Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphedema is a common global problem that affects the lower limb. Lymphatics are the pathways for the traffic of the immune system as well as the drainage system of the skin. Disruption of the normal function of the lymph may lead to limb swelling often exacerbated by obesity and immobility. This article presents developments in understanding and suggests principles of management with a view to promoting debate about this neglected condition.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for the swollen ankle and their management at low cost: not forgetting lymphedema. 1587 73

Overweight and obesity increase the risk of developing several cancers. Once cancer develops, individuals may be at increased risk of recurrence and poorer survival if they are overweight or obese. A statistically significant association between overweight or obesity and breast cancer recurrence or survival has been observed in the majority of population-based case series; however, adiposity has been shown to have less of an effect on prognosis in the clinical trial setting. Weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis may also be associated with decreased prognosis. New evidence suggests that overweight/obesity vs normal weight may increase the risk of poor prognosis among resected colon cancer patients and the risk of chemical recurrence inprostate cancer patients. Furthermore, obese cancer patients are at increased risk for developing problems following surgery, including wound complication, lymphedema, second cancers, and the chronic diseases affecting obese individuals without cancer such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Mechanisms proposed to explain the association between obesity and reduced prognosis include adipose tissue-induced increased concentrations of estrogens and testosterone, insulin, bioavailable insulin-like growth factors, leptin, and cytokines. Additional proposed mechanisms include reduced immune functioning, chemotherapy dosing, and differences in diet and physical activity in obese and nonobese patients. There have been no randomized clinical trials testing the effect of weight loss on recurrence or survival in overweight or obese cancer patients, however. In the absence of clinical trial data, normal weight, overweight, and obese patients should be advised to avoid weight gain through the cancer treatment process. In addition, weight loss is probably safe, and perhaps helpful, for overweight and obese cancer survivors who are otherwise healthy.
 ...
PMID:Obesity and cancer: the risks, science, and potential management strategies. 1605 36

Erysipelas is an acute dermo-hypodermal infection (non necrotizing) of bacterial origin, mainly group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus. The lower limbs are affected in more than 80% of the cases and the identified risk factors are disruption of cutaneous barrier, lymphoedema and obesity. Diagnosis is clinical and based upon the association of an acute inflammatory plaque with fever, lymphangitis, adenopathy and leukocytosis. Bacteriology is usually not helpful because of low sensitivity or delayed positivity. In the atypical forms erysipelas must be distinguished from necrotizing fasciitis and acute vein thrombosis. Penicillin remains the gold standard treatment, although new drugs, given their pharmacodynamic profile, may be used. Recurrence is the main complication, being crucial the correct treatment of the risk factors.
 ...
PMID:[Erysipelas]. 1661 43

Turner syndrome occurs in 1:5000 live births (1:2,500 females) and is caused not only by X-chromosome monosomy, but also in a large degree, by the presence of a mosaicism (45,X) and/or an abnormal X or Y chromosome (deletion, isochromosome X, dicentric chromosome). Clinical features are heterogeneous and typical physical anomalies are often mild or absent. In all cases, patients are short but final height has been improved by growth hormone therapy. Ovarian failure, with variable onset depending on the chromosomal anomalies, is frequent. Others visceral diseases (bone anomalies, lymphedema, deafness, and cardiovascular, thyroid, gastrointestinal diseases) are less common and need a screening at diagnosis, then a survey during adolescence and adulthood. During gestation, typical forms can be diagnosed by ultrasound examination, but mild forms are discovered incidentally during amniocentesis for unrelated reasons (advanced maternal age) and prenatal advice is difficult. The quality of life and social life is better when puberty is not induced too late, and in absence of cardiac disease or deafness. Deafness can lead to learning difficulties and, during adulthood, sterility can have a negative effect on quality of life. The prognosis depends on heart diseases, obesity, arterial hypertension and osteoporosis. Therefore, a long-term follow-up is necessary.
 ...
PMID:[Turner syndrome]. 1732 33

A morbidly obese 57-year-old woman presented with dermatological complications of obesity including cellulitis and severe localized lymphoedema of the right leg. There were two large pedunculated masses on the right lateral thigh with early involvement of the left and overlying skin changes of chronic lymphoedema. Our patient's condition is clinically consistent with a new entity recently described in the surgical pathology literature as massive localized lymphoedema.
 ...
PMID:Unusual case of lymphoedema in a morbidly obese patient. 1753 1

