculation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy doses and the acute presentation of obstructive sleep apnea. Despite these difficulties, an ultimately successful outcome was obtained, indicating that although associated with increased risk of peri-transplant morbidity, obesity need not represent a contraindication to BMT.
Leuk Lymphoma
PMID:Successful transplant outcome in a morbidly obese patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia. 1169 29

Sarcoidosis remains a fascinating illness that almost always affects the respiratory tract but often involves many other organs as well. Although many patients seem to have only an intrathoracic illness, with perhaps one other site or organ involved, others can experience a severe multi-organ disease. The inciting stimulus, even if unknown, can elicit an immunologic host response-the non-caseating granuloma-in almost every organ. It is intriguing that this stimulus can be so widespread throughout the body, while the biology of the disease can be so variable. Many series of patients with sarcoidosis have reported the multiple organs involved and the clinical presentation. Our series of 67 patients (40 female, 27 male, mean age 38.7 years +/- 13.2 (SD) at time of diagnosis) generally mirrors the clinical pattern found in five comparison series that span the past 60 years. However, more emphasis is given in this series to associated medical conditions that can complicate the presentation of sarcoidosis, as well as to co-morbid illnesses that must be managed in addition to the patient's sarcoidosis. Although most patients had intrathoracic sarcoidosis diagnosed at initial evaluation (40%), many had other organs or bodily sites involved in addition (or subsequently) as the illness evolved. Confounding the initial patient evaluation were two factors: (1) the presence of an occupational respiratory exposure(s) (n = 25 or 37% of patients); (2) a previously diagnosed malignancy (n = 6 or 9%) that heightened the possibility of a primary malignancy presenting in the chest, or the reactivation of a prior malignancy (breast, thyroid, and lymphoma) that could metastasize to the lung. Symptoms present when a patient's diagnosis was established usually differentiated respiratory and/or abdominal organ involvement. Although respiratory symptoms could be absent (n = 18 or 27%) for many patients with incidental thoracic findings, most had typical ones, including exertional dyspnea. For patients with an abdominal presenting illness (n = 11 or 16%), nonspecific digestive and abdominal symptoms were experienced as well as arthralgias. Almost every patient had at least one important other illness that factored significantly into the management of their sarcoidosis. Older patients had more illnesses, such as cardiovascular illness, diabetes mellitus, neurologic problems, and functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Depression affected all ages and was probably underrecognized; more emphasis on this illness is needed. Obesity was associated with disordered sleep syndromes, but not invariably so, as half the subjects had a good body habitus. Thus, many of the other illnesses experienced by sarcoidosis patients are common problems that middle-aged people develop. However, digestive and gastroenterological symptoms seemed disproportionately frequent in this series. This is a component of multi-organ sarcoidosis that has not received extensive coverage in the literature. Approximately one-third of sarcoidosis patients had one of two very common problems-gastroesophageal reflux or irritable bowel syndrome. But these are common problems, and it is thus necessary to separate these symptoms from those associated with abdominal visceral involvement of sarcoidosis. Although liver and/or splenic involvement with sarcoidosis do not cause organ dysfunction or insufficiency, they can contribute to abdominal symptoms. Finally, it remains of interest whether inflammatory bowel disease-Crohn's disease in particular-is another organ manifestation of sarcoidosis, or is it unrelated?
 ...
PMID:Sarcoidosis: impact of other illnesses on the presentation and management of multi-organ disease. 1248 22

Progress in cancer prevention research is being facilitated by the use of animal models displaying specific genetic susceptibilities for cancer, such as mice deficient in one (+/-) or both (-/-) alleles of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Our lab, which focuses on nutrition (particularly energy balance/obesity) and molecular carcinogenesis, has shown in p53-/- mice that calorie restriction (CR) increases the latency of spontaneous tumor development (mostly lymphomas) approximately 75%, decreases serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and leptin levels, and induces apoptosis in immature (lymphoma-susceptible) thymocytes. In heterozygous p53-deficient (p53+/-) mice, CR and a one day/wk fast each significantly delay spontaneous tumor development (a mix of lymphomas, sarcomas, and epithelial tumors) and decreases serum IGF-1 and leptin levels, even when begun late in life. We are presently comparing and combining CR and exercise (treadmill and running wheel) to further elucidate the relationships between energy balance, p53, and tumorigenesis in these models. Furthermore, we have capitalized on the susceptibility of p53+/- mice to chronic, low-dose aromatic amine-induced bladder carcinogenesis to develop a model for evaluating bladder cancer prevention approaches. Using this model, we have established that IGF-1 mediates many of the anti-cancer effects of CR. We are currently conducting oligonucleotide microarray studies to further characterize diet-gene interactions underlying the anti-cancer effects of CR and to determine which of the CR-responsive genes are IGF-1 dependent.
 ...
PMID:Diet-gene interactions in p53-deficient mice: insulin-like growth factor-1 as a mechanistic target. 1533 46

We previously reported a positive association among body mass index, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the leptin and leptin receptor genes that are involved in body weight regulation, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Polymorphisms in the ghrelin (GHRL) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes were examined in the same population-based case-control study of NHL to further explore the role of genes involved in energy homeostasis and obesity in susceptibility to NHL. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that induces NPY release and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines via its antagonistic relationship with leptin. NPY is a potent appetite stimulator controlled by ghrelin and leptin and also acts as a mediator of immune function. DNA from 458 cases and 812 controls was genotyped. Among genotyped GHRL SNPs, the variant allele for GHRL -4427G>A was inversely associated with all NHL [odds ratios (OR), 0.78; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.59-1.0] and more specifically with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL; homozygous variant: OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.74). Another SNP, GHRL 5179A>G, decreased the risk of DLCL (homozygous variant: OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.10-1.2). NPY -485T>C, 1258G>A, and 5671C>T were in total linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.99) and the homozygous variants were associated with an increased risk of NHL in NPY SNPs -485T>C (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5), 1258G>A (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5), and 5671C>T (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8). When stratified by subtype, the variant allele for NPY 1128T>C was positively associated with follicular lymphoma (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9) as were homozygous variants for NPY SNPs -485T>C (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4), 1258G>A (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5), and 5671C>T (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0). These results add further support for the hypothesis that SNPs in energy-regulating genes affect risk of NHL.
 ...
PMID:Polymorphisms in ghrelin and neuropeptide Y genes are associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 1589 81


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>