Breast cancer has served as a catalyst for improvements in lymphedema care and research for the last 20 years. Awareness must be extended to other instigating factors in light of shifting epidemiology. The aging population, obesity epidemic, and higher 5-year cancer survival rates are changing the face of lymphedema. Lymphedema patients are now older, heavier, and more medically complex. A higher proportion have nonbreast malignancies and advanced cancer. This article describes the current standard of care, as well as recent concessions for patient comfort, convenience, and economic reality. Primary prevention remains underemphasized. Patient education, timely diagnosis, and the early initiation of treatment represent important targets for improvement. Hopefully, new diagnostic tools for detecting subclinical lymphedema, identifying modifiable risk factors, and better understanding lymphedema pathogenesis will improve primary prevention and care.
 ...
PMID:Current and future trends in lymphedema management: implications for women's health. 1767 66

Turner syndrome occurs in one out of every 2,500 to 3,000 live female births. The syndrome is characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome (45,X karyotype). Patients with Turner syndrome are at risk of congenital heart defects (e.g., coarctation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve) and may have progressive aortic root dilatation or dissection. These patients also are at risk of congenital lymphedema, renal malformation, sensorineural hearing loss, osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes, and atherogenic lipid profile. Patients usually have normal intelligence but may have problems with nonverbal, social, and psychomotor skills. Physical manifestations may be subtle but can include misshapen ears, a webbed neck, a broad chest with widely spaced nipples, and cubitus valgus. A Turner syndrome diagnosis should be considered in girls with short stature or primary amenorrhea. Patients are treated for short stature in early childhood with growth hormone therapy, and supplemental estrogen is initiated by adolescence for pubertal development and prevention of osteoporosis. Almost all women with Turner syndrome are infertile, although some conceive with assisted reproduction.
 ...
PMID:Turner syndrome: diagnosis and management. 1770 42

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa represents an infrequent clinical entity with cutaneous changes characterized by dermal fibrosis, hyperkeratotic verrucous and papillamotous lesions resulting from chronic non-filarial lymphedema secondary to infections, surgeries, tumor obstruction, radiation, congestive heart failure, and obesity. Although recurrent streptococcal lymphangitis is believed to play a critical role in the origin of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa, the exact pathogenesis of the disorder is not yet clear. Therapeutic efforts should aim to reduce lymph stasis, which will also lead to improvement of the cutaneous changes but unfortunately there is no specific treatment for advanced cases. In this report, we present a patient who was treated by below knee amputation as a result of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa complicated with chronic tibial osteomyelitis.
 ...
PMID:Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa complicated with chronic tibial osteomyelitis. 1797 24

The prevalence of morbid obesity, along with related comorbidities, is dramatically increasing in the US, confounding wound care for persons at heightened risk for skin compromise. The purpose of this overview is to examine common concerns related to morbid obesity and interrelated lower extremity complications, including wound and skin infections, dermatologic conditions, lymphovenous obstruction syndromes, chronic venous insufficiency, and anatomical abnormalities such as massive localized lymphedema. Treatment may include surgery for massive lymphedema localizations, compression bandaging for chronic venous insufficiency as well as lymphedema, manual lymph drainage for lymphedema, and prompt and aggressive management of wound infection and bioburden. Case studies are presented to illustrate some lower extremity complications of morbid obesity and appropriate protocols of care. Although increasing evidence suggests that morbidly obese patients are predisposed to secondary lymphedema and that primary lymphedema can cause adult-onset obesity, the mechanisms by which these events occur remain unclear. However, unless the underlying problem of morbid obesity is addressed, the problems for which these patients seek care will continue to recur.
 ...
PMID:A patient-centered approach to treatment of morbid obesity and lower extremity complications: an overview and case studies. 1825 Apr 84

The population of morbidly obese patients, along with the incidence of lymphedema and massive localized lymphedema associated with this condition, is increasing. A 5-year retrospective review of data (2000-2005) shows that the percentage of patients >350 lb in the authors' clinic population increased from approximately 7% to 11% and 75% of their morbidly obese patients (body mass index >40) had or have lymphedema. After a differential diagnosis between lipedema and lymphedema (primary or secondary) has been made, lymphedema management options include compression bandaging, manual lymphatic drainage, and localized surgeries. The treatment of morbidly obese lymphedema patients requires additional staff time and specialized equipment to move or position them and may be confounded by other conditions (eg, heart failure and venous insufficiency) that contribute to edema. Lymphedema treatments have been found to be useful, providing patients are able to follow treatment guidelines, especially with regard to weight control. In the authors' experience, massive localized lymphedema will recur unless the primary issue of obesity is addressed. Establishing clear criteria and patient participation guidelines before initiating a comprehensive localized lymphedema program will improve outcomes.
 ...
PMID:Lymphedema in the morbidly obese patient: unique challenges in a unique population. 1825 Apr 86


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